Pansi pa mawu olondola kwambiri awa, 'Masamu yatigwirizanitsa', Tsiku la Masamu Padziko Lonse likukondwerera masiku ano padziko lonse lapansi, monga momwe adalengezera Msonkhano Waukulu wa 40 wa UNESCO mu 2019. Tsiku lapaderali, March 14 ( 03/14), mayiko ena amakumbukira Pi Tsiku (zindikirani kuti gawolo likulowa ndi ziwerengero ziwiri zoyambirira za chiwerengerocho zimagwirizana ndi njira yofupikitsa yowonetsera tsiku, kuyambira mwezi), ndipo ichi chinali chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ndi anthu monga momwe zimagwirizanirana ndi masamu. anaganiza kuti limeneli linalidi deti loyenereradi kaamba ka chochitika choterocho.
Wothandizira mawuwa, wophunzira wa mbuye wa ku Canada mu algebraic geometry, Yuliya Nesterova, adanena kuti ndi mawu awa akufuna kusonyeza kuti masamu ndi chinenero chomwe tonsefe tili nacho komanso phunziro limene tingakumane nalo.
Masamu amatigwirizanitsa monga zolengedwa zamagulu, monga chida cha zamakono ndi zamaphunziro, zimatithandiza kupanga maubwenzi pakati pathu, mosasamala kanthu za geography, chuma, jenda, chipembedzo, fuko, ndi zina zotero. Tsoka ilo, zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zakhala zovuta chifukwa cha chikhumbo cha mgwirizano wapadziko lonse waumunthu, ndipo zachititsa kudzipatula kwa mayiko ena omwe ayamba kale kukhala ndi zotsatira zosautsa pa kafukufuku wa sayansi (onani m'lingaliro ili nkhani yotsatirayi) . Chapafupi kwambiri chinali kusintha kwa malo a International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM; chochitika chachikulu kwambiri chapadziko lonse cha masamu) chomwe chikakhala ku Saint Petersburg Julayi wamawa. Akatswiri a masamu aku Russia mazana angapo akhala m'gulu la anthu oyamba kudzudzula mwamphamvu kulanda dziko la Ukraine popanda zifukwa zomveka, akudandaula momwe kudzachotsera mbiri ya dziko lawo padziko lonse lapansi monga likulu la masamu otsogola, udindo womwe akhala akugwira kuyambira nthawi zonse.
Ngakhale zili choncho, dziko lonse lotukuka ndi lamtendere lidzayesa kusintha zinthu ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Ku Spain, kuyambira sabata yatha zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachitika m'dziko lonselo, kukonzekera. Pakati pawo, CEMat (Komiti ya Masamu ya ku Spain) yakonza misonkhano ndi zokambirana, ena pafupifupi, kulimbikitsa aphunzitsi kuti agwirizane ndi ophunzira, ngakhale malo awo ophunzirira alibe mwayi wokonzekera zochitika maso ndi maso. Nkhanizi zajambulidwa ndipo aliyense angathe kuziona nthawi iliyonse imene akufuna. Pambuyo pake, nkhani zina zomwe zakambidwa ndi maulalo amomwe mungasangalalire nazo zasonyezedwa. Mipikisano yolimbana ndi ophunzira ndi masukulu idayitanidwanso, omwe mwambo wawo wopereka mphotho ukhala lero mtawuni ya Don Benito (Badajoz). Momwemonso, a Royal Spanish Mathematics Society (RSME) ndi Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum atenga nawo gawo pamphotho zamapulojekiti opambana a mpikisano wa MaThyssen, omwe cholinga chawo ndikufufuza kugwirizana pakati pa luso ndi masamu.
