Chiwonetsero kutsogolo kwa ngalawa ya Estai itatha kumasulidwaManuel P. Villatoro@VillatoroManuUpdated: 17/02/2022 08:22h
“Tikufuna kudziwa chifukwa chake amatiwopseza ndi zida. Ndife asodzi." Pakati pausiku usiku wa March 9, 1995, nkhondo yapadziko lonse inayamba yomwe anthu ochepa amakumbukira: yotchedwa Nkhondo ya Halibut. Kunali kugwa mvula kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Atlantic, kuyambika komvetsa chisoni kwa mkanganowo womwe unatsala pang’ono kuphulika, pamene kulira kwachitsulo kwa mfuti inadula mphepo ku Newfoundland. Zipolopolozo zidachokera ku sitima ya 'Cape Roger', yaku Canada kuposa kupindika, ndipo cholinga chake chinali chombo chopha nsomba cha 'Estai' chochokera ku Vigo. Aka kanali koyamba kuukira dzikolo pazaka makumi anayi.
Kuphulika kwa mfutiyo kunathetsa kukwera ndi kutsika kwa maola angapo ndi kukambirana pakati pa ziwiya zonse ziwiri mu vertex wamba: kusodza kwa halibut, nyama yofanana ndi yokhayo.
Ena - aku Canada - adafuna kuti a Galicia achoke kutali ndi nyanjazo; ena - a Spaniards - adasungabe kuti anali omasuka kusodza m'madzi apadziko lonse lapansi ngati akufuna. Chilichonse chinatha monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira: kumangidwa kwa sitima ya Vigo ndi Coast Guard. Kuyambira pamenepo, kupereka ndi kutenga kunayamba zomwe zinapangitsa kuti alengeze nkhondo yomwe sinathe tsiku limodzi ndipo inali pafupi kukokera ku Ulaya mkangano waukulu.
zovuta zoyamba
Koma nkhondoyo sinayambike m’tsiku limodzi lokha lozikidwa pa mawu odzikuza ndi achipongwe panyanja zazikulu. M'zochita, izi zidachepetsa kwambiri kusodza kwa redfish m'derali. "Mkanganowu udazimiririka m'gawo laukazembe ndi chilimbikitso cha voti mkati mwa North Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) pomwe EU idakakamizika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake komwe kulipo 75% ya nsomba za Greenland zomwe zimagwidwa m'derali ndi 12,59% yokha " , idatsimikizira nyuzipepalayi.
Kuyika pa keke kunali mawu ochokera ku boma la Canada pomwe adatsimikizira kuti "njira zoyenera zidzatsatiridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuyang'ana kwakunja kwa anthu akum'mphepete mwa nyanja yakum'mawa" kutha. Monga ngati chiwopsezo chophimbidwa sichinali chokwanira, pa Meyi 12 "Chitetezo cha Usodzi Wam'mphepete mwa nyanja" chidasinthidwa, motero, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zankhondo motsutsana ndi aliyense amene adalowa m'madzi ake adathandizidwa. Patatha miyezi ingapo, nduna ya ku Canada ya Fisheries and Oceans, Brian Tobin, adavutika kwambiri ndi kutentha, malinga ndi ABC, pamene "amalankhula za kusinthidwa kwa malamulo ake opha nsomba kuti adzipatse yekha ufulu wamakono kunja kwa ma kilomita 200."
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Ndipo pazipilala zimenezo gulu la asodzi la ku Galician linafika ku Newfoundland mu March 1995. Tinganene kuti mbalezo zinalipiridwa ndi 'estai' pambuyo pa machenjezo osawerengeka ndi ziopsezo zochokera kwa akuluakulu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. "Canada dzulo idavomereza kukwera ndi kugwidwa kuchokera ku sitima ya ku Spain yomwe inapha nsomba ku Greenland halibut," inatero ABC pa 10 mwezi womwewo. Boma la Spain lidatcha kukwiyako "kuchita chinyengo", pomwe oimira European Union adachitcha "chopanda lamulo kunja kwakhalidwe la Boma lodalirika". Tobin sanachite mantha ndipo adayankha kuti kusaka kudzapititsidwa ku chombo chilichonse chopha nsomba chomwe chimaphwanya malamulo atsopanowo.
Huelga adanena kuti zithunzi zojambulidwa za 'Estai' zidadabwitsa Spain. Kuwona amalinyero ochokera ku Vigo akufika padoko ndi kulandiridwa ndi anthu akumaloko kunali kunyadira kwautundu. Kupitirira apo, kapitawo wa sitimayo, Enrique Dávila, adatsimikizira kudzera mu foni kuti ogwira ntchitoyo ali bwino: "Ndine bata, tonse tili bwino ndipo akutichitira bwino." Iye anafotokozanso kuti, pamene ngalawa yopha nsomba inakwera, iwo anali "osachepera makilomita 300 kuchokera ku gombe la Canada." Ndiko kunena kuti: m'madzi apadziko lonse lapansi. "Tidaganiza zowalola kuti atiwukire kuti tipulumutse umphumphu wathu", wangwiro.
