Aia mākou i loko o ka mint he aha ke aniani. Ma ke kula mākou i aʻo ai, mai nā ʻāpana kō a hiki i nā daimana, ua like kēia mau mea i ka hoʻonohonoho like ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o kā lākou mau ʻātoma, e hana ana i kahi ʻano e hana hou ana i ka lewa, e hoʻāla ai i ko lākou ʻano nani a maʻamau. I ka wā o kahi papa ma Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kahi i manaʻo ai ʻo Professor Frank Wilczek, ka Nobel Prize in Physics: pehea inā he mau 'crystals manawa' nona ka hale, ma kahi o ka hana hou ʻana iā ia iho i ka lewa, ua hana hou i ka manawa?
ʻO kēia kuhiakau 'exotic' i kanu ʻia i ka makahiki 2012 i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika i loko o ke kaiāulu ʻepekema no nā makahiki. Inā hiki, hiki i kēia ʻano aniani ke mālama i kona kūpaʻa akā, i ka manawa like, hoʻololi pū i kona ʻano aniani i kēlā me kēia manawa; Ua hoʻoholo ʻia inā e nānā mākou iā lākou i nā manawa like ʻole, pono mākou e ʻike ʻaʻole like ko lākou ʻano (ma ka lewa) i nā manawa a pau, aia ma ke ʻano o ka neʻe mau loa, ʻoiai i kahi kūlana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka ʻāina.
Hoʻopilikia pololei kēia mau mea i nā kānāwai o ka thermodynamics. A ʻaʻole paʻa kēia mau kristal a ʻaʻole wai a i ʻole kinoea. ʻAʻole hiki i ka plasma -ionized gas-. He kūlana ʻokoʻa ia o ka mea.
Ma hope o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika i kapa ʻia ʻo Wilczek me kahi pupule, i ka makahiki 2016 ua hiki i kahi hui ke hōʻike i ka hiki ke hana i nā kristal manawa, kahi mea i hoʻokō ʻia i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope. Mai ia manawa, ua lilo kēia kahua o ka physics i kahua hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa e hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mea āpau mai ka ʻenehana quantum a hiki i ke kelepona, ma o ka mining a i ʻole ka ʻike maoli o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi pilikia: ʻike wale kēia mau kristal i nā kūlana kūikawā. Ma nā huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi, ua hoʻohana nā ʻepekema ʻo Bose-Einstein magnon quasiparticle condensates, kahi kūlana o ka mea i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomaha ʻia ai nā ʻāpana, i kapa ʻia nā bosons, a kokoke kokoke i ka ʻole (-273,15 degere Celsius a i ʻole -460 degere Fahrenheit). Pono kēia i nā mea hana maʻalahi a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻalele i nā laboratories a me nā keʻena vacuum, no ka mea, ʻo ka launa pū ʻana me ke kaiapuni o waho e hiki ʻole ai ke hana.
A hiki i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻokō kekahi hui mai ke Kulanui o Kaleponi Riverside i ka hana ʻana i nā kristal manawa optical i hiki ke hana ʻia ma ka lumi wela, e like me ka wehewehe ʻana ma kahi haʻawina ma ka puke pai 'Nature Communications'. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua lawe ʻia kahi micro-resonator liʻiliʻi - kahi disc i hana ʻia me ke aniani fluoride magnesium o hoʻokahi millimeter wale nō ke anawaena i komo i ka resonance i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā nalu o kekahi mau alapine. A laila hoʻopā lākou i kēia micro-resonator optical me nā kukui mai ʻelua lasers.
ʻO nā piko subharmonic
ʻO ka subharmonic spikes (solitons), a i ʻole nā leo alapine ma waena o nā kukuna laser ʻelua, e hōʻike ana i ka haki ʻana o ka symmetry manawa a pēlā i hana ai i nā kristal manawa. Hoʻokumu ka ʻōnaehana i ka pahele lattice rotating no nā solitons optical kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai ko lākou periodicity a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i ka manawa.
No ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana ma ka lumi wela, e hoʻohana ka hui i ka poloka autoinjector, kahi ʻenehana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mālama ʻana o ka laser saline i kahi alapine optical. ʻO ia ke ʻano hiki ke lawe ʻia ka ʻōnaehana mai ka lab a hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi kahua, kikoʻī no ke ana ʻana i ka manawa, hoʻohui i nā kamepiula quantum, a i ʻole ke aʻo ʻana i ka mokuʻāina ponoʻī.
"I kou hoʻokolohua'ōnaehana i ka ikehu hoololi me kona puni, dissipation a me ka walaau hana lima ma ka lima e luku aku temporal kauoha," Hossein Taheri, Marlan a me Rosemary Bourns polopeka o ka uila a me ka lolouila 'enekinia ma ka UC Riverside a me ke alakaʻi kumu o ka noiʻi. "Ma kā mākou kahua paʻi kiʻi, hoʻopaʻa ka ʻōnaehana i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka loaʻa a me ka nalowale e hana a mālama i nā kristal manawa."
