KOKOA
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ko mākou nahele kahi kumu waiwai nui, e like me ka mea mau. Mai ia manawa e ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou, no ka mea ke wehe nei nā ʻenehana hou i kahi ākea hou o nā mea hiki ke hoʻonui i nā kumu o ka ululāʻau a loaʻa i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohui ʻia e hui pū me nā hoʻomaikaʻi kuʻuna. Me kēia, hiki i nā ululāʻau ke lilo i mau māmā maoli a me ke kaiapuni, e hāʻawi i ke ola i nā kaiāulu kūloko a kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka heluna kanaka.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau no ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā lako, nā mea kākau a me ka pepa pahu, ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā sets, ecotourism ... nā hana hou. No ka laʻana, ua loaʻa mua iā ia ka lāʻau translucent i hiki ke lilo i moho e pani i ke aniani a me ka plastic a i ʻole nā lāʻau kūpaʻa e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale papa nui.
ʻO nā lole e like me ka lyocell, e like me ka viscose, mai ka eucalyptus a me ka birch fibers, i hana ʻia e nā nunui nui o ke ʻano e like me Inditex a me H&M. Me ka ʻōpala mai nā kaʻina hana lāʻau like ʻole, e hoʻohua ia i kahi biomass e hāʻawi i ka wela i nā kaiāulu ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale o ka honua. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka nanocellulose māmā e hōʻoia iā ia iho ma nā kino kaʻa. He hui Kepani kona, ʻo Sumitomo Forestry me ka hui pū ʻana me ke Kulanui ʻo Kyoto, e hoʻomohala ana i nā mea e lilo i mau ukali lāʻau mua o ka honua. ʻAʻole hoʻi e haʻi ʻia i ka hoʻopukapuka maikaʻi ʻana o nā ululāʻau e like me ke kohu kalapona no nā ʻoihana nui e pono e hoʻemi i kā lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kinoea hoʻomehana honua.
Hiki
Me he mea lā ʻaʻole pau ka manaʻo o ka wā e hiki mai ana o kā mākou nahele. "Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hiki o ka ululāʻau ma Sepania e pālua a ʻekolu paha i ka ʻoihana a me ka hana a ko mākou ululāʻau i kēia manawa," wahi a Jesús Martínez, he ʻenekinia ulu lāʻau ma ka FMC forestry engineering consultancy. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ululāʻau ma mua o ka hapalua o ka ʻili o ko mākou ʻāina. ʻOi aku, 55%, e like me ka National Forest Inventory. A ʻo ka wahi ulu lāʻau kokoke i kahi hapakolu o kā mākou ʻāina (29%).
ʻO ka hapakolu o ka ʻili o ko mākou ʻāina kona mau wahi ulu lāʻau
He wahi hoʻomaka maikaʻi e hoʻomohala i nā manawa ʻoihana hou i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka bioeconomy nahele, "e ho'āʻo nei e waiwai a hāʻawi i ka ʻike i nā kumuwaiwai e hiki mai ana mai nā ululāʻau e hoʻololi i kahi kumu hoʻokele waiwai hoʻomau," wehewehe ʻo Carmen Avilés. Hui ma ke Kulanui Politeknik o Madrid. Ke komo pū nei kēia hui me nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā ʻoihana i ka Urban Forest Economy Laboratory (Urban Forest Innovation Lab). ʻO kā mākou mau kumu ulu lāʻau, pono mākou e ho'āʻo e kūkulu i kahi hoʻokele waiwai kūloko i ulana ʻia a puni nā ululāʻau o Cuenca, kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale ʻEulopa me ka nui o ka ululāʻau: 55.000 mau ʻeka i hoʻopilikia ʻia me nā kumulāʻau. "Ma o nā mea a kēia mau ululāʻau e hoʻopuka ai, ʻo nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e pono ai i kekahi manawa ke noiʻi hou a hoʻolaha ʻia ka prototyping. Hana ʻia kēia i loko o ka hale hana o ka Polytechnic University of Madrid a ma ke Kulanui o Castilla-La Mancha, "wahi a ke kauka.
No laila, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me ka ʻoihana lāʻau Spanish kuʻuna nui, no ka mea, ua ulu ka lole hou o nā ʻoihana hou a puni ka ululāʻau, kahi e hui pū ai nā ʻenehana a me nā kikowaena noiʻi. "I kēia manawa e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā a me nā hoʻohana hou a me nā lawelawe e hiki ai ke mālama ʻia nā ululāʻau ma ke ʻano hoʻomau. He mea maikaʻi kēia laina hou o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumulāʻau ululāʻau no ka mea e ʻae mākou i nā huahana waiwai nui a mālama i nā ululāʻau", wahi a Francisco Dans, ka luna o ka Galician Forestry Association. ʻO ia kekahi o nā hui e hui pū i ka Confederation of Associations of Foresters of Spain (COSE). “He ʻelua miliona mau mea nona ka nahele. Ma kahi o 60% wale nō o ka ʻāina ululāʻau he pilikino", hoʻohui ʻo ia.
