Leta mai Plonsk, he kūlanakauhale ma ka ʻākau o Polani, Mei 30, 1812: “E Pāpā, e ʻike koke wau iā ʻoe i loko o ka hale ʻaina, e heluhelu nui ana i nā palapala e loaʻa ai nā hana nui o ka 'Grande Armée'. E ʻoliʻoli ʻoe i koʻu lanakila ʻana a e ʻōlelo ʻoe: Aia kaʻu keiki ma laila. ʻAʻole e haʻalele ke Akua iaʻu a e kiaʻi ʻo ia iaʻu i waena o nā puʻupuʻu huluhulu e haehae ana i koʻu umauma, akā mai hopohopo, ʻaʻole e lōʻihi ke kaua. He kaua maikaʻi a ke hele nei mākou i St. Petersburg. "E noʻonoʻo ʻoe ma kahi o ke kanahā kaukani Pole a ka ʻEmepera i manaʻo ai e hele mai ʻo ia i ʻaneʻi, aia hoʻi he hoʻokahi haneli tausani i haʻalele i ko lākou home e lawelawe."
ʻAʻole i emi iho ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o ka holo ʻana o nā regimen mua a Napoliona i ka muliwai ʻo Niemen a ʻo Fauvel, he koa nāna i helu i ka 615.000 i komo i kēlā hoʻokūkū nui, ua hoʻāʻo e hōʻoluʻolu i kahi ʻohana mile ka mamao. He luna ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻike ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻi i ka home, ʻaʻole hoʻi e pūliki hou i kona mau mākua a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia ma kekahi puke moʻolelo. Inā hiki iā ia ke ʻike i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua makemake ʻo ia e pepehi koke ʻia, ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā ʻeha lohi o nā huakaʻi luhi, hoʻomāinoino, kaua, maʻi a me ke anuanu. Ua kōkua kona naʻaupō i ka piʻi ʻana o kona ʻuhane. "E komo mākou i Rūsia a pono mākou e hakakā liʻiliʻi e hoʻomau i ke ala a hoʻomau me ka mālie," kākau pū kekahi grenadier i kapa ʻia ʻo Delvau me ka hilinaʻi i kona ʻohana.
Ua hānai maikaʻi ʻia, he papahele wela, a ua kauoha ʻia e kekahi Napoleona makahiki he 42 makahiki ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa. I loko o nā makahiki he umi i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i nā ʻano hana hoʻohiwahiwa o ka pūʻali koa ma Italia, Farani a me ʻAigupita, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia ma Notre Dame a hoʻomau i kāna mau lanakila kupaianaha ma Austerlitz, Jena a me Friedland. I ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1812, ua lanakila ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa mai ka ʻAkelanika a hiki i ka muliwai Niemen... akā ma waho o kēlā, ʻaʻohe mea. Ua kūʻē ʻo ia i ka ʻāina ākea o Rusia, e hele koke ana e lanakila a hoʻonui i kona aupuni i Asia.
No ka nui loa o kona pūʻali koa, ʻewalu lā i hala i ka hopena o Iune e ʻaʻa i ka muliwai. Aia nā Italia, Poles, Pukiki, Bavarians, Croatians, Dalmatians, Danes, Dutch, Neapolitans, Germans, Saxons, Swiss... I ka huina, iwakālua mau lāhui, kēlā me kēia me kona lole a me kāna mau mele. ʻO ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ka hapa ʻekolu. Mai ka wā o Xerxes i ʻike ʻia ai ka ikaika nui. He kūlanakauhale huakaʻi nui ia i ʻai nui i ka meaʻai a luku i nā mea āpau ma kona ala.
ʻO kahi hanana mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Napoleona Lūkini, i pena ʻia e Philippoteaux ARMY MUSEUM
kanakolu tausani kaa
Ua ukali ʻia kēlā me kēia māhele e kahi kolamu lako ʻeono mile me nā holoholona, nā kaʻa i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka palaoa, nā mea hana hale i hana i nā umu, nā kahu ʻai, nā ʻōmole waina he iwakāluakūmāwalu miliona, hoʻokahi tausani pūkuniahi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻa me nā mea kaua. ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa, nā mea lawe kau, nā halemai koko a me nā mea hana e kūkulu i nā alahaka. Loaʻa i nā aliʻi ko lākou kaʻa ponoʻī a i kekahi manawa hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau kaʻa e lawe i nā moena, nā puke a me nā palapala ʻāina. He kanakolu tausani kaa a me kanalima tausani lio.
