ʻO ka pollution kemika ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, akā hiki i kāna hoʻoweliweli a hiki i nā kihi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Ma waena o nā mea a pau, ʻo nā kahawai a me nā kaiaola wai ʻē aʻe ka mea maʻalahi loa. ʻO ka hana kanaka a me kāna ʻōpala e kānana maʻalahi i ke ʻano ma o nā ala like ʻole a hoʻopau i ke komo ʻana i nā kaiaola a hoʻoweliweli i ka nui o nā mea ola e noho ana i loko o lākou.
Nui nā loiloi wai e ʻike i nā mea haumia i loaʻa i nā muliwai Sepania, akā ʻo ka mea hou loa i lawe ʻia e ka CSIC, me ka hui pū ʻana me SeoBirdlife a me Ecoembes, nā mākaʻikaʻi i ke alo, ma mua o nā mea āpau, kahi antidepressant a me kahi insecticide (ka hiki mua mai. mai ka hana kanaka a me ka lua o ka mahiʻai) ma nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ko lākou waiwai kaiaola kiʻekiʻe.
Kūlana kēia mau mea ʻelua no ko lākou noho nui ʻana ma waena o nā ʻano mea haumia he 59 i puka mai ma 140 Important Bird and Biodiversity Conservation Areas (IBA). ʻO kēia ka hope loa o kāna mau wahi viola waiwai no ka mea e noho mau ana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻano manu like ʻole i manaʻo ʻia he mea nui no BirdLife.
ʻO nā wahi IBA i puka mai i loko o kēia haʻawina, ʻoi aku ka hopena o nā mea haumia i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻo Campiña de Carmona (Seville), nā Saladares de Guadalentín (Murcia) a me nā Hoces del Turia a me nā Serranos (Valencia).
ʻO ka pilikia nui loa no kēia mau parasites a me ko lākou ʻano olaola, ʻo ia ka pōʻino loa o kēia mau mea, ʻaʻole wale no ko lākou ʻawaʻawa a me nā hopena neurotoxic i nā meaola wai, nā manu a me nā mea momona, akā no ka mea he bioaccumulative lākou. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻomau lākou i ke kaiapuni i nā makahiki he nui no ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa lākou me ka paʻakikī nui.
Kūkulu, mahiʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa i loko o ka wai, ʻo ia ka venlafaxine (ka antidepressant i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei), carbamazepine (kahi antiepileptic i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi ʻeha nui) a me ka tramadol (he analgesic me nā opiates i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha nui). A ʻo ko lākou hele ʻana i loko o ka wai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻaʻole ia he anecdotal: aia lākou ma 84% o ka 411 i kālailai ʻia.
ʻO nā mea kaulana ʻē aʻe i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāina wai i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka caffeine a me ka nicotine, aia ma 76% o nā laʻana i kālai ʻia. Ua ukali ʻia kēia e nā pesticides, nā hui perfluorescent (nā ʻāpana o Gore-Tex®, Teflon, a i ʻole nā foa ahi, a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai a i ke kūkulu hale a me nā huahana hale) a me benzophenone (ka sunscreen i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā mea hoʻohui i ka ʻoihana plastik) .
Na María Dulsat-Masvidal, ka mea kākau mua o ka noiʻi a me ka mea noiʻi predoctoral ma IDAEA-CSIC, o nā mea a pau i haʻi ʻia, ʻo ka mea hopohopo loa "ʻo ka insecticide chlorpyrifos ma muli o kona hopena neurotoxic, ka venlafaxine antidepressant no ka mea e pili ana i nā meaola wai a laha nui ʻia i loko o nā wai. , a me ka hui perfluorinated PFOS me ka mana bioaccumulation kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻike ka poʻe noiʻi ma ka pepa ʻoiai ʻo ka mahiʻai a me ka hana kanaka ke kumu maʻamau o nā mea ʻawaʻawa, hele mai nō hoʻi lākou mai nā mea kanu hoʻōla wai ʻino.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo nā wahi IBA i loko o lākou iho he kiʻi palekana, hoʻomanaʻo nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi ʻo lākou ka kuhikuhi no ka koho ʻana i nā wahi i pale ʻia i loko o ka Natura 2000 Network.
