Kakhumi mphamvu yosungirako kuposa graphite, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano mu mabatire a lithiamu-ion kulimbikitsa kulipira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa silicon m'zaka zikubwerazi, mu 'mafoni a m'manja' ndi zida komanso ma anode a mabatire agalimoto (gawo lomwe Volkswagen yangolengeza kumene kumangidwa kwa gigafactory ku Sagunto. kupanga mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi, ndi m'badwo woyembekezeredwa wa ntchito za 3.000). Ndipo makampani monga Sila Nanotechnologies, ku United States, atsimikizira kuyamba kwa kupanga ma unit awo oyambirira a batri ndi mchere uwu.
Spain ili ndi malo angapo ofufuza omwe akugwira ntchito pa mcherewu, wachiwiri wochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso wopezeka kwambiri kuposa graphite (monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri - mwachitsanzo, 'rare earths'-, ndi Chinese hegemony ), monga momwe zilili mu miyala kapena mchenga, ndipo ukauchotsa, ukhoza kuyamba moyo wake wothandiza.
Izi ndi zomwe amachita ku Floatech, kutulukira kwa IMDEA Materials (malo ofufuza omwe ali ndi Community of Madrid), mothandizidwa ndi a Juan José Vilatela ndi Richard Schäufele, omwe ali m'gulu la Multifunctional Nanocomposites Group.
Panopo ndi mtsogolo
Vilatela, injiniya wakuthupi wochokera ku Universidad Iberoamericanna de México ndi doctorate wochokera ku yunivesite ya Cambridge, akuwonetsa kufunikira kogwira ntchito ndi nkhaniyi: komanso kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kukula kwake ".
Monga chizindikiro cha wofufuzayo, zatsopanozi zimayang'ana pa kukonzanso ndondomekoyi kuti ikhale paliponse mu 'malo abwino' kupanga kwakukulu, mtengo wotsika ... zomwe pa Floatech kuchotsa zosungunulira zonse ndi kusakaniza ndondomeko, kotero chilengedwe footprint adzachepetsedwa”. Ulendo pakati pa ndalama zozungulira ndalama, ndi cholinga chomanga chomera choyamba choyendetsa ndege ku 2023 ndikukhala ndi mankhwala okonzeka ndi 2025 (iwo adathandizidwa ndi European Research Council, kuchokera ku polojekiti yopambana mu kafukufuku).
Zachidziwikire, ngakhale silicon ifika yodzaza ndi zabwino, imakhala ndi zofunikira zina, monga kusweka kwake chifukwa chakusintha kosalekeza kwa voliyumu yofananira ndi kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. M'lingaliro limeneli, Carmen Morant, Pulofesa wa Applied Physics pa Autonomous University of Madrid, akutsindika kufunika kwa mchere uwu: "Izo ndi zingamuthandize kwambiri monga anode zakuthupi kwa mabatire lifiyamu, chifukwa ndi chinthu ndi apamwamba enieni-ongoyerekeza mphamvu. ndi wochuluka kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Zingakhale zofunikira kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, posungira mphamvu zowonjezera. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa voliyumu komwe kumachitika kumayambiriro / kutulutsa kwa lithiamu mu silicon, kumene zinthu zimawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa voliyumu mpaka kanayi, anode imasweka, imasweka ndipo batri imataya kukhazikika. Pachifukwachi, tikuphunzira momwe tingawonjezerere moyo wothandiza wa mabatirewa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zazing'ono, monga mafilimu opyapyala a silicon ndi silicon nanowires ".
Yankho lakhala gawo lofunikira lakuthupi, monga momwe a Morant akunenera, "pogwira ntchito ndi zigawo zoonda kwambiri za silicon ndikupanga ma nanowires a silicon ogwirizana. Kuti muwone m'maganizo, zingakhale zofanana ndi zopweteka za ululu, pakati pa malo omwe amawonjezeka kwambiri amatha kuthandizidwa panthawi yotsitsa ". Katswiriyu akuwonetsanso kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya silicon m'munda uwu: "crystalline (yokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso yosatheka kugulitsa), ndi amorphous, porous kwambiri ndipo imatha 'kudodometsedwa' ndikuyambitsa zida kuti ikadalipobe. zowonjezereka, zomwe tikuzifufuza mogwirizana ndi Deposited Silicon Devices Group, Photovoltaic Solar Energy Unit ya CIEMAT (Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research)".
