ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā kanakolu no ka hōʻike ʻana iā lākou iho e kūʻē i ke alakaʻi politika o ka USSR. I ka wā interwar, ka piʻi ʻana o ka Nazism a me ka hakakā nui o ʻEulopa i ka ʻāina kahiko, ua hoʻohui ka Bea Lūkini nui i kahi hoʻopaʻi Stalinist nui i iho i ka mōʻaukala e like me ka Great Purge. A i ʻole Great Terror, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea kākau moʻolelo Pelekane ʻo Robert Conquest ke kaua kūʻē i nā ʻuhane kūʻē e ka dictator ʻulaʻula koko ʻo Joseph Stalin. 'Ōlelo nā helu no lākou iho: ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona a me ka hapa ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā Gulags he nui e ka NKVD, ka People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs. A o lakou, 750.000 i pau i ka pepehiia. ʻAʻohe mea liʻiliʻi e hōʻoia i ka Great Purge i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka hoa kiʻekiʻe. A, ʻoiai naʻe, ke ʻike ʻia nei nā ʻōpala e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka manaʻo o Stalin i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka USSR o nā hoa paio. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hōʻike hou loa e kahi hui honua o nā geneticists mai ke Kulanui Lapaʻau Pomeranian. Ua hōʻoia ka poʻe loea, ma o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka DNA analysis, ka ʻike o ʻekolu Georgians i loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i kahi monastery ma Batumi, ma ke komohana hema o ka ʻāina. ʻO lākou a pau, nā mea i loaʻa i ka Terror Nui o nā makahiki kanakolu. ʻO ka ʻumi ʻumi o nā hōʻike o ka pupule o ka Politburo, akā he mea nui i ka pae ʻepekema a me ka mōʻaukala. ʻO Stalin, i ka wā o kāna mau haʻiʻōlelo ABC ʻO ke aʻo ʻana, i hana ʻia e kahi hui nui o nā ʻepekema mai nā kulanui like ʻole, ua hoʻomaka me ka ʻike ʻana i nā koena o nā mea i loaʻa i ka Great Purge i loko o ka monastery i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. E aʻo ka poʻe loea i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka DNA o ka mea i make mai kā lākou iwi iwi a e paipai ʻia e hana hou i kā lākou mau moʻo. He hana paʻakikī, akā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui ka ʻike ʻana i kona ʻano e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka maluhia i kāna mau mamo. "Ua koho ʻia kahi hui o nā poʻe i hiki ke kanu ʻia ma laila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili mōʻaukala Georgian a me ʻAmelika a me ka noiʻi anthropological ma ke ʻano he kumu," i wehewehe ai ʻo Andrzej Ossowski, ke poʻo o ke Keʻena ʻo Forensic Medicine ma ke Kulanui Lapaʻau Pomeranian. "Ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā hale ʻaina i ʻike ʻia a ʻaʻole i ʻae nā laʻana iā mākou e kiʻi i nā profile genetic maikaʻi loa," i ʻōlelo ʻo Ossowski iā 'Science in Poland'. ʻO kēia kaʻina mua e ukali ʻia e ke kaʻina o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea genetic comparative mai nā ʻohana i ʻōlelo ʻia o ka poʻe i hoʻopōʻino ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o nā huaʻōlelo, he laina pololei ko lākou me ka helu pau ʻole o nā moho. A hoʻokahi wale nō ala e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka mea ʻike ʻole: ma muli o nā hoʻokolohua a me nā hoʻokolohua hou aku. Ua uku ʻia ka hana a, i ka hopena, hōʻike i ka ʻike o ka poʻe i hōʻeha a loaʻa i ko lākou ʻohana. He hana i hana maikaʻi ʻia e hōʻike ana, no ka ʻumi ʻumi o ka manawa, i ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana o ka pupule o Comrade Stalin. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui e like me ka hau hau, ʻo ka piko o ka Stalinist repression he mea ʻai liʻiliʻi wale nō ia o ka nui o nā make. Mai ka makahiki 1930, wehe ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Great Purge a i ʻole ʻo Stalin's Great Terror. He mau haneli o nā lālā o ka Soviet Communist Party, socialists, anarchists, a me nā hoa paio i hoʻomāinoino ʻia, hoʻāʻo ʻia, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻopaʻahao ʻia, a pepehi ʻia paha i loko o nā kahua hoʻomoana gulag. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea a pau iā Stalin i mea e hoʻohui ai i kona mana a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka Trotskyist a me Leninist kuʻekuʻe mai nā kino Soviet āpau. ʻO nā lālā ʻeono o ka Politburo mua (ke kino aupuni kiʻekiʻe loa), ʻo Stalin wale nō i ola i kona ala ʻana, ʻoiai ʻehā i pepehi ʻia a pepehi ʻia ʻo Trotsky, i lawe pio ʻia ma Mekiko i ka makahiki 1940. