Christian Frazen adagwa ku Madrid mu 1923, pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, koma achibale a zitsanzo zake zosadziwika bwino akupitiriza kuonekera. "Ndinazindikiranso agogo a agogo a mnzanga wakale," akutero Alberto de Prada, mkulu wa RTVE Archive, yemwe akuwulula kuti adapeza zithunzi za anthu otchuka, monga Mata Hari, omwe ali ndi zithunzi zitatu, Marie. Curie ndi Ortega y Gasset ali ndi zaka makumi awiri okha, pafupifupi osazindikirika. Anthu amathanso kuthandizira kuzindikira omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale ya zithunzi 37.000 zomwe zimatsegulidwa kwa aliyense chifukwa cha zolembedwa zapaintaneti.
Wojambula waku Danish ndi kazembe Christian Franzen y Nissen (Fjolde, Denmark 1864-Madrid 1923) anali chithunzi.
zofunika ku Spain pakati pa zaka mazana ambiri. Iye mwini adapanga dzina lake loti 'wojambula zithunzi wa mafumu ndi mfumu ya ojambula'. Analinso "wojambula zithunzi za XNUMXth century Movida Madrid", monga momwe Prada amafotokozera. Ku likulu la Spain adajambula usiku m'malesitilanti, malo ochezeramo ndi malo owonetserako zisudzo, pomwe sanafanane naye chifukwa cha luso lake laukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwatsopano kwa magnesium kung'anima. Masana, iye anali wojambula zithunzi wosiyidwa kwambiri ndi anthu apamwamba.
Kupambana kwake m'dziko lathu ndikoyenera kuphunzira. Franzen adapeza chidaliro cha Regent María Cristina ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, Mfumu Alfonso XIII, ndipo adalandira udindo wopereka zinthu ku Royal House. Anali bwenzi komanso wothandizira Joaquín Sorolla, yemwe ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zake kuti awonetse anthu ngati Mfumu, popanda nthawi yoti afotokoze kwa maola ambiri. Zithunzi zochititsa chidwi zomwe zidawonetsedwa pamaso pa kamera yake: Concha Espina ndi Emilia Pardo Bazán adamufunsa, monganso Práxedes Mateo Sagasta.
Ngati analibe mwayi wopeza zochitika komanso malo odziwika bwino panthawiyo, adagwira ntchito ku ABC ndi Blanco y Negro, komwe mawonekedwe ake abwino kwambiri monga mtolankhani adawonekera ndipo adawonetsa magawo ake atatu: 'Physiognomic Studies', 'Madrid at Night. ' ndi 'Zithunzi Zapamtima'. Anathandizanso m’magazini monga ‘La Ilustracion Española y Americana’ ndi ‘La Esfera y Nuevo Mundo’. Zambiri mwazithunzi zake za zikondwerero zazikuluzikulu zidasinthidwa m'buku la 'Los salons de Madrid', lolembedwa ndi Monte-Cristo, pseudonym of the Black and White wolemba mbiri Eugenio Rodríguez y Ruiz de la Escalera, "ndi mawu oyamba a Countess of Pardo Bazan".
Ulendo wojambula zithunzi wa Frazen unayamba ndi malonda omwe adasindikizidwa pa ABC
Mu 1898, Franzen anasamukira ku studio yake yotchuka pa nambala 11 Calle del Príncipe (kenako manambala anasintha kukhala nambala 9), yomwe inakhala imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Madrid. Analipira 15 pesetas pa chilolezo cha gallery, chomwe chinali choposa ndalama. Andale ndi olemekezeka a nthawiyo adalemba ntchito zawo. Aliyense amene akanakwanitsa anabwera ndipo ena amene sangakwanitse. Aliyense amene anali wofunika kapena wodziyesa angafunike chithunzi kuchokera kwa wojambula mafashoni.
Ndi kusindikizidwa pa intaneti kwa kabukhu la Franzen, mkulu wa RTVE Archive amawona imodzi mwamituto yake yayikulu yomwe adakwaniritsa, atatsala pang'ono kusangalala. Iye anati: “Mbali yotsatira idzakhala ikuvumbula. "Sindikudziwa ngati ndiziwonanso, koma zimapereka ziwonetsero zambiri. Pali nthawi yonse yowonetsedwa. Muzovala zaukwati, mwachitsanzo, pali zaka 60 kapena 70, kapena suti za mgonero, zovala za asilikali ... Zithunzi za Alfonso XIII ndi yunifolomu zosiyana pali porrón. Banja lonse lilipo, Regent María Cristina, Mfumukazi Victoria Eugenia, ana kuyambira ali aang'ono ndi khoti lonse ".
Chopereka choyendayenda
Marie Curie, mu chithunzi china chopulumutsidwa ku zolemba zakale za Christian Frenzen - RTVE
Zolemba zakale za Franzen zidabwera m'manja mwa RTVE mu 1971, chifukwa cha zotsatsa zazing'ono zomwe zidasindikizidwa pa ABC. Zosonkhanitsazo zidachokera ku Zaragoza, kwenikweni. Wina wochokera kwa anthu anapita kumeneko kuti akamulandire ndikusamalira kubwerera ku Madrid. "Kuyambira pomwe situdiyo idatsekedwa pakati pazaka za m'ma 50 mpaka 70, sitikudziwa zomwe zimachitika kumalo osungirako zakale," akutero Alberto de Prada. Zimadziwika kuti olowa nyumba anagulitsa chirichonse: zithunzi, zoipa, mipando, makatani ... Kuchokera pazithunzi, studio ya Franzen imakumbutsa za Sorolla ku Madrid kapena Fortuny ku Venice.
