Ma muli o ka helu ʻana o ka World Health Organization i ke kūlana monkey virus i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he pilikia olakino olakino, nui nā nīnau e kū mai. Ma waena o lākou inā hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi, pehea ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, ʻo wai ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a he aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana ʻia.
ka ʻohana puupuu liʻiliʻi
E hoʻomaka kākou ma ka hoʻomaka. No ka ʻohana like ka maʻi ʻino kanaka a me ka monkeypox, i kapa ʻia ʻo Poxviridae (genus Orthopox). Loaʻa iā ia nā maʻi poxvirus ʻē aʻe e like me Moluscum contagiosum, ka mea i hōʻeha i ka maʻi maʻalahi i nā keiki a me nā pākeke.
ʻO ka mea e hopohopo nei iā mākou i kēia manawa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka monkeypox virus (Monkeypox ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, MPX) no ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki 1958 i loko o nā monkey macaque i loko o kahi keʻena hana ma Copenhagen. Eia naʻe, hōʻike nā mea āpau i kona kumu i nā poxvirus ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili ai i nā rodents a me nā ruminants - he zoonosis -. He hopena ia ma nā ʻāina o Central a me West Africa a mai ka makahiki 1970 ʻaʻohe mea i hōʻike iā ia iho no ka manawa mua ma ke ʻano he kanaka ma ka Democratic Republic of Congo.
Mai ia manawa, ua noho ʻo ia i nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma 2003 ma Illinois (USA), me 71 mau hihia a ʻaʻohe make i hōʻike ʻia. Hana ʻia no ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai Nigeria mai kahi ʻiole maʻi i hoʻolaha i ka maʻi maʻi i nā ʻīlio prairie a mai laila i laha i ka heluna kanaka. I kēlā hihia, ua loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hoʻouna ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka.
He maʻalahi
He maʻalahi ka hele ʻana o ka monkeypox. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ʻo ia ka luhi, ka ʻeha o ka ʻiʻo, ka lymphadenopathy (nā ʻōpū pehu), ke kuni a me nā ʻili ʻili (exanthems), e hoʻopau ana i nā pustules, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ia mau mea. ʻO kahi pilikia e hiki ke hopena i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi e nā pathogens ʻē aʻe e like me ka bacteria.
ʻO ka nui o ka make mai ka monkeypox ma waena o 1 a me 11%. Haʻahaʻa loa i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ua piʻi i ka 30% no ka maʻi maʻi liʻiliʻi i pau. ʻO ke kūʻai aku, aia nā antivirals e like me Tecovirimat (ST-246) i kēia manawa, i ʻae ʻia e ka European Medicines Agency (EMA) a me ka American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi orthopoxvirus i nā kānaka.
Ua aʻo ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kumu hoʻohālike primate i kaupalena ʻole ʻia nā hopena ʻino. Mai ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻohana ʻia, me nā hopena maikaʻi, e mālama i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi o ka monkeypox. Hoʻopilikia ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi protein envelop virus i kapa ʻia ʻo p37, e pale ana i ka laha ʻana i nā cell ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai he mea maʻamau ka fermentation o ka papa kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka heluna kanaka i loaʻa mau ka poʻe maʻalahi. ʻOi aku hoʻi ka poʻe i nāwaliwali ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale: nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, nā mea lawe transplant a me nā poʻe immunosuppressed e ka maʻi AIDS. Akā ʻo ka poʻe maʻalahi hoʻi ma muli o kahi ʻano genetic (polymorphism) me ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana ʻana o kekahi ala nui o ka pane ʻana o ka pale, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau hihia koʻikoʻi o Covid-19.
Ma Sepania, e like me ka ʻikepili mai ka National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE), ma ʻAukake 12, ua hōʻike ʻia he 5.719 mau hihia i hōʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka US, kahi i piʻi ai nā maʻi i 9.491.
Ma muli o ke kūlana o kēia manawa ke manaʻo nei mākou he kī paʻa kēia e pili nui ana i nā kāne i moe me nā kāne. Akā ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, he maʻi ia e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kēlā me kēia kanaka no ka mea ʻaʻole ia i lawe ʻia e ka pilina pili kino, akā ma ka hoʻopili pū ʻana me nā maʻi ʻili a i ʻole nā wai kino, e like me nā kulu hanu. ʻOiai, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi paha, ma ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā lole a me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia. Ma muli o ka ʻikepili mai nā maʻi ma mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki ma lalo o 4 mau makahiki i ka 15% o ka make.
ʻO wai ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻo wai ʻaʻole?
I kēia manawa, pono e ʻimi i nā pilina pili āpau e hōʻemi i ka laha o ka maʻi. Hoʻopaʻa pū ia e pale i ka maʻi mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā holoholona i hana ʻia mai kahi waihona i mālama ʻole ʻia ma ke ʻano a kōkua i ko lākou hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi hou ma kahi ʻano hopena.
Ma muli o ka ʻōlelo ʻia ʻana ua pau ka maʻi maʻi liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki 1980, ua wehe ʻia ke kano mai ka alemanaka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana (1984 ma Sepania). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo 70% o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua ʻaʻole he hana. No ka mea, no ka ʻohana like nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole o ke kanaka a me ka monkeypox a no laila ua like loa lākou (96% homology), ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa no ka maʻi maʻi liʻiliʻi kanaka.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā maʻi maʻi attenuated akā hiki iā lākou ke hana hou - hoʻonui akā ma kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke lawelawe ʻia i nā poʻe immunosuppressed.
I kēia lā ua loaʻa iā mākou nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā maʻi ʻaʻole e hana hou a ʻo kekahi o lākou, ʻo MVA-BN, i hoʻomohala ʻia e Bavarian Nordic, ua ʻae ʻia i kēia manawa no ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka hoʻokele ʻana i 2 dosis. Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo ia e like me JYNNEOS, IMVAMUNE, IMVANEX a loaʻa i kahi maʻi i hoʻololi ʻia o ka maʻi i hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia ma Ankara, Turkey. I Iune 2022, ua hoʻouna ka European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) i 110.000 mau kano o ke kano.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka poʻe i pili kokoke i nā hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no ka mea ua launa pū lākou me kahi maʻi a i ʻole he mau limahana olakino lākou, me ka nānā ʻole i ka moe kolohe.
Ke manaʻo nei he lōʻihi ka manawa incubation o ka maʻi mai 5 a 21 mau lā, hiki i ka hoʻopili koke ʻana ke hāʻawi i ka pōmaikaʻi nui i nā poʻe maʻi a me ka immunocompromised. ʻOi aku ka nui ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke koʻikoʻi.
I ka pōkole, pono mākou e makaʻala a me ka manaʻo maikaʻi, no ka mea, ua loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono a me nā antivirals, a aia kahi protocol maopopo no ka hana.
NO KA MEA KAKAU
Narcisa Martinez Quiles
Ua paʻi mua ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma The Conversation.
