Lolemba likuyamba sabata la Mphotho za Nobel, mphotho za anthu omwe agwira ntchito "zabwino zaumunthu" zomwe zimaperekedwa ku Stockholm ndi Oslo.
Mphothozo, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi injiniya waku Sweden Alfred Nobel (woyambitsa dynamite) amapatsidwa korona waku Sweden miliyoni 10 pagulu lililonse komanso mendulo yagolide ya 18-carat.
Monga zimaperekedwa mu SEK, kusinthanitsa ndalama kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa mphotho yomwe walandilidwa. Mwachitsanzo, chaka chino munthu wina wa ku America amene wapambana Mphotho ya Nobel adzawonjezera ndalama zoposa madola milioni imodzi, koma chaka chino ndalamazo zidzakhala zochepa: $900.000.
Ngakhale mendulo imaperekedwa kwambiri ngati chiboliboli, olandira mphotho ena asintha kukhala ndalama. Mtolankhani waku Russia komanso wopambana Mphotho ya Mtendere ya Nobel, Dmitri Muratov, adaganiza zosintha golide kukhala chuma chambiri kwa ana aku Ukraine. M'mwezi wa June, mendulo ya magalamu 196 yomwe wopambana nawo mu 2021 adalandira idafika $103,5 miliyoni yolipidwa ndi philanthropist wosadziwika, yoperekedwa ku pulogalamu ya Unicef. Chiwerengerocho ndi chokwera nthawi 21 kuposa mbiri yakale.
Ngakhale kutchuka kwawo, Nobel si mphoto zambiri. Mphotho ya 'Discovery Awards' yomwe idachitikira ku Silicon Valley ndikupatsidwa 'Oscar of science', idapambana mphoto za $ 3 miliyoni, kupitilira katatu Nobel, malinga ndi AFP.
mphoto pambuyo pa imfa
Kuyambira mu 1974, malamulo a Nobel Foundation adanena kuti mphotho yoyamba idaperekedwa pambuyo pa imfa, pokhapokha ngati imfa italengezedwa nambala yopambana.
Mpaka pomwe lamuloli lidalembedwa, anthu awiri okha omwe anamwalira aku Sweden ndi omwe adapatsidwa: wolemba ndakatulo Erik Axel Karfeldt (zolemba mu 1931) ndi Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN yemwe ayenera kuti anaphedwa, Dag Hammarskjöld (mphoto yamtendere mu 1961).
Zachitikanso kuti mphotho siinaperekedwe chifukwa idapangidwa kuti ipereke msonkho kwa wopambana, monga mu 1948 Gandhi atamwalira, inatero AFP.
Wolandira m'modzi posachedwapa adalandira mwayi wolandira dzina la foni lodziwika bwino lolengeza za Nobel: Mphotho yamankhwala yaku Canada Ralph Steinman ya 2011 itaperekedwa, amadziwika kuti adamwalira masiku atatu m'mbuyomo, ngakhale akadali pamndandanda wa opambana.
Kutsutsa "kuzindikira miyoyo"
Pokhala ndi zaka zoposa 120 za mbiri yakale, ena amaziona ngati zachikale, nthaŵi zambiri amasankha zinthu zakale. Svante Arrhenius, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi ya zakuthambo ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zamankhwala, yemwe anali waluso kwambiri m'madera ambiri, analandira Mphoto ya Chemistry mu 1903 chifukwa cha "electrolytic theory of dissociation."
Koma inali ntchito ina yaupainiya imene yamupangitsa kukhala mpainiya lerolino: chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 2 iye anali woyamba kunena kuti kuwotchedwa kwa mafuta, makamaka malasha panthaŵiyo, kumayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa. za COXNUMX chilengedwe.
Malinga ndi kuwerengetsa kwake, kuwirikiza kawiri kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide kungatenthetse dziko lapansi ndi madigiri asanu; zitsanzo zamakono zili ndi 2,6º mpaka 3,9º.
M'malo mokayikira kuti mafuta ochulukirapo omwe anthu amawotcha nthawi zonse, Arrhenius adachepetsa liwiro lomwe lingafike pamlingo womwewo ndikulosera kuti kutentha kotereku kudzachitika chifukwa cha zochita za anthu m'zaka 3.000.