Iwo sanachedwe kumasulidwa atalipira mtundu wa dipo la 50 miliyoni pesetas, koma mbewu ya mkangano inali itabzalidwa kale. Zochita zikuchulukirachulukira ku Spain, ndipo palibe amene anali kufunafuna bata. Manuel Fraga, pulezidenti wa Galician Executive, adanena kuti adawona kuti "zinatengedwa ngati zachiwawa ku Spain." Ndipo zomwezo zidachitikanso ndi Khansala wa Fisheries, Juan Caamaño, yemwe adaimba mlandu Canada kuti ikuchita "nkhondo yolimbana ndi dziko lodzilamulira". Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adatsindika kuti European Union iyenera kuyika zilango "padziko la North America kupitirira nkhani za usodzi."
Nkhondo ya tsiku limodzi
Boma, lotsogozedwa ndi socialist Felipe González, silinachepetse ndikuyankha potumiza chombo, 'Vigía', ku Terranova kuti ateteze malo odyera a asodzi. Koma ngakhale izi sizinasokoneze mizimu. M'malo mwake, zinawapangitsa kutentha kwambiri. "Onse oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi ndi oyendetsa mafiriji aku Spain adadzudzula 'kuzunzidwa' komwe zombozo zikuchitidwa ndi magulu a Gulu Lankhondo la ku Canada komanso ndege zamtundu womwewo," ABC idalemba pa Marichi 21, patangopita nthawi yochepa kuti asitikali aku Spain. chombo chidzafika m'deralo.
M’miyezi yonse yotsatira, dziko la Canada linapitirizabe kuzunza zombo za ku Spain zopha nsomba. Patangopita masiku asanu kuchokera pamene 'Vigía' anafika, anaukira 'Verdel', 'Mayi IV', 'Ana Gandón' ndi 'José Antonio Nores' ndi mizinga yamadzi. Tobin adavomereza ziwonetserozo ndipo adanenetsa kuti, ikafika nthawi, sangazengereze kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kwa mbali yake, dziko la Spain linalola kuti zombozi zipitirizebe kusodza ndipo zinatsutsa zochita za mdani wake watsopano. European Union idavomereza kukwiyitsidwa kwa Executive of Felipe González, koma sanapereke chilango chilichonse pazachuma. Zinkawoneka kuti zonse zayima.
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Oyang’anira zombo zophera nsomba ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi anamvekera bwino lomwe m’mawu ku nyuzipepala ino: “Chitsenderezo chimene akutiika nacho chiri nkhondo yeniyeni yamaganizo; mabwato anayi oyendayenda aku Canada ali osakwana mamita makumi atatu kuchokera ku mabwato athu, okhala ndi magetsi akuluakulu omwe amawunikira komanso kutilepheretsa kugwira ntchito". Eugenio Tigras, kaputeni wa 'Pescamaro I', anali omveka bwino komanso momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino kuti adakakamizika kumenyana ndi asilikali a Invincible Armada omwe anavutika kuyenda panyanja kuti akakamize anthu a ku Canada. Komabe, mfundo ya onsewo inali yophweka: "Palibe amene angatipangitse kuti tisiye kupha nsomba m'madzi a NAFO".
Pa April 14, pachimake chinafika pachimake. Cha m’ma XNUMX koloko masana, Boma la Canada linaganiza kuti kuukira komaliza pa bwato la usodzi kudzachititsa kuti dziko la Spain lichoke ku Newfoundland. Pambuyo pa msonkhano wofulumira, ndunazo zinatsimikiza kuti gulu lankhondo lidzachoka pa doko la Halifax ndi kulamula kuti lichite nkhondo. Njira yobisika yolengezera nkhondo.
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Mogwirizana ndi mawu a CISDE ('International Campus for Security and Defense'), chipangizochi chinapangidwa ndi mabwato olondera a 'Cape Roger', 'Cygnus' ndi 'Chebucto'; sitima yapanyanja yotchedwa 'JE Bernier'; ngalawa yosweka 'Sir John Franklin'; frigate 'HMCS Gatineau' ndi 'HMCS Nipigon' -mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi helikoputala m'bwalo-; chiwerengero chosadziwika cha sitima zapamadzi ndi asilikali apamlengalenga. Mwachiwonekere, panali zokambirana zotumiza omenyana. Patsogolo pawo padali mabwato awiri oyendera malo omwe adayikidwa m'derali.
Posakhalitsa, nduna ya zakunja ya dzikolo a Paul Dubois adayitana kazembe wa dziko la Spain ku Ottawa ndikumudziwitsa za ndegezo. Chifukwa cha mantha, analankhula ndi pulezidenti mwiniwakeyo, Felipe González. Zonse zidagulidwa mumphindi. Kenako, kuvomereza mikhalidwe ndikupereka matani 40.000 a halibut. Lozani ndi kuthetsa mkangano womwe, m'machitidwe, udatha tsiku lina.
