TORA
Kubva pamukaka kuenda kumota dzinopfuura nemugero dzekugezera kuenda kune mimwe mienzaniso iri kure senge poster yemahamvuropu epepa kana iya yemakuki nemaswiti mumaXNUMX. MuSpain mune mabhizimisi emabhizimisi anobata zvakananga mutengi kuburikidza nemitengo yemakwikwi inopa chibvumirano chekunyengera pakati pemakambani kubva kumativi akasiyana.
Izvi zvibvumirano zvakavanzika uye zvisiri pamutemo pakati pemakambani akati wandei, ayo, pachinzvimbo chekukwikwidzana, anoisa mitengo, anodzikamisa huwandu hunogadzirwa neimwe kana migove yemusika. Kubiridzira kunogonawo kusanganisira kuisa mabhidhi echitsotsi mumatenda eruzhinji kana kupanana ruzivo nezvemitengo yeramangwana, pakati pemamwe maitiro anopesana nemakwikwi.
Parizvino, kune akati wandei arikuita nyaya mukuita kwekuda, senge kurasikirwa kana mukaka cartel. Albert Poch, gweta kubva kuhofisi yeRedi, akatsanangura kuti kuita uku kwakakuvadza mutengi nekuti mitengo yekupedzisira yekutengesa kune veruzhinji iri kushomeka kana nekuti mhando yezvakanaka kana sevhisi iri kutaurwa yakaderedzwa. Poch zvakare anoshora kuti mabhizinesi network achiri kushanda nekuti "ari kudhura zvakanyanya" uye kuti zvirango zvekupedzisira hazviwanzo sanganisira mafaindi ekunze. "Ivo havarambidze," anodaro Poch, uyo anoyeuka kuti vagari vane kodzero yekukumbira muripo wekukuvara kwakakonzerwa.
"Cartels inorambidza makwikwi emahara, izvo zvinozoreva kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvishoma nemasevhisi sezvo kushambadzira kuchirambidzwa kana kutombodzivirirwa nemakambani asingatore chikamu mu cartel. nekuganhurira musika, mutengo unokwira nekuti zvinhu zvishoma zvinogara zvichidhura kana nekuti vatori vechikamu vanobvuma kugadzirisa mitengo iyoyo ”, anodudzira, kwaari, Almudena Velázquez, director wezvemutemo weReclamador.
Kana iri mota, cartel yevagadziri vevarairidzi inoumbwa neboka revagadziri vemotokari uye vanogovera vanochinjana ruzivo rwekutengesa kuti vawane mari yakakwira nemutengo wevatengi. Pakati paKubvumbi 20 naZvita 1, 2021, Dare Repamusorosoro rakapa mitongo gumi nenhatu inosimbisa faindi dzakatemerwa neMakwikwi kune akati wandei emakambani ari kutora chikamu.
Mamiriro akapoteredza mamiriyoni manomwe pakati pevanhu - zvichienderana nekuverenga kweRedi- uye makambani akawana motokari itsva pakati pemwedzi waKukadzi 2006 kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2013 emhando makumi matatu dzakatemerwa zvirango ane kodzero yekukumbira muripo wemutengo wakanyanya wakabhadharwa. “Chero akatenga mota yakakuvadzwa necartel anogona kudaira, zvisinei nekuti mota yacho yakamira sei kana kuti ndeyayo pari zvino. Asi izvo, tinokurudzira vese vakakuvadzwa necartel kuti vapinde muchirongwa chedu Kurume 30 isati yasvika ”, akarayira Andoni De la Llosa, anoshanda naye kuRedi Abogados uye mutauriri weCar Compensation. De la Llosa anosimbirira kuti invoice yekutenga inofanirwa kupihwa, pamwe nekondirakiti kana mutero wekunyoresa.
Tito Álvarez, murongi uye mutauriri weElite Taxi Barcelona neTaxi Project, akatsanangura kuti kuburikidza neRedi Abogados vakawana kuti vatyairi vetekisi vakabhadhara mamaira akawanda pakutenga mota. “MuSpain mune vatyairi vematekisi vanosvika zviuru makumi matanhatu nezvisere uye munguva ino vachaenzanisa mota zhinji. Ini handina huwandu chaihwo hwevakabatwa, asi vatyairi vematekisi vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu muchikamu vakatonyoresa, ”akadaro Álvarez. Panyaya iyi, zvinoratidza kuti vari kutarisira kuwana mari iri pakati pegumi kana gumi neshanu kubva muzana yemari yakabhadharwa pachikwekwe pamwe chete nevanononoka vanga vachiwanda mumakore aya. "Zvinonyadzisa kuti vanoramba vachibvumirana pamusoro pemitengo munyika yedu nokuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, mari shoma inodzoserwa pane iyo yakatanga kuiswa sechirango," anowedzera kudaro Elite Taxi Barcelona coordinator.