Nā noi hou
ʻO ka lāʻau ke kahawai komo nui o ka nahele. Hiki ke hoʻomau, hiki ke hana hou a biodegradable. “He kumu waiwai ia. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea āpau mai ka lāʻau", waiwai ʻo Dans. Kekahi mea i holomua nui ai. Hoʻokomo ʻia "he mau huahana kuʻuna i ʻoi aku ka holomua me nā ʻenehana hou, e like me ka cross-laminated material (CLT) e hiki ai ke hana i nā panela, nā ʻili, nā paia, nā pā… a pēlā e kūkulu ai i nā hale he nui. Ma mua, ua kaupalena ʻia ka lāʻau i nā hale ʻohana hoʻokahi, nā hale kīwila a me nā hale ʻoihana", wehewehe ʻo Jesús Martínez. ʻO kahi mea ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau me kahi kapuaʻi kalapona haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kaila o kēia manawa.
ʻO ka biomass o ka ululāʻau ponoʻī (nā lālā, ke ʻoki ʻana, nā lāʻau lahilahi), nā pellets (koena o ka sawdust agglomerated) a me nā koena o nā kaʻina hoʻololi lāʻau e hāʻawi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikehu hou, me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela a me ka uila i ka uila biomass waena. "No ka laʻana, ma o ka pyrolysis, hoʻololi ʻia ka biomass i biochar, kahi biochar me nā noi he nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kahawai a i ʻole ka puka o ka hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, "wahi a Juan Pedro Majada, ka luna o ka Asturias Wood Forest Technology Center. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia e like me ke ʻano o ka mea kanu kūlohelohe e hoʻihoʻi i ka lepo i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka nele o nā meaʻai.
Ma Sepania, ʻelua miliona mau mea nona ka ululāʻau
ʻO kahi e loaʻa ai ka hoʻomohala nui ma ka unuhi ʻana i nā mea kemika mai nā kumu ulu lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ma hope i nā hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. "Ma nā biorefineries, ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ka pulp cellulose a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā pellets, loaʻa nā huahana i hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā meaʻai ...", e hōʻike ana iā Majada. "Aia kahi hoʻomohala ikaika loa o ka ʻoihana kemika e pili ana i nā fila lāʻau e hoʻololi i nā mea ʻili a me ka ʻaila," wahi a Dans.
Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo ka resin ka mea, i waena o kāna mau hoʻohana he nui, i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā solvents maoli, lacquers, glues, adhesives, glues, dyes, varnishes, ʻoiai i ka chewing gum. ʻO ka lignin hoʻi, ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka paʻa i nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o nā lole, e hui pū me nā plastics a loaʻa nā huahana paʻa hou aʻe, ma nā papahele, nā lako… ", hoʻohui ʻo Martínez.
hoʻoholomua
Ua kāhea ʻia ka nanocellulose māmā e hoʻololi nui i ka ʻoihana. Lawe ʻia ia mai ka cellulose o ka lāʻau. He māmā, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē a biodegradable. "He nui ka helu o nā noi e noiʻi ʻia nei me kēia mea. No nā pale kelepona a me ke kīwī maʻalahi, no nā lako, no ka hana kino o ke kaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā kinoea, bandage a me nā puʻuwai puʻuwai.
Aia ka 'boom' ma ka mākeke kalapona. Hoʻoponopono ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau iā C02. ʻO ia ke kumu e kūʻai ai nā hui nui a me nā liʻiliʻi i nā kuleana hoʻokuʻu mai nā mea nona nā ululāʻau, kahi ala e hoʻopau ai i kā lākou kapuaʻi kalapona ke hiki ʻole iā lākou ke hoʻemi hou i kā lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kinoea. Aia kekahi "ʻoihana hoʻolimalima a me nā hui nui i hana i ka ʻenekinia no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻāina e ulu ai nā ululāʻau," wahi a Majada, e like me nā mahiʻai haʻalele, ʻāina mahiʻai kahiko, nā wahi i puhi ʻia ...
ʻO nā ululāʻau kahi manawa kūpono ʻole e poina, no ka mea, inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kēia mau kaiaola, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hana ʻia nā hana e pono ai ke olakino (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ululāʻau), nalowale lākou. "ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i nā wahi me ka mana nui e hōʻiliʻili i ka biomass ma nā mauna e hoʻoulu ai i ke ahi," wahi a Dans. Akā, he hopena nō hoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau. "ʻO ka piʻiʻana o nā mahana a me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka māheleʻana o ke aupuni ua hoʻonāwaliwali i nā kumulāʻau." No laila pono e hoʻokō i nā hana ulu lāʻau kūpono, mai ka ʻoki ʻana i nā kumu lāʻau maikaʻi ʻole a hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano genetically i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e pale aku i nā maʻi a hoʻololi iā lākou i ke aniau o kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana.
