He aha kā Neanderthal i ʻai ai? Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia poʻe ʻEulopa i pau i ka ʻai ʻai kūpono. Ma nā ʻāina anu loa, ua ʻai lākou i nā mammoths, rhinoceroses, bufalo a me nā reindeer, kahi i hoʻohui i ko lākou inoa pono ʻole ʻia no ke ʻano ʻino a me ka pupule. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i pili i kēia mau hominid e noho ana ma ka peninsula he ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe, me ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā iʻa, mussels, crustaceans a me nā ʻano kai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka noiʻi hou i paʻi ʻia i kēia Pōʻakahi ma ka puke ʻepekema ʻepekema Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) hoʻohui i kahi mokuna hou i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i nā leʻaleʻa culinary o Neanderthals. Ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me kahi ʻano hou o ka molar o kahi kanaka i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele Gabasa (Huesca), ua hoʻoholo ka hui, kahi i komo ai nā mea noiʻi Sepania, ʻo ka Neanderthals o Huesca ka nui o ka carnivorous, "ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻīlio hae. lynxes a me nā alopeke", hōʻoia i kēia nūpepa ʻo Klervia Jaouen, mai ka Toulouse Geosciences and Environment Laboratory (GET-CNRS) a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ka noiʻi. No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūlana o ke kanaka i loko o ke kaulahao meaʻai, pono nā kānaka ʻepekema a hiki i kēia manawa ke unuhi i nā protein a nānā i nā isotopes nitrogen i loko o ka iwi collagen. Eia naʻe, e hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma nā temperates a me nā laʻana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50.000 mau makahiki. Ke hoʻokō ʻole ʻia kēia mau kūlana, paʻakikī loa ka ʻike ʻana o ka isotope nitrogen, a hiki ʻole paha. ʻO kēia ka hihia o ka molar mai ke kahua ʻo Gabasa ma Huesca. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kona mau makahiki, akā ʻo nā papa ma lalo he 150.000 mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe Neanderthals a me sapiens: aia ka wahine, akā ke aloha liʻiliʻi ʻo Javier Baena Preysler maʻamau ʻaʻohe makana no ka Nobel no ka lāʻau lapaʻau no Svante Pääbo, ke kanaka nāna i haʻi mai iā mākou ʻo mākou nō ʻo Neanderthals Judith de Jorge Hāʻawi ʻia i kēia mau palena, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Jaouen a me kāna mau hoa. e kālailai i ka nui o nā isotopes zinc i loko o ka enamel niho, he mineral kū i nā ʻano ʻino a pau. ʻOiai ka nui o nā isotopes zinc i loko o nā kemika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea kino. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā iwi mai nā holoholona mai ka manawa like a me ka ʻāpana ʻāina, me nā carnivores e like me nā lynxes a me nā ʻīlio hae, a me nā herbivores e like me nā rapeti a me nā chamois. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hualoaʻa, ʻo ka Neanderthal nona kēia niho, he kanaka ʻelemakule i ʻike ʻia ka wahine, ʻo ia paha ka mea ʻai kino loa. Ua ʻai ʻo ia i ka iwi iwi ʻO nā iwi haʻihaʻi i loaʻa ma ke kahua, me ka ʻike isotopic, e hōʻike ana ua ʻai pū kēia kanaka i ka iwi iwi o kāna mea pio, me ka ʻai ʻole ʻana i nā iwi, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea ʻike kemika ua haʻi ʻia ʻo ia ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki. Hōʻike pū ʻia nā loiloi ua make paha ka Neanderthal, no nā kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia, ma kahi hoʻokahi āna i noho ai i kona wā kamaliʻi. Ua ʻai ka Gabasa Neanderthal i ka dia, nā lio a me nā lapiti. "Ke hōʻike nei kā mākou noiʻi ʻana ʻo Neanderthals ka mea nui i nā carnivores. ʻO ka lakio o nā isotopes zinc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i ʻai pinepine ʻia. Inā ʻai nā Neanderthals i nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike iā ia, "wahi a ka mea noiʻi. ʻO ka hoʻoholo piha ʻana he omnivorous kēia ʻano mea "paʻakikī no ka mea he mea hou kā mākou tracker. Ke hana nei au i kēia manawa i kahi papahana nui e kōkua ana i ka ʻike inā hiki i ka ʻai ʻana i kekahi mau mea kanu ke wehewehe i kā mākou nānā ʻana ma Gabasa, "wahi a ka mea kākau. Mai ka mea a lākou i ʻike ai i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka mea ʻai kino loa. Eia nō naʻe, "Ua hiki iaʻu ke hoʻokō: he haʻahaʻa loa nā hua i ka zinc, no laila inā ua ʻai nā Neanderthal iā lākou i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu e hiki iā mākou ke ʻike." No ka hōʻoia ʻana i kēia mau manaʻo, manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema e hana hou i ka hoʻokolohua me nā poʻe mai nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Payre, ma ka hema hikina o Farani, i hiki ke hana hou i ka noiʻi. He wahi hopu holoholona No Marina Lozano, ka mea noiʻi ma ka Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES) a me ke kumu aʻoaʻo ma ke Kulanui ʻo Rovira i Virgili, "ʻo ka mea kaulana loa e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala ʻo ia ke ʻano hana hou. E like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe kākau, ʻo nā loiloi isotope paʻa i loko o ka iwi collagen he mau palena (e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hale ʻaina, hiki ke hoʻohaumia ...). No laila, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka enamel niho, i mālama maikaʻi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO Lozano, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kēia haʻawina, he ʻike nui i ka nānā ʻana i nā niho Neanderthal. "ʻO nā hopena i loaʻa he mea hoihoi i ka laina me nā haʻawina isotopic ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai i nā heluna Neanderthal āpau me kahi meaʻai carnivorous. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ua loiloi ʻia ke kanaka a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā hopena i nā Neanderthal āpau. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ua ola kēia mau hominid i kahi manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o 200.000 mau makahiki, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai nā ʻano like ʻole o ke aniau, me nā loli o ke kaiapuni, nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i pili i kēia. E ʻike ua hoʻololi lākou i kā lākou meaʻai i nā wā anuanu a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi. "No laila, he mea kupanaha ka mahi ʻana o ke kanaka ma kahi noho mauna i ka ʻai ʻai kino." NUI NUI NUI ʻAʻohe Monkey i iho mai nā kumulāʻau i ka honua ma muli o ka nūhou e pili ana i ke aniau ʻAʻole ʻO ka ʻoki ʻoki mua ʻana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka: ka wāwae o kahi keiki, 31.000 mau makahiki i hala Ua loaʻa nā koena o 5 Neanderthals ma Gabasa. "He wahi hahai holoholona ia, ʻaʻole lākou i noho ma laila," wehewehe ʻo Pilar Utrilla, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka pūnaewele a me ke kaukaʻi emeritus ma ke Kulanui o Zaragoza. Ua hahai nā kānaka i nā dia a me nā lio i ke kauwela. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia no ka mea, ʻo nā iwi me nā kiʻi ʻaʻa mai nā ʻano keiki pēpē i hānau ʻia i ka puna. Ma hope iho, ʻo kā lākou mea pio a i ʻole nā mea a nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe i ʻimi ai e lawe iā lākou i kahi ʻē aʻe kahi i noho ai ko lākou ʻohana, "wahi a ka mea noiʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kākau o ka noiʻi. I loko o ke kīʻaha, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o 80 carnivorous specimens, me nā iwi, nā moa, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio hae, me ka helu liʻiliʻi o 475 herbivores.