Yakanaka kumakambani emukaka
Chimwe chezvirongwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nenhamba huru yevagadziri vakakanganisika uye kuburitswa kwavo nenhau yaive mukaka. Kubva muna 2000 kusvika muna 2013, vatengi vemukaka vakuru vakabvuma kuwana mari yakachipa, nokudaro vachidzikamisa sarudzo dzekutaurirana nevarimi. Asi, muna Chikunguru 2019, National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) yakaranga makambani masere makuru emukaka uye masangano maviri emapato nefaindi ye80,6 miriyoni euros yekuchinja mitengo yekutenga zvichidzika. Maitiro ekurwisa makwikwi anosanganisira kupanana ruzivo, padanho renyika neredunhu, mitengo yekutenga mukaka wemhou yakapfava, kutenga mavhoriyamu evarimi uye mukaka wakawanda. Ruzivo urwu rwakabvumira kambani kugadzirisa maitiro ayo uye kudzivirira kupa mitengo yakakwira uye mamiriro ekutengesa kune makondirakiti, chero kukwikwidza kwacho kushoma, pasina kuisa chichemo kuCNMC. “Varidzi ava vave nemvumo yekuda kuripwa kumakambani ane chekuita nekambani iyi, iyo yakaenzana nemari yavasingachawana,” akatsanangura kudaro Poch.
Mumwe weavo vakabatwa netsika iyi inopesana nemakwikwi emahara ndiElíseo Cebreiro, rancher muFerrol, anoshora kuti, kunyangwe faindi yeMakwikwi, maitiro aya anoenderera mberi nhasi. “Vanotiunzira zvibvumirano uye vanokutemera mutengo, waunofanira kusaina hongu kana hongu. Iwe haugone kuchinja makambani nekuti anobvumirana uye isu hatina simba. Zvinoenderera mberi izvozvi uye zvatonyanya kuipa: tiri kuzvinyepera, asi hatina imwe sarudzo," akabvuma. Sober kana kukosha uku kukakonzera bhasiketi rekutenga, Cebreiro anovimbisa kuti mutengi haana kumira mushe nekuti makambani ekugovera anodzvanyawo makambani makuru emukaka.
Kune chikamu chake, mutauriri weFacua, Rubén Sánchez, anoyeuka zvakaitika nebhati gel cartel yakagadzirwa muna 2005 uye kuburikidza nemakambani akawanda ekugadzira akabvumirana kuderedza kurongedza kutengesa zvishoma zvishoma pamutengo wakafanana. Akati kuwedzera kwemutengo kwakawanikwa nekutengesa chigadzirwa muvhasi duku, asi umo mutengo wakafanana unoratidzwa pamasherufu. Nekuda kweizvi, Sánchez akada kuti hurongwa hwekutemerwa zvirango huomerwe kuitira kuti makambani asafunge kuti zvinovapa mukana wekutyora mutemo. “Panyaya yezvigadzirwa zvinodhura, sezviri kuitika kumotokari, zvine musoro kuti dzinogadzirwa kana dzichidiwa. Asi, mune dzimwe nyaya, sedzemagetsi ekugezesa, vatengi havaendi kumatare edzimhosva kunokumbira masendi mashoma uye havana kana zvikwekwe zvekutenga zvakachengetwa,” anodaro mushamarari weFacua.
Matanho ekukumbira muripo
Maitirwo acho anotanga nedare redzimhosva kuitira kuedza kugadzirisa kusawirirana nekudzivisa kuenda kumatare. Asi, zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti "makambani anotora chikamu mumakambani anozeza kubvuma chibvumirano uye kumanikidza kumhan'arwa kwemhosva," rinodaro gweta Almudena Velázquez. "Tinofanira kuyeuka kuti nguva yekuzvigadzira inogona kuva gore rimwe kana mashanu, zvichienderana nenguva iyo cartel yakagadzirwa," anowedzera. Iyi nguva yenguva inotanga kuverenga kubva panguva iyo bato rakabatwa rinoziva kwete chete kuvepo kwecartel, asi maitiro ayo ese, saka nguva yekumisikidza ndiyo imwe yenyaya dzinokurukurwa zvakanyanya murudzi urwu rwemhosva.
"Matare ane hunyanzvi ndiwo ane mercantile uye kunyangwe achifungidzira kuvepo kwekukuvadzwa, anofanirwa kuratidzwa, izvo, zvakadaro, zvinoda ruzivo rwenyanzvi umo kukuvadzwa uku kunoitwa. Kambani yakamhan'arira, ichapa mumwe mushumo unopokana mumhinduro yayo, uye vachave vatongi avo, nekuona mishumo iyi uye kubvumidzwa kwavo mudare, vachaona huwandu hwemuripo", anowedzera Velázquez, anopa muenzaniso wekuti cartel yemuripo inoverengerwa muchikamu che5% kusvika 20% yemari yakaongororwa, kana yemutengo wekutenga.