Mayunivesite ena ndi malo ophunzirira akhala akukondwerera tsikuli kwa zaka zingapo, kotero chaka chino pali malingaliro ambiri, ambiri a iwo akuchira mawonekedwe a maso ndi maso. Timangonena zachitsanzo chaching'ono chopezeka pazida zilizonse zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti owerenga athe kudziwa momwe tsikulo lidzayendere. Mwachitsanzo, a Complutense University of Madrid adakonza mpikisano wokhala ndi zovuta ziwiri (imodzi yongoyerekeza, ina yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri) ndi nkhani, 16:30 p.m., yokhala ndi mutu wokopa wa 'Ndipo inu, mumamanga bwanji zingwe za nsapato zanu? ? ?’, loperekedwa ndi Marithania Silvero Casanova, wochokera ku yunivesite ya Seville (ulalo wa nkhaniyo 8 koloko masana ukupezeka pa ulalo). Padzakhalanso ziwonetsero, monga Natural Geometry, ku Bizkaia Aretoa ya UPV/EHU (Bilbao), kuyambira pa Marichi 18 mpaka 8 kuyambira 00:20 a.m. mpaka 00:XNUMX p.m. . Chiwonetserochi chikuphatikizidwa ndi zithunzi za Pilar Moreno, Lucía Morales, Inmaculada Gutiérrez ndi Leopoldo Martínez, pamodzi ndi malemba ofotokozera mwachidule.
Sitidzaiwala za Pi
Mu imodzi mwazokambirana zomwe mnzathu Rafael Ramírez Uclés, wa ku yunivesite ya Granada, anakuuzani za 'Masamu Odabwitsa' (mu ulalo mungathe kupeza nkhani yonse, yomwe, monga ena onse operekedwa, ndi yosangalatsa komanso yolimbikitsa) , kuyankha funso ili: Kodi ndi mabwalo angati ngati amthunzi omwe ali mkati mwa bwalo lomwe tikuwona? Inde, tikhoza 'kudula' mabwalowa kukhala tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Zikuwonekeratu kuti zosakwana zinayi, popeza, kuziyika mwachitsanzo ndi quadrants (zomwe timaziwona zimayikidwa mu quadrant yoyamba, poganiza kuti chiyambi cha dongosolo logwirizanitsa lili pakati pa bwalo), gawo la mabwalo. m'mbali zonse munatuluka quadrant.
Ndizoyeneranso kutsimikizira kuti m'modzi wa iwo, ngakhale awiri, amalembetsedwa mosavuta, monga tikuwonera pachithunzi chachiwiri. Tsopano, m'dera lomwe silinaphimbidwe ndi bwalo, kodi wachitatu angakwane? Zidutswazo ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa mizere inayi yamakona anayi achigawo chachiwiri cha mabwalo, koma ndi kulingalira pang'ono ndi kuleza mtima, monga momwe ophunzira a Raphael analiri, omwe funsoli likanakhala ngati chithunzithunzi chokhala ndi mapepala ndi lumo, akhoza. kwaniritsani monga tikuwonera pachithunzi chotsatirachi (ndikosavuta kuwona kuti makona atatu obiriwira ndi apinki amapanga lalikulu lonse).
Chifukwa chake tili ndi mabwalo atatu athunthu mkati. Koma pali malo ochuluka, ochepa, koma alipo. Zingati? ndi funso lotsatira. Popanga tiziduswa tating'onoting'ono, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti titha kuphatikiza gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a lalikulu lalikulu, ndipo pali malo. Malo omwe tingalembemo magawo mazana anayi a sikweya (ndiko kuti, ngati tigawa gawo lina la magawo khumi la bwalo kukhala zidutswa khumi, titha kuyika zinayi mwa magawo amenewo). Malo oti mudzaze akucheperachepera, koma tikadali ndi malo.
Ndithudi owerenga ena adzakhala atazindikira kale, kuloweza manambala omwe akuwoneka kuti akupanga nambala 3.14, pakadali pano, zoyamba za pi. Tsopano, kodi pi ali ndi malo angati a decimal? Zowonadi, ili ndi malo ambiri osawerengeka, kotero titha kupitiliza kupanga zing'onozing'ono ndi zazing'ono, koma sitingadzaze kwathunthu gawo la bwalo, chifukwa pi ili ndi malo ambiri osabwerezabwereza.