Pankhani ya Marta Cabello, wofufuza wa postdoctoral mu gulu lofufuza la Cell Prototyping ku CIC energiGUNE, akuwunikira momwe, mpaka pano, makampani agwiritsira ntchito silicon yotsika kwambiri mu anode, pakati pa 5 ndi 8%. Ndipo ikuwonetsanso kutenga nawo gawo kwa bungwe mu polojekiti yaku Europe 3beLiEVe, "yemwe cholinga chake ndikulimbitsa malo a mabatire aku Europe ndi makampani amagalimoto pamsika wamtsogolo wamagalimoto amagetsi kudzera ndikupereka mabatire am'badwo woyamba. Mu pulojekitiyi kuyambitsidwa kwa silika muzinthu za anode kumafufuzidwa.
Kukula kwa likululi, komwe kuli mu Álava Technology Park, kudatsogoleredwa ndi kutenga nawo gawo mu projekiti ina yodziwika bwino yaku Europe ya Graphene Flagship Core 2, "kumene kafukufuku adachitika pa silicon anode kuphatikiza ndi graphene, ndikuwongolera kuphatikizika kwa zida zake. production mass".
New Times
Chifukwa cha kukhazikika, Cabello akuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya batire kumapangitsa kuti magalimoto amagetsi azikhala ndi mabatire omwe amatha kupereka makilomita ambiri kuti apulumutse pamtengo umodzi: mabatire a lithiamu-ion muzitsulo za silicon anode. amachepetsedwa kukhala osachepera, ndi kuti kupanga ndi ndondomeko ya anodes amenewa ikuchitika amadzimadzi sing'anga, kutali zosungunulira organic ntchito, amene ali poizoni ndi kuchepetsa chitetezo cha mabatire”.
Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri ndi Ferroglobe, kampani ya ku Spain, pamodzi ndi Little Electric Cars, yomwe inasankhidwa mu kafukufuku wachiwiri wapa-European Research and Innovation Project (IPCEI) yomwe imakhudza batire yonse yamtengo wapatali.
Wotsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wopanga zitsulo za silicon ndi silicon-manganese ferroalloys, ali ndi makasitomala padziko lonse lapansi m'misika yamphamvu komanso yomwe ikukula mwachangu monga solar, magalimoto, zinthu zogula, zomangamanga ndi gawo lamagetsi, ndi mafakitale opanga ku Spain, France, Norway. , South Africa, United States, Canada, Argentina ndi China (malo opangirako 26, okhala ndi ng’anjo 69 padziko lonse, ndi antchito pafupifupi 3400 padziko lonse) .
Pa Innovation ndi R&D Center (mu Sabón, La Coruña), pamodzi ndi silika metallurgical fakitale, yekha mu Spain, Ferroglobe wakhazikitsa njira luso dongosolo chitukuko cha pakachitsulo ufa (micrometric ndi nanometric ) kwa anode wa lifiyamu. - mabatire a ion. "Kampaniyo (amanena kuti) ikufuna kupereka mayankho pavuto lomwe likuyang'anizana ndi makampani oyendetsa magalimoto komanso kuyenda, monga kulimbikitsa kusintha kwaukadaulo wokhazikika komanso wosagwirizana ndi nyengo. M'nkhaniyi, mabatire ndiukadaulo wofunikira pakusinthaku, koma ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pali zida zapamwamba zofunika kuzipanga ". Zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe silicon imakhazikitsidwa ngati imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pazaka khumi zoyambirira kuti zitsimikizire mgwirizano pakati pa kupindula ndi kukhazikika.
