KOKOA
He 66 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua hele lākou i waho, me ke koena o nā dinosaurs, ma hope o ka hopena o kahi meteorite i hoʻoulu ai ma mua o 75% o ke ola ma ka honua. Noho ʻo ia ma kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i kēia manawa, a mai ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo Edward Drinker Cope i ka mea hoʻohālike mua i ka makahiki 1892, ʻo kāna ʻano ʻino a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o kona anatomia e hoʻomau nei i nā ʻepekema ʻepekema.
A ʻo ka Tyrannosaurus Rex he mau lālā pōkole ʻē aʻe, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka neʻe ʻana a, me ke kānalua ʻole, 'aʻole kūpono' me ke koena o ke kino o kekahi o nā mea ʻaihue nui loa i hehi wāwae i ko kākou honua. Me kona ʻoi aku ma mua o 13 mau mika ka lōʻihi, kona iwi poʻo nui a me nā ʻauwae ikaika loa i loaʻa, ʻo ka T.
hiki iā rex ke nahu me ka ikaika a ka poʻe paleontologists i manaʻo ai ma waena o 20.000 a me 57.000 newtons. Pela no ka hana ana o ka Elepani ma ka honua ke noho ilalo. No ka hoʻohālikelike, lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka nahu o ke kanaka ma mua o 300 newtons.
No ke aha ia mau lima pōkole?
I kēia manawa, no ke aha i loaʻa ai i ka T. Rex nā lima liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi? No ka ʻoi aku o hoʻokahi haneli, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā wehewehe like ʻole (no ka male ʻana, e hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou pio, e hoʻi i nā holoholona a lākou i hoʻouka ai ...), akā no Kevin Padian, he paleontologist ma ke Kulanui o Berkeley, ma Kaleponi, ʻaʻohe mea. pololei o lakou.
Ma kahi ʻatikala hou i paʻi ʻia ma 'Acta Paleontologica Polonica', ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomau ʻo Padian e hoʻemi ʻia nā lima o T. rex i ka nui e pale aku i ka pōʻino hiki ʻole ke hana ʻia e ka nahu o kekahi o kā lākou congeners. ʻAʻole mālama ʻo Evolution i kekahi ʻano kino inā ʻaʻole no ke kumu maikaʻi. A ʻo Padian, i mea e nīnau ai i nā lālā pōkole o luna e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, e kālele ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pōmaikaʻi hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou no ka holoholona. I loko o kāna pepa, manaʻo ka mea noiʻi ua 'hōʻemi' nā lima o T. rex i mea e pale ai i ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana a i ʻole ka manaʻo ʻana i ka wā i lele ai kekahi pūʻulu tyrannosaurs i kahi kupapaʻu me ko lākou mau poʻo nui a me nā niho iwi.
He 13-mika T. rex, no ka laʻana, me ka iwi poʻo 1,5 mika ka lōʻihi, he mau lima ka lōʻihi ma mua o 90 kenimika. Inā mākou e hoʻopili i kēia mau ʻāpana i ke kanaka he 1,80 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i ana kona mau lima i 13 kenimika.
pale ana i ka nahu
“He aha ka hopena inā ʻākoakoa kekahi mau tyrannosaurs makua a puni kahi kupapaʻu? Kahaha ka Padian. E loaʻa iā mākou he mauna iwi poʻo nui, me nā ʻauwae a me nā niho e haehae a nau i ka ʻiʻo a me ka iwi ma kahi kokoke i kekahi. A pehea inā manaʻo kekahi o lākou ua kokoke loa kekahi? Hiki iā ia ke aʻo iā ia e haʻalele ma ka ʻoki ʻana i kona lima. No laila ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā lālā mua he pōmaikaʻi nui ia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana ʻia i ka predation. "
ʻO ka ʻeha koʻikoʻi ka hopena i ka nahu ʻana i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi, ke koko, ka haʻalulu, a me ka make. Ma kāna aʻo ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻo Padian, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lima o nā kūpuna o nā tyrannosaurs, a no laila ʻo kā lākou hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui ma muli o ke kumu kūpono. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i pili kēia hōʻemi iā T. rex wale nō, ka mea i noho ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, akā ʻo nā dinosaur carnivorous nui ʻē aʻe i noho ma ʻApelika, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia i nā wā Cretaceous like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi o lākou ma mua o ka Tyrannosaurus Rex.
