Chisungo chetatu cheMutemo 3/3, waKubvumbi 2009, pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvimiro zvemakambani anotengesa, chinosimbisa kuti nekuda kweshanduko kambani inotora imwe mhando, ichichengetedza hunhu hwayo hwepamutemo. Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana shanduko muhunhu hwayo, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwayo kana kungoita pamutemo maitiro mukati mekutonga kwekutonga, uye kuti kambani yakagamuchira yakasiyana mhando yemagariro, kuchengetedza hunhu hwayo.
Zvinoenderana nezviri pamusoro, kana yakataurwa shanduko isati yaitika, haikonzeri dambudziko sezvo, mune iyi nyaya, iyo inoshanda yepamutemo ichave yakafanana, kureva kuti, iyo yakashandurwa kambani ndiyo ichatanga maitiro, uye kana iri iyo yekungoita pamutemo pamutemo, ine mhosva uye chirevo chinofanira kunangana nacho (yakashandurwa nzanga), pasina rusaruro kune izvo zvichazoratidzwa gare gare, sezvo kukwidziridzwa kwemutoro kungaitika.
Saka, kana shanduko ikaitika yakamirira kugadziriswa kwekutonga, kutevedzana kwemaitiro hakuitike kana kuti hakufanirwe kufarira, sezvo zvisingarevi chero kutevedzana, asi kungochinja kwezita uye / kana kuumbwa kweimwe. yemapato (transformed society). Nemamwe mashoko, akati shanduko haisi pasi pemvumo yedare, asi zvakadaro inoitwa kamwe chete inofarira neimwe yemapato, chero yakanzi shanduko yakatenderwa, kungave kuburikidza nemupiro wechiito chinoenderana chakanyoreswa mune registry. , chitupa chekunyoresa, nezvimwe.
Muenzaniso wemutongo wapfuura weKukakavara - Administrative Chamber yeTSJ yeBalearic Islands, ya27/1/2016. marekodhi, nekuda kwekushandurwa kwekambani yeruzhinji yakaganhurwa kuita kambani ine diki, uye zvakare kukanganisa mukumiririra nekuda kwekusawana masimba matsva.
Nokudaro, Chamber, ichitaura art. 3 yeMutemo 3/2009, inotaura kuti nekuda kweshanduko, kambani yakatora rudzi rwakasiyana, ichichengetedza hunhu hwayo hwepamutemo, saka kutsakatika kwemunhu wepamutemo uye kuzvarwa kwemunhu wepamutemo mutsva kwakanga kusati kwaitika, izvo zvinoumba chokwadi. kutevedzana kwemaitiro, asi kuchengetwa kwemunhu wepamutemo wekare pasi peimwe fomu yekambani nekuda kwekuchinja kwechimiro chepamutemo, icho chisina kukanganisa kuzivikanwa kwekambani yakashandurwa, inochengetedza hunhu hwayo uye inochengetwa pasi peiyo fomula nyowani ( STS Nha. 914/1999, yaNovember 4, STS ye30/1/1987, SAP yeValencia Nha.
Dare rakatonga kuti, nekuda kweshanduko, kambani yakagamuchira imwe mhando asi yakachengetedza hunhu hwayo hwepamutemo, kuti hapana anodzimwa chero nguva.
Saka, STS Nha. 914/1999 inotaura kuti shanduko, ine hunhu hwakafanana, inoramba ichitora kodzero dzakafanana nezvisungo, zvekuti neshanduko yakataurwa hapana kuchinjirwa kwekushandiswa uye kunakidzwa kana kuchinjirwa kwehukama, asi zvakapesana, ndeye " Kuenderera mberi kwe. unhu” hwenzanga yekare.
Nokudaro, STS ye30/1/1987 ichadzokorora kuti kushanduka hakugadziri kuparara kwekambani yakashandurwa, iyo hunhu hwepamutemo hunoramba huripo. Uye mutongo weAP weValencia uchadzokorora dzidziso yakafumurwa, yatove nekutaura kwechirevo chambotaurwa (Art 3), ichidzokorora kuti kodzero nezvisungo zvekambani yakashandurwa hazvina kuchinjwa. Muchisarudzo chimwe chete ichocho cheAP yeGuipúzcoa ichadzokorora zvakambotaurwa.