I ka pōkole: he pūʻali hoʻomau ʻole ia a ua hele ʻo Bonaparte i ka huakaʻi no kekahi mau pule i ka wā i ʻike ai kona mau kānaka ua lanakila wale ʻo ia i ka hakahaka. ʻO ka hoʻolālā akamai a Tsar Alexander I no ka hoʻi ʻana a me ka honua wela, ʻo ia ka mea i koi ʻia ka poʻe Corsica e alualu i nā mile a me nā mile, me ka manaʻo ʻole, e ʻimi i ke kaua hoʻoholo, ʻaʻohe mea. I kona hiki ʻana i kauhale, ʻike ʻo ia ua pau i ke ahi, ʻaʻohe kamaʻāina a me nā meaʻai i kanu ʻia.
Ma ka la 7, ua loaa iaia ka hakaka koko i kali loihi ia ma Borodino, kahi i oki ai kona kauka lapaau i elua haneri mau lala me ke kokua wale o ka napkin a me ka inu koke i ka lama. He 44.000 ka poino o na Rusia a he 33.000 ka poe Farani. Ma ka helu helu, ua lanakila ʻo Farani, akā, ua manaʻo ʻo Napoliona he hāʻule i ka mea eo i ka lotuse o kona mau pūkaua.
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Napoleona iā Rusia i ka makahiki 1812
Ma ka la 24 o Iune, 1812, ka Puali Koa Nui o Napoliona he 615.000 kanaka.
Hoʻomaka lākou i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke aupuni Lūkini. O ka huina o na koa i haalele, wale no
emi iho malalo o ka iwakalua pakeneka i hoi mai. Ka lanakila o Rusia ma luna o ka pūʻali koa
ʻO Paniolo ka wahi hoʻololi o nā kaua Napoleonic
Kaʻapuni hoʻihoʻi pūʻali koa
Palani i Prussia
Kaapuni o na koa
mai Napoleona a i Moscow
MOSEKOW
(Sepatemaba 14/
ʻOkakopa 19)
Maloyaroslavets
(ʻOkakopa 24)
Puna: hana pono'ī /
P. SANCHEZ / ABC
Ka hoʻouka kaua
napoleonic o
Rusia o 1812
Ma ka la 24 o Iune, 1812, ka Puali Koa Nui o
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Napoleon e 615.000 mau kānaka,
Hoʻomaka lākou i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke aupuni Lūkini.
O ka huina o na koa i haalele, wale no
emi iho malalo o ka iwakalua i hoi mai
pākēneka. Ka lanakila o Rusia ma luna o ka pūʻali koa
ʻO ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ka huli ʻana
Kaua Napoleona
Kaʻapuni hoʻihoʻi pūʻali koa
Palani i Prussia
Kaapuni o na koa
mai Napoleona a i Moscow
MOSEKOW
(Sepatemaba 14/ʻOkakopa 19)
Maloyaroslavets
(ʻOkakopa 24)
Puna: hana pono'ī /
P. SANCHEZ / ABC
ʻO ka hope, ma Moscow
Ma ka auina la o ka la Sabati, Sepatemaba 14, ua hiki mai ka 'Puali Nui' i waho o Moscow a ua pilikia ka Emepera ma ka puu no ka nana ana i ka mea nana. “Eia ka hope! "Ua hiki mai ka manawa," wahi āna. He mea liʻiliʻi naʻe ka hauʻoli iā ia i kona ʻike ʻana ʻaʻohe mea i puka mai e hoʻokipa iā ia me nā kī o ke kūlanakauhale ma luna o kahi ʻūlū vevelvet. ʻO 250.000 mau kānaka, he 15.000 wale nō, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe noi a me nā lawehala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ke tsar a paʻa i ka pauda e puhi i nā hale. "Ke hele nei mākou ma waena o nā pā e ʻā ana," i kanikau ai kekahi koa Napoliona.
I kēia lā hoʻokahi, e kuhikuhi ʻo Brigadier General Jean Louis Chrétien Carrière i kāna leka mai Moscow i ke ʻano o Napoleon, ka mea i hoʻopaneʻe i kona hoʻi ʻana no hoʻokahi mahina, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ke Tsar e hele mai e noi iā ia e kūkākūkā i ka maluhia. "E kaʻu wahine aloha, ua noho mākou ma ke kūlana hoʻokahi no nā lā ʻewalu. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia mākou a ua anuanu loa ke kau. “E paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo.” Akā, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻo Alexander I i nā hōʻailona o ke ola a e hoʻi paha ka emepera huhū i Paris ma ʻOkakopa 19, me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mahana.
I kēlā lā hoʻokahi, ua aʻo aku kekahi limahana o ke kaona ʻo Lamy i kona mau mākua ua pau ka ʻāina a hiki i Smolensk i ke ahi a "e make nā lio i ka pōloli." Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻaoʻao weliweli loa, nona nā hōʻike weliweli loa ma nā palapala ʻāina o ka 90.000 mau koa hele wāwae e ola nei a me 15.000 mau koa lio, me kā lākou ʻumi kaukani kaʻa meaʻai no nā lā he iwakālua.