Wahi a Padian, ʻo nā manaʻo āpau i hōʻike ʻia i kēia manawa "ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia a hiki ʻole paha no ka hiki ʻole ke hana. A ʻaʻohe kuhiakau e wehewehe i ke kumu e liʻiliʻi ai nā lima. I nā hihia āpau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hana i manaʻo ʻia inā ʻaʻole lākou i hōʻemi ʻia i ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou he mau mea kaua.
Huli lākou ma nā pūʻolo
ʻO ka manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia i kāna noiʻi ʻana ua loaʻa i ka mea noiʻi i ka wā i ʻike ai nā paleontologists ʻē aʻe i nā hōʻike ʻaʻole ʻo T.rex he mea hahai holoholona mehameha, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, akā ʻimi pinepine ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke.
Nui nā ʻike pūnaewele nui I nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, wehewehe ʻo Padian, hōʻike lākou i nā tyrannosaurs makua a me nā ʻōpio ma kahi ʻaoʻao. "ʻOiaʻiʻo - ua kuhikuhi ʻo ia - ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo ua noho pū lāua a i ʻole i ʻike pū ʻia. Ua ʻike wale mākou ua kanu pū ʻia lākou. Akā i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūnaewele he nui kahi e like ai ka mea like, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona. A ʻo ka mea hiki, i hāpai ʻia e nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻimi nei lākou i kahi hui.
Ma kāna aʻo ʻana, ua nānā ʻo Berkeley paleontologist a hoʻolei pākahi i nā hoʻonā i ka enigma i manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa. "Maʻalahi - wehewehe ʻo ia - pōkole loa nā lima. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopā kekahi i kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i ko lākou waha, a ua kaupalena ʻia ko lākou neʻe ʻana a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kikoo loa, i mua a i luna paha. ʻO ke poʻo nui a me ka ʻāʻī aia ma mua o lākou a hana i ke ʻano o ka mīkini make a mākou i ʻike ai ma Jurassic Park. " He iwakālua makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kālailai kekahi pūʻulu paleontologists i nā lima i kanu ʻia ma laila me ke kuhiakau hiki iā T. rex ke hāpai ma kahi o 181 kg me lākou. "Akā ʻo ka mea," wahi a Padians, "ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokokoke i kahi mea e kiʻi ai."
nā hoʻohālikelike o kēia manawa
He mau hoʻohālikelike ko Padian kuhiakau me kekahi mau holoholona maoli, e like me ke kanaka nunui Indonesian Komodo dragon, e hahai pū ana i nā pūʻulu a, ma hope o ka pepehi ʻana i ka mea pio, lele nā mea nui loa ma luna ona a waiho i nā koena no ka mea liʻiliʻi loa. . Ma ke kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no kekahi o nā ʻīlio e hoʻomau i nā ʻeha koʻikoʻi. A pēlā nō hoʻi i nā koʻa. No Padian, ua hiki ke pāʻani ʻia ke ʻano like me T. rex a me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o tyrannosaurs miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Akā naʻe, ua ʻae ʻo Padian ponoʻī ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻāʻo i kāna mau kuhiakau, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke ʻike i ka pilina inā nānā ʻo ia i nā kiʻi T. rex āpau ma nā hale hōʻikeʻike a puni ka honua no nā hōʻailona nahu. "ʻO nā ʻeha ʻeha i ka iwi poʻo a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka iwi - wehewehe ʻo ia - ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia i nā tyrannosaurs ʻē aʻe a me nā dinosaur carnivorous. Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka liʻiliʻi o nā hōʻailona nahu ma nā lālā ʻemi, he hōʻailona paha ia e kaupalena ʻia ka nui."
