Nthawi ya subprime mortgage crisis
Pakati pa Epulo 1971 ndi Epulo 2022, chiwongola dzanja chazaka 30 chinali 7,78%. Chifukwa chake ngakhale FRM yazaka 30 ikukwera pamwamba pa 5%, mitengo imakhalabe yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi mbiri yakale yobwereketsa nyumba.
Komanso, osunga ndalama amakonda kugula zitetezo zobweza ngongole (MBS) panthawi yovuta yazachuma chifukwa ndi ndalama zotetezeka. Mitengo ya MBS imayang'anira chiwongola dzanja, komanso kuthamanga kwa ndalama mu MBS panthawi ya mliri kunathandizira kuti mitengo ikhale yotsika.
Mwachidule, chirichonse chimasonyeza kuti mitengo ikukwera mu 2022. Choncho musayembekezere kuti mitengo ya ngongole idzatsika chaka chino. Zitha kutsika kwakanthawi kochepa, koma titha kuwona kukwera m'miyezi ikubwerayi.
Mwachitsanzo, ndi ngongole ya 580, mukhoza kulandira ngongole yothandizidwa ndi boma, monga ngongole ya FHA. Ngongole za FHA zili ndi chiwongola dzanja chochepa, koma zimaphatikizanso inshuwaransi yanyumba, ziribe kanthu momwe mumayika.
Ngongole zanyumba zosinthika nthawi zambiri zimapereka chiwongola dzanja chocheperako kuposa chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika chazaka 30. Komabe, mitengoyo imatha kusintha pakatha nthawi yokhazikika.
Chidule cha subprime mortgage crisis
Ngongole yanyumba ndi imodzi mwamagwero akuluakulu a ngongole kwa anthu aku America. Makampani ogulitsa ngongole ku US ndi amodzi mwa akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo vuto lodziwika bwino la subprime mortgage crisis ya 2007 imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Mavuto a subprime amenewo adakhazikitsa maziko ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lazachuma komanso kuchepa kwachuma kwa 2008. Ngongole yodziwika bwino yanyumba idagwa pambuyo pamavuto azachuma a 2008, koma adachira ndipo adawuka kuyambira 2013.
Chiwongola dzanja ku United States chidatsika kwambiri mu 2020, zomwe zidapangitsa kubwereketsa kukongola kwa ogula. Anthu ambiri aku America adakhala eni nyumba mu 2020, ngakhale mliriwu, womwe mwina udachitika chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika mtengo yanyumba. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa bizinesi yobwereketsa ndalama ku chuma cha US chonse.
Thandizo lobweza ngongole ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe boma la US lidachita mchaka cha 2020 kuti achepetse zovuta za eni nyumba omwe ali ndi mavuto azachuma chifukwa cha mliriwu. Ulova wakwera kwambiri chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa mabizinesi ambiri, zomwe zimasiya eni nyumba ambiri alibe ntchito komanso akuvutika kuti azilipira pamwezi. Komabe, momwe izi zidzakhudzire obwereketsa nyumba siziwoneka, chifukwa ndizokayikitsa kukhala ndi ndalama zokwanira kuti athe kuthana ndi mkuntho.
Zotsatira za subprime mortgage crisis
Ambiri a obwereketsa nyumba amasumira ku bankirapuse pakangotha milungu ingapo. Msikawu wadzaza ndi nkhawa za vuto lalikulu la ngongole padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe lingakhudze magulu onse a obwereketsa. Mabanki apakati amagwiritsa ntchito zigamulo zadzidzidzi kuti alowetse ndalama m'misika yazachuma yomwe ili ndi mantha. Misika yogulitsa nyumba ikutsika pambuyo pazaka zambiri zakukwera kwambiri. Ziwerengero za kulandidwa kawiri pachaka patheka lachiwiri la 2006 ndi 2007.
Pakali pano tili pakati pavuto lazachuma lomwe likuyang'ana msika wanyumba waku US, komwe kugwa kwa msika wandalama wozizira wa subprime kukuchulukirachulukira m'misika yangongole, komanso misika yamayiko ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe misika yagwera mpaka pano, komanso zomwe zingachitike m'tsogolo.
Ndi gulu kapena kampani yomwe yagona pa gudumu? Kodi ndi zotsatira za kuyang'anira kochepa, umbombo, kapena kusamvetsetsa? Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri pamene misika yachuma ikupita molakwika, yankho likhoza kukhala "zonse zomwe tafotokozazi."
Kumbukirani kuti msika womwe tikuwona lero ndi wopangidwa ndi msika wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo. Tiyeni tibwerere kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2001, pomwe mantha a zigawenga zapadziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa 11/1990 zidasokoneza chuma chomwe chidali chovuta kale chomwe chidayamba kutuluka kuchokera pakugwa kwachuma komwe kudachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX.
Zomwe zidayambitsa vuto la subprime mortgage
Mu 1971, chiwongola dzanja chinali chapakati pa 7%, kukwera pang'onopang'ono kufika 9,19% mu 1974. Iwo adamira mwachidule mpaka pakati pa 8% asanakwere kufika 11,20. 1979% mu XNUMX. Izi zinachitika panthawi ya kukwera kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali chinafika pachimake kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi zotsatira.
M’zaka zonse za m’ma XNUMX ndi m’ma XNUMX, dziko la United States linakankhidwira m’mavuto chifukwa cha chiletso cha mafuta cholimbana ndi dzikolo. Bungwe la Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) lidakhazikitsa zoletsa. Chimodzi mwa zotsatira zake chinali hyperinflation, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wa katundu ndi mautumiki unakula mofulumira kwambiri.
Pofuna kuthana ndi hyperinflation, Federal Reserve idakweza chiwongola dzanja chanthawi yayitali. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ndalama zamaakaunti osungira ndalama zikhale zochulukirapo. Kumbali ina, chiwongola dzanja chonse chinakwera, kotero kuti mtengo wobwereka unakulanso.
Chiwongoladzanja chinafika pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri yamakono mu 1981, pamene chiwerengero cha pachaka chinali 16,63%, malinga ndi deta ya Freddie Mac. Zaka za m'ma 10 inali nthawi yodula kwambiri kubwereka ndalama.