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo nā ʻelele 1.966 i ka 1934th Congress of the Communist Party i mālama ʻia i ka makahiki 1.108, XNUMX i hopu ʻia a hoʻopaʻahao ʻia no ka pepehi ʻia ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā hihia. ʻElua mau hoa o ka ʻOkakopa Revolution, ʻo Stalin lāua ʻo Lenin i ka makahiki 1917 ABC Ua hoʻopilikia pū kēia kulekele gulag i ka Red Army. ʻEkolu o ka ʻelima quarterbacks; 13 o 15 mau luna koa; 8 o na Adimarala 9; 50 o na Kenela he 57 o ka puali koa; 154 o na Generala nui 186; Ua hoʻokolokolo ʻia a hoʻopaʻi ʻia nā komisina a pau o ka pūʻali a me 25 o nā 28 o ka pūʻali koa, o ka Soviet Union no nā kumu politika. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka mana hana o ka Pūʻali Koa no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ideological i mua o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. ʻO nā alakaʻi manatic, akā ʻike ʻole. E like me ka Great Purge, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Stalin i kāna hoʻolālā e hoʻololi iā Rūsia mai kahi ʻāina mahiʻai i kahi ʻoihana ʻenehana, hiki ke kū i nā koi ʻenehana o ke Kaua Honua II a laila ke Kaua Cold. ʻO nā hoʻolālā ʻelima mau makahiki o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka USSR ua hopena i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka peso, ma ke kumu kūʻai o kahi mōhai koʻikoʻi o Lives. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻole ʻana o ka hana mahiʻai i hoʻokumu ʻia, i kāna hana mua, he wī nui ma ka ʻāina Soviet ma waena o 1932 a me 1933. ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i make no Ukrainian kumu. ʻAʻole makehewa, ʻo ka mea kākau moʻolelo Pelekane ʻo Robert Conquest i ao aku, i loko o kāna puke 'The harvest of pain: Soviet collectivization and the wi o ka weliweli', ʻo ia, inā hoʻonui ʻia ka hāpana mai 1930 a 1937, piʻi ka poʻe mahiʻai make i ʻumikumamākahi miliona Ukrainian Genocide. Hoʻokahi miliona poʻe Kazakh e ʻeha i kēia wī no ka mea ua hoʻonele ʻia lākou a hoʻonele ʻia i kā lākou holoholona; ʻoiai, ua pilikia ka palena ʻo Ukrainian i ka nalowale o ka ʻai. No ka hoʻokau ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka mahiʻai ma kēia ʻāina, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Stalin i kahi kaua maoli e kūʻē i nā 'kulaks', nā mea mahiʻai, no laila ua luku ʻia ka wī i ka poʻe kuaʻāina a laha i nā kūlanakauhale. Ke hana nei nā mākaʻi malu i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai huna mai ka poʻe mahiʻai. He mau haneli kaukani o Ukrainians i hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā papahana colonization ma Siberia, ʻoiai e ʻike ana i nā kūlana o ka cannibalism i waena o ka poʻe i koi e noho ma ka ʻāina o ko lākou mau mākua. "I kēlā me kēia pō, lawe mai lākou ma kahi o 250 mau kupapaʻu, a ma waena o lākou he helu kiʻekiʻe loa ʻaʻole he ate. Ua wehe ʻia ka ʻoki ma kahi ʻoki ākea loa. Ua mālama ka mākaʻi i kekahi mau 'amputators' nāna i haʻi me kēlā ʻiʻo ua hana lākou i mea pani no ka pirozki (dumplings) i kūʻai koke ʻia ma ka mākeke", ua hoʻopaʻa mua ke kanikela haole i nā kiʻi o ka weliweli i hahai kekahi i kekahi ma Kharkiv . I ka hiki ʻana o ka 'Holodomor' i kona kiʻekiʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia he 25.000 mau kānaka e make ana i kēlā me kēia lā ma Ukraine. ʻAʻole i hōʻike hope ʻia ke ʻano o nā koa o ka Spanish Tercios: "He mau pikemen ʻeleʻele hoʻi" Manuel P. Hōʻike ʻo Villatoro Juan Víctor Carboneras ma ABC i ke kiʻi robot o ka poʻe hakakā o ka Golden Age ma o kahi palapala i loaʻa ma ka General Archive of Simancas I nā make āpau i hoʻokō pololei ʻia e nā kauoha a Stalin, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohui i nā mea i loaʻa mai ke Kaua Honua II. Ma keia paio ana, ua lanakila o Stalin i ka hui kuikahi me Nazi Kelemania i ka hoomaka ana o ke kaua a hiki i ka paio koko ana i na koa Kelemania, a hiki i ka lawe pio ana o ka Soviet o Berlin, ua make he 8,5 miliona mau koa a me 17 miliona makaainana, a me ka poho. o 30% o ka waiwai maoli o ka USSR holoʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻololi ka dictator i nā mea kaua maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kāna mau kānaka me ka nui o nā mea kaua: ʻo ka lehulehu pau ʻole o nā koa kāna waiwai maikaʻi loa i ke kaua. Akā, ʻaʻole ola ʻo Stalinism ma ka pepehi wale ʻana i nā Lūkini. Ma waena o 1940 a me 1941, 170.000 mau kānaka o nā ʻāina Baltic i holo i nā kahua hoʻomoana Soviet. A, i nā makahiki i hala, ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a hiki i ka 10% o ka heluna o nā repubalika Baltic mua, ma kahi o 250.000 mau kānaka, me nā poʻe lawelawe kīwila a me nā poʻe naʻauao. Pēlā nō, ua hoʻomaka ka pepehi kanaka ʻo Katyn i ka makahiki 1940 i ka wehe ʻana o ka hale aupuni Polani holoʻokoʻa.