Zinthu zonse zinafika pa TVE m'mabokosi a makatoni, ndi mbale zobisika zopingasa, nthawi zina mpaka 30 mu chidebe chomwecho, "pachisoni." Ambiri amasweka, chifukwa cha kulemera. Ambiri achira, koma kwa ena akukambiranabe ndi akatswiri kuti awone ngati angapulumutsidwe. Chithunzi chilichonse nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi cholemba pamanja, nambala, deti, ndi zina zochepa. Zonse zimasungidwa pakompyuta ndi zomwe zilipo komanso chiyembekezo choti anthu athandiza kudziwa zambiri. Kuti tipambane pazochitikazi, kusowa kwa ndalama ndi anthu kwakhala chopinga chachikulu. "Chilichonse chidakhala pakompyuta kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma kuziyika pa intaneti kwatiwonongera ndalama zambiri. Zonsezi zinawonjezera ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Kusintha kwa mabokosi kwachitidwa ndi munthu mmodzi, mwachitsanzo ".
Marie Curie - Christian Frozen / RTVE
Kamodzi sanali mu mphamvu ya RTVE mwina, onse amene anali ndi udindo anali mofanana tcheru kufunikira kwa zinthu zopezedwa. Poyamba, zosonkhanitsazo zinali mu RTVE zakale ku Somosaguas. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake adasamukira kumalo osungirako mafilimu ku Arganda del Rey, mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90s adasamutsidwa (panthawiyi) kupita ku Prado del Rey. Kumeneko, kuwerengetsa pang'ono koyamba kwa zoyambira pafupifupi 10.000 kunachitika, ndikusinthana kwawo kotsatira.
Pakati pazaka khumi zoyambirira za 2000s, makatoni oyambilira adasinthidwa ndi zida zamakono komanso zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi PH osalowerera ndale komanso kusungidwa koyima, kuti apititse patsogolo kasamalidwe kawo ndikupewa kusweka kwatsopano. Kusintha kumeneku kunalola kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za momwe zinthu zilili poyamba, pambuyo pake zidalembedwa m'chaka cha 2015 ndi digitization yatsopano yapamwamba, nthawi ino ya zoyamba zonse, zoipa zonse, zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi galasi , monga mapepala a mapepala.
Pa Disembala 27, RTVE idakhazikitsa mwakachetechete tsamba loperekedwa ku ntchito ya wojambula Christian Franzen: rtve.es/christian-franzen. "Pali zinthu zambiri zoyenera kuchita ndikuwongolera," akuvomereza de Prada, "koma ndidafuna kusiya izi zosindikizidwa ndi kupezeka." Choncho, injini yofufuzira ndi manambala ikusowabe, yomwe ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino zidzakhala "m'miyezi ingapo".
Kufunika kwa kubwezeretsa zakale
Frazen anali mbuye weniweni wa mandala zithunzi, amene anapanga nyimbo zabwino kwambiri, wodzaza ndi moyo ndi makanema ojambula pamanja. Makhalidwe ochokera kudziko lalikulu lomwe iye anali munthu winanso adayikidwa pamaso pa kamera yake. Mu Black and White, ABC ndi zofalitsa zina za nthawiyo, adawonetsa zithunzi zomwe sizinajambulidwe kale, chifukwa cha kusindikiza kowala kwa magnesium, komwe anali katswiri. Adalowa mozemba m'malo ochezera, maphwando, malo odyera, ku Madrid usiku.
Wantchito wosatopa, anzake khumi ndi awiri ankagwira ntchito mu situdiyo yake pa Calle Príncipe. Wamtali, wofiirira, mtundu wangwiro wa Nordic, analinso kazembe waku Denmark ku Madrid. Ubwenzi wake ndi Sorolla, yemwe anakumana naye mu 1889, unamupangitsa kuti agwirizane nawo ntchito zina. Zithunzi zawo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndizopereka ulemu kwa kupanga, kuunika, kujambula kukongola, ku mgwirizano wa njira ziwiri zaluso, kujambula ndi kujambula.
Zithunzi za Frazen zili ndi chikhalidwe, mbiri komanso zachuma. Koma Spain ili ndi National Photography Center. Palibe zinthu zokwanira zomwe zimaperekedwa, pali kusowa kwa akatswiri ndipo palibe nthawi yochuluka yotsalira kuti tipulumutse cholowa chathu chazithunzi, chifukwa zipangizo zimawonongeka, ndalamazo zimasweka kapena kuponyedwa mu zinyalala. Pazifukwa izi, timadalira akatswiri ochepa omwe amayang'anira zolemba zakale ku Spain.
Mwamwayi, pali ena abwino kwambiri, monga omwe amagwira ntchito pa RTVE Documentary Fund yotsogozedwa ndi Alberto de Prada. Chifukwa cha iwo komanso kulimba mtima kwawo, zoyipa za magalasi 37.000 zasungidwa, zasungidwa pakompyuta, ntchito yosamalira zachilengedwe yachitika ndipo zidalembedwa. Tiyenera kuwathokoza chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi. Komabe, pali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitidwe, osati m’thumba lokha. Zoyeserera zake monga zomwe zidachitika ndi ntchito ya Franzen las qu'allowen zikupita kupulumutsa zomwe zatsalira kukumbukira ku Spain, zomwe zidamenyedwa kwambiri. Koma pali zambiri zoti musunge, zida zochepa, komanso nthawi yochepa!
Federico Ayala Sorenssen, wamkulu wa ABC Archive