Mchitidwewu, wowonetsera kwambiri kwa ophunzira, ukanatha kuthetsedwa mwachangu ndi kusanthula kosanthula (zomwe akatswiri a masamu timachita tikapanga umboni wokhazikika): ngati utali wa bwalo unali r, womwe wa chithunzi choyambirira ungakhalenso mbali ya aliyense square ), monga tauzidwa kapena kuwonetsedwa m'makalasi a masamu, dera lomwe lazunguliridwa ndi bwalo lingakhale ndendende
ndiye kuti, ndendende pi nthawi za dera lililonse (r squared). Mwanjira ina, dera la sikweya limakwanira nthawi za pi mkati mwa bwalo. Ngati izi zakudabwitsani kuti sitidzamaliza kudzaza bwalo chifukwa chazopanda malire, ndikupangiranso kanema wa Rafael chifukwa ndi chimodzi mwazodabwitsa zomwe amafotokozera mosangalatsa kwambiri. Sindingakane kukusiyirani chinsinsi china: Ndikudziwa mphika wamba wa mipira itatu ya tenisi, ngati yomwe ili pachithunzichi. Kodi botilo ndi lalitali kuposa kutalika kwa choimiritsa (m'mphepete mwa choyimitsa, kuzungulira kwake), kapena mosiyana? Yankho lake lidzakudabwitseni, mosakayikira, chifukwa sizodziwika konse.
Víctor Manero, wa ku yunivesite ya Zaragoza, wogwira naye ntchito m’gawoli, nayenso wathandiza chaka chino pa nkhani zimene ndatchula poyamba paja. Funso loti chomera chathu, Koma mphunzitsi, ichi ndi chiyani kwa ine?
Nkhani zina zotsalazo, pafupifupi mphindi 50, zofotokoza mitu ndi magawo osiyanasiyana momwe masamu amakhalira, ndi motere:
Kuyang'ana ofufuza a masamu kuti athe kupezeka m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Lorenzo J. White Nieto. Yunivesite ya Extremadura.
Mu… zowoneka bwino. Luis Maya ndi Ana Caballero. Yunivesite ya Extremadura
Ndipatseni vuto ndipo… Ndisuntha dziko! Julio Mulero Gonzalez. University of Alicante Tessellations yokhala ndi Geogebra: yokongola yopanda malire. Alexander Gallardo. Rafaela Ybarra School, Madrid.
Illusionism ndi masamu achisangalalo. Alejandro Garcia Gonzalez. IES Az-Zait waku Jaen
MathCityMap - pulogalamu yamasamu amsewu. Beatriz Blanco Otano, IES Eugenio Frutos (Guareña, Badajoz) ndi Claudia Lázaro del Pozo, Department of Education and Vocational Training of Cantabria.
Lumo mmwamba, uku ndi kumanga! Maria Garcia Monera. Yunivesite ya Valencia.
Zitsanzo za gulu lathu. Momwe masamu amatithandizira kuyesa ndikuwongolera dziko. Daniel Ramos. IMAGINARY / Mathematics Research Center.
Pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi tithanso 'kuthandiza' zokambirana zina. Pulogalamu yapaintaneti yapadziko lonse lapansi itha kufunsidwa pa ulalowu ndikuwonetsedwa ndi magawo azilankhulo zisanu zosiyanasiyana (zokambirana zinayi za mphindi khumi ndi zisanu chilichonse), iliyonse munthawi zosiyanasiyana: Chiarabu (kuyambira maola 12 mpaka 13), Chipwitikizi (kuyambira 13 mpaka 14). Maola 15), Chingerezi (kuyambira 00:16 p.m. mpaka 00:15 p.m.), Chifalansa (kuyambira 30:16 p.m. mpaka 30:18 p.m.) ndi Chispanya (kuyambira 00:19 p.m. mpaka 00:XNUMX p.m.). Zimasiyana m'chinenero chilichonse, kotero ngati mutadziwa zonse mungathe kusangalala ndi nkhani makumi awiri.
Zonsezi ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la chilichonse chomwe chakonzedwa, chopanga zopereka zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. Kotero ngati mukufuna, palibe zifukwa zolepheretsa kukondwerera tsikulo. Tinkangofuna aliyense, a
Tsiku Labwino la Masamu 2022!!!
Alfonso Jesús Población Sáez ndi pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Valladolid komanso membala wa Dissemination Commission ya Royal Spanish Mathematical Society (RSME).
ABCdario of Mathematics ndi gawo lomwe limachokera ku mgwirizano ndi RSME Dissemination Commission.