E moe iā lākou a ʻoki i ko lākou ʻāʻī
Ma ka lā 6 o Nowemapa, ua emi ka ana wela i ka 22° ma lalo o ka ʻole a ʻaʻole lawa nā neufs ʻili hipa. Eia kekahi, ua kauoha ʻia ka poʻe mahiʻai e hāʻawi i ka malu i ka poʻe hoʻouka a me nā serviles me ka nui o ka brandy, e ʻoki i ko lākou ʻāʻī i ka wā e hiamoe ai. Ua ʻike kekahi kanaka Pelekane ʻo Kutuzov i "he kanaono kanaka ʻōlohelohe a me ka make, e kau ana ko lākou ʻāʻī ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau, a ua hahau ʻia e nā Lūkini me ka lāʻau e haki ai ko lākou poʻo i ko lākou hīmeni ʻana."
ʻO ka hakakā ʻana i ka ʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi malu ka mea nui i kēia manawa. I ke ahiahi, hoʻopau nā kāne i nā lio make e komo i loko a mehana. Ua ʻai kekahi poʻe i ke koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a i ka make ʻana o kekahi hoa, lawe lākou i kona mau kāmaʻa a me kāna meaʻai liʻiliʻi i loko o kāna ʻeke. “Ke iho nei ke aloha i lalo o ko mākou puʻuwai no ke anu. Ua ʻike nā koa he nui nā meaʻai ma ka hema a me ka ʻākau o ke alanui, akā ua hōʻole ʻia lākou e nā Cossacks, ka mea i ʻike ʻo ka mea wale nō kā lākou e hana ai, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā General Winter i ka pepehi ʻana," i kākau ai kekahi koa.
ʻO nā kānaka 96.000 i pakele i ke kaua ʻo Maloyaroslavets ma ʻOkakopa 24, ʻo 50.000 wale nō i komo i Smolensk i ʻeiwa mau lā ma hope, a ʻo ia ka hapalua o ke ala hoʻi. Ua hāʻule ka mahana i 30° ma lalo o ka zero a ua pā nā pū i nā lima. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kenerala Pelekane ʻo Robert Wilson e pili ana i "nā tausani i nalowale, ʻaʻole e make, ʻai kanaka, a me nā iwi o ʻumi tausani lio i ʻoki ʻia i ʻāpana ma mua o ka make ʻana." "I ka haʻalele ʻana i kēia kūlanakauhale," i hoʻohui ai ʻo Kāpena Rodent i kahi leka ʻē aʻe, "ua noho ka lehulehu o ka poʻe hau i nā alanui. Nui ka poʻe i moe i hiki iā lākou ke hau. Hele kekahi ma luna o lākou me nā manaʻo lethargic.
ʻO ka ʻaila ma ka canvas i hana ʻia e ka mea pena ʻo Adolph Northen, ma kāna kiʻi pena i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Napoleon's Retreat from Russia'
"Hoʻopunipuni iaʻu"
Ua nalowale ka lōkahi a me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i loko o ka pūʻali koa ma ke ala i Vilnius. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua haʻalele ʻo Napoliona i kona mau koa ma Smorgon e hoʻi koke i Paris a kūkulu i aupuni hou e hoʻopau i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni e ulana ʻia nei ma hope ona. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia i kāna kaʻa me ka wikiwiki loa i ka lā 5 o Dekemaba, a ʻoiai e haʻalulu ana i ke anu ma ke ala, ua haʻi ʻo ia iā General Armand de Caulaincourt: "Ua hewa wau ʻaʻole e haʻalele iā Moscow i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ke komo ʻana. Manaʻo e hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻikahi a ke kakali nei nā Lūkini. "Ua hoʻopunipuni lākou iaʻu a ua hoʻopunipuni wau iaʻu iho."
No na kanaka eono haneri tausani i hele ma kela aoao o Niemen i ka mahina o Iune, he mau kakini wale no na mile i puka mai iwaho o Rusia e ola ana i Dekemaba. Ma lalo o iwakālua pakeneka. Ua kali nā mākua o Fauvel i kā lāua keiki no nā mahina, a i ka mahina o Mei i loaʻa ai iā lāua kahi leka i pūlima ʻia e Lutanela Joseph Lemaire: “E ka haku, he hanohano iaʻu e hoʻolaha aku ua lawe pio ʻia ʻoe i ka lā 25 o Dekemaba me kāu keiki. Me ke kaumaha nō hoʻi ke haʻi aku nei au iā ʻoe i koʻu ʻike ʻana iā ia e make ana ma hope oʻu. Ua hopu mua ʻo Lutanela Colpin i kona keʻa a me kēia kiʻi āna i hoʻouna aku ai iā lākou.
