M'mbiri yonse ya anthu takhala tikupanga zosintha zomwe zasintha miyoyo yathu kapena zatsegula zitseko za mibadwo yamtsogolo kuti zitheke kapena kungokhala zangwiro.
Pakati pa mndandanda wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi gudumu, lamya, injini ya nthunzi kapena kompyuta. Koma palinso mndandanda wa ma patent omwe adazunza opanga awo otchuka mpaka adawachitira manyazi.
wothandizira lalanje
Pakati pa 1962 ndi 1970, asitikali aku US adatulutsa malita opitilira XNUMX miliyoni a Agent Orange kuchokera mumlengalenga kupita ku South Vietnam, ndi cholinga chofuna kuwononga mbewu ndi kulanda dziko la Vietcong malo otetezeka. Chigawo choopsa kwambiri cha udzu umenewu chidzakhala dioxin, chodetsa chomwe chingapitirire chilengedwe kwa zaka zambiri ndikuyambitsa matenda mwa anthu (neoplasms, kusabereka ndi kusintha kwa chitukuko cha fetal).
Zikuoneka kuti mwachindunji mawonekedwe anafa chifukwa chothandizira lalanje atatu miliyoni Vietnamese ndi theka miliyoni ana anabadwa ndi kobadwa nako malformations.
Agent Orange anapezedwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku America ndi zomera, Arhtur Galston (1920-2008). Kupezekaku kunachitika pomwe amayesa chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu, chifukwa cha zoyeserera zake adawonetsa kuti triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) imatha kulimbikitsa maluwa a soya ndikufulumizitsa kuti apangidwe mwachangu. Komanso, dziwani kuti ngati mankhwalawo agwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, amachititsa kuti zomera ziwonongeke.
Galston, yemwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri, adachenjeza mobwerezabwereza za kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe komwe Agent Orange akuyambitsa ku Vietnam, kuwonjezera pa zoopsa zomwe zingabweretse kwa anthu. Abwera adazindikira kuti Agent Orange anali "kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika sayansi." Nambala yapawiriyo imatanthawuza mikwingwirima yamitundu yomwe idawonekera pamigolo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula.
bomba la atomiki
Mtsogoleri wa Manhattan Project, yomwe bomba loyamba la atomiki linapangidwa, anali katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967). Kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala akuphunzira njira zamphamvu za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, kuphatikizapo ma elekitironi ndi positrons. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomaliza za ntchito yake chinali kulekanitsidwa kwa uranium-235 kuchokera ku uranium wathunthu ndikuzindikira misa yofunikira kuti bomba la atomiki lipangidwe.
Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha pulogalamu ya ku America, yomwe inapezedwa pa July 16, 1945, bomba loyamba linaphulika m'chipululu cha New Mexico - Operation Trinity. Patangotha milungu ingapo, idakhazikitsidwa ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki.
Pambuyo pake Oppenheimer, pepani chifukwa cha imfa zomwe zidachitika, adadandaula chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pantchito ya Manhattan. Kuyambira 1947 mpaka 1952 anali mlangizi wa United States Atomic Energy Commission, kuyambira pamenepo idaponderezedwa kuti ilamulire padziko lonse lapansi mphamvu za atomiki.
AK-47 pa TV
Atangolephera kulephera, Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919-2013) adavomereza kuti anali ndi "zowawa zauzimu zosatsutsika" ndipo anakhala masiku otsiriza a moyo wake akudzifunsa funso lomwelo: "Kodi zingakhale kuti ... Mkhristu ndi wokhulupirira wa Orthodox? Kodi mudzapeza chifukwa cha imfa yawo? Chifukwa chake sichinali china koma kupanga mfuti yomwe ili ndi nambala yake - AK-47 - ya Red Army kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II. Zinali zopeka zopeka zimene zinapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kuposa mfuti zina zilizonse.
Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) adazunzikanso ndi lingaliro la imfa ndi chiwonongeko chomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe adapanga kudapanga. Mu 1864 adakhala ndi chokumana nacho chomvetsa chisoni chowona momwe mng'ono wake ndi anthu ena anayi adafera chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa nitroglycerin. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake anapanga njira yomwe inapangitsa kugwira ntchito kosavuta ndi kotetezeka, anaipeza mwa kusakaniza ndi dongo la kieselguhr, kupeza dynamite monga chotsatira. Popanga mphotho zomwe zimanyamula nambala yake, adayesa kuyimbira chikumbumtima chake ndikuchotsa nambala yomwe idamenyedwayo.
Pakati pa olapa akuphatikizaponso woyambitsa Philo T Farnsworth (1906-1971), yemwe wakhala akutulukira mfundo zazikulu za televizioni zamagetsi kwa zaka khumi ndi zinayi zapitazo. American uyu walowa m'mbiri popanga kanema wawayilesi wamagetsi woyamba. Anapanga luso lake ndi chiyembekezo kuti chidzakhala chida cha kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe, kuti ndi icho akhoza kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ndi ntchito zosangalatsa kudzera mu masewera, chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro.
Farnsworth adakhala nthawi yayitali kuti awone momwe zomwe adazipanga zidasokonekera, zomwe zidamupangitsa kumva chisoni kuti adazilenga, adaganiza kuti anthu adataya nthawi yawo pamaso pa televizioni.
Pedro Gargantilla ndi internist ku El Escorial Hospital (Madrid) komanso wolemba mabuku angapo otchuka.