Sangano rakashandurwa rinoramba richitora kodzero nezvisungo zvakafanana
Nekudaro, iyo Order yechina Chamber, yeTS, ye19/4/2016 inogadza (maererano nenyaya yekutevedzana kwebhizinesi): kunyanya chikonzero mhinduro inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa mune zvese shanduko zviitiko (Zvinyorwa 3 kusvika 21 zve. iyo LME), zvinogoneka kuti mavari kambani yakatora rudzi rwakasiyana rwemagariro, ichichengetedza muzviitiko zvese hunhu hwayo hwepamutemo, zvekuti hazvitomboitike kuti yakaburitsa subrogation yekambani, asi kuti shanduko yakadaro inongosvika "formal novation" yekambani, iyo inova isina basa kune zvinangwa zvatiri kubata nazvo.
Naizvozvo, mukuenderera mberi kwekutonga kwekutonga, shanduko yekambani yairi chikamu chayo, haishandure iyo inoshanda kana kungoita semutemo, kana chero kodzero kana chisungo chinokanganisika, asi sezvakafambiswa mberi, Zvingave zvakakwana kuzivisa. dare remamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuitira kuti hurongwa hweshanduko yakataurwa hunyorwe.
Mune inoenderera mberi yekutonga, shanduko yekambani iyo iri chikamu chayo, haishandure iyo inoshanda kana kungoita semutemo.
Maererano neArt. 21 yemutemo wambotaurwa, uye maererano nemhosva yevadyidzani; Vaya vanobatana avo, nekuda kwekushandura, vanotora mutoro wega uye usingagumi wezvikwereti zvekambani, vachapindura nenzira imwechete sezvikwereti zvisati zvaitika. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, pakati pezvimwe, iyo passive legitimation inogona kuwedzerwa kana kambani ikatora kambani ine chikwereti chisina kuganhurirwa, uye nekudaro vanobatana vanozopindura nemidziyo yavo yezvikwereti isati yashandurwa uye mune zvese zviitiko. yemashure-shanduko, ndiko kusarudza, fungidziro inogona kuoneka kuti semhedzisiro yeshanduko, mutoro uchawedzera. Zvakapesana, kunze kwekunge vakweretesi vemakambani vabvumirana neshanduko, mutoro wevadyidzani vanozove nemhosva kune avo vekambani yakashandurwa ucharamba uripo, kune zvikwereti zvekambani zvakabvumiranwa pamberi pekushandurwa kwekambani, kunyangwe mhosva iyi. ichapa makore mashanu kubva pazuva rekuburitswa muGazeti Yepamutemo yeMercantile Registry.
Vanobatana vachapindura nenzira imwecheteyo sezvikwereti zvisati zvaitika kushanduka; passive legitimation inogona kuwedzerwa kana kambani ikatora fomu remubatanidzwa umo mutoro hauna kuganhurirwa. Vanobatana vanogona kutanga kupindura nemidziyo yavo yezvikwereti isati yashandurwa
Chii chichaitika mumakesi ekuti shanduko yakaitika mushure mekuiswa kwechikumbiro uye pamberi pemhinduro? Kuti pasina rusaruro pakunzwa kuti yakanangana nekambani yakashandurwa, mukana unomuka wekuti basa iri rawedzerwa uye kuti vanobatana vakabata basa iri nekuda kweshanduko, ndiko kuti, zvingave zvichigoneka kuwedzera iyo inomhan'arwa. vadyidzani (401.2 yeCivil Procedure Law) kana, mushure menguva yataurwa, faira mhosva nyowani kune vanobatana uye kufarira kuunganidzwa kwemaitiro, izvo zvakaoma kupihwa zvisingakwanisi zvinoiswa nehunyanzvi. 78.2 uye 3 yeCivil Procedure Law, zvinodikanwa kudzivirira mukana uyu kana zvisina kurongeka kuti, nechikumbiro chekutanga, haigone kusimudzira maitiro anosanganisira zvakanyanya zvirevo uye nyaya, kunyangwe paine nyaya dzakasiyana. . Pasina rusaruro kune chokwadi chekuti kune sarudzo dzekutonga dzinoita kuti kududzirwa kwekudzikiswa kwekuunganidza kuve nyore, semuenzaniso, nyaya yakasimudzwa neSAP Coruña, 329/2008, ye15/9/2008, iyo inoreva kukanganisa. kana kukanganwa kuvapo kweimwe sequel panguva iyo mupomerwi wekutanga akaisa, achitaura kuti pakanga pasina humbowo hwekutenda kwakaipa kune chikamu chemumhan'ari, uye akanzwa kuti yaifanira kunge yakabvumira kuunganidza, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, mukutarisisa kwemaitiro. hupfumi.
