José Miguel Barjola.- "Ayyukan tattalin arziki yana buƙatar, sama da duka, tabbacin doka [...]. Amma wasu hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli sun haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a shari’a, maimakon tabbatar da doka, kan batun riba,” in ji Ignacio Pla, babban sakatare na kungiyar Kamfanoni na Kudade (ASNEF). "Muna da tabbacin cewa ilimin kudi wani mataki ne da ya dace da kuma aiki mai wuyar gaske, wanda zai taimaka wa mabukaci don yanke shawara mai kyau, saboda haka kuma, mabukaci bashi ba wani hadadden tsarin kudi ba ne," in ji masanin, a taron na biyu da aka shirya. tsakanin ASNEF da Wolters Kluwer (duba cikakken bidiyo na ranar a wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa) a cikin tsarin sake zagayowar tarurruka don yin magana game da gaskiya da ilimin kudi.
"Ma'auni mai ban mamaki" na Kotun Koli ta Farko yana wakiltar "mataki zuwa rashin tsaro na doka", saboda yana ƙoƙari ya "yi amfani da kara daga 1908 zuwa kayayyakin kudi na karni na 25", wanda aka nuna a lokacin jawabinsa Francisco Javier Orduña, Farfesa. na Law Civil daga Jami'ar Valencia kuma tsohon majistare na Kotun Koli ta Farko. Kotun Koli ta fitar da muhimman hukunce-hukunce kan jujjuya lamurra a ranar 2015 ga Nuwamba, 4 da Maris 2020, XNUMX. (gaba ɗaya) na ƙwararrun masana da suka halarci taron, rashin tabbas na shari'a mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin shari'a. A wurin malaman fikihu, majalisar ta samar da ra’ayoyi da suka yi taurin kai wajen kafa akidar da ta dace da sauran kotuna kan mene ne riba.
Ga Orduña, Dokar Azcárate, wadda ta yi aiki fiye da shekaru ɗari, kayan aiki ne na rashin daidaituwa kuma mara inganci don ayyana halaccin wani abu a matsayin na yanzu a matsayin kiredit mai juyawa. Da yawa idan an yi shi bisa irin waɗannan buɗaɗɗen ra'ayoyin doka. Zai haifar da "babban rashin tsaro", inda ake fassara shi zuwa ƙara girman rashin daidaituwar ka'idojin shari'a. Ra'ayoyi kamar "sha'awa musamman sama da kuɗin yau da kullun", ma'auni da Kotun Koli ta ƙirƙira a cikin 2020, yana da shakku sosai. Suna haifar da shakku, rudani, yuwuwar fassara. A ƙarshe: ƙarin ƙararraki.
Amma nisa daga sanannen imani da munanan latsawa, don Francisco Javier Orduña ƙididdige ƙididdiga na samfuran kuɗaɗen sa "daidai ne kuma suna ƙarfafawa." Yana da fa'ida, saboda muna ba da layin bashi mai sauri, mai sauƙi da sassauƙa. "Suna da aikin samun sulhu cikin gaggawa, wanda abu ne mai matukar amfani ga al'umma a tattalin arzikin da ake ciki yanzu," in ji shi. Tabbas, a ra'ayinsa, yana da mahimmanci "cewa a tallata su ta hanyoyin da suka dace." Matsayin ilimin kuɗi, kamar yadda Ignacio Pla ya haskaka, yana da mahimmanci. "A nan na kama ku kuma a nan na kashe ku ba shi da amfani [...] Mutumin da ke sayar da waɗannan samfurori dole ne ya sami horo na musamman kuma ya san abin da suke sayarwa," Orduña ya jaddada. Masanin ya dasa shi a matsayin abin tausayi: sanya kansa a cikin takalmin abokin ciniki kuma ya tambayi kansa: "Idan ina da wannan bayanin, zan yi hayar?".
A kowane hali, yuwuwar iyakance manufar riba dole ne a yi shi a matakin majalisa. Kada a taɓa cikin tsarin shari'a, ƙasa kaɗan a cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan. A cikin ra'ayi na tsohon alkalin kotun, madaidaicin kewayon zai zama wanda koyaushe yana ba da izinin "gasar banki."
Bayyanawa
"Ba tare da bayyana gaskiya ba kuma ba tare da tabbacin doka ba, kasuwa ba za ta iya aiki da kyau ba," Ignacio Redondo, babban darektan sashen ba da shawara kan shari'a na Caixabank da lauyan gwamnati, ya jaddada nan da nan. A cikin jawabinsa, ya bayyana cewa ya samu ci gaba sosai ta fuskar tabbatar da gaskiya a tsarin hada-hadar kudi. Ƙungiyoyin banki suna ƙara fahimtar manufar samar da ƙarin bayani ga abokan ciniki, Redondo ya shaida. Dokokin suna buƙatar wannan: dole ne bankuna su bayyana a sarari yayin sanar da samfuran "wanda abokin ciniki ba zai iya sani sosai ba".
Koyaya, dangane da tabbacin doka, a maimakon haka "an sami ɗan ci gaba kaɗan." Ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ta hanyar shari'a, wanda aka yarda da Orduña, matsala ce. A ra'ayinsa, wannan hanya na iya haifar da tashin hankali a kasuwa da kuma iyakance ayyukan ƙungiyoyi, kuma sama da duka, rashin tsaro mai girma. Yana da ma'ana cewa akwai mafi ƙarancin ƙa'ida, in ji shi, amma aƙalla an tabbatar da shi kuma an daidaita shi. "Abin da ke da ma'ana shi ne cewa za a daidaita shi a matakin Turai," in ji shi, tun da "kasuwar ba za ta iya dogara da kishin kasa na majalisa ba ko kuma yankunan shari'a".
A nasa bangaren, Jesús Sánchez, shugaban kungiyar Bar Association (ICAB) da kuma lauya mai aiki, ya bayyana panorama na "mosaic na shari'a". Watakila da alama kotuna ke fassara hukuncin 2020 na Kotun Koli kuma ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna. Ya yarda cewa kudurin "baya taimakawa tabbatar da doka." "Yana da tsada sosai don kafa fayyace sigogi," in ji shi. Barin ma'anar ma'anoni kaɗan waɗanda ba su da madaidaici kuma buɗe don tafsiri da kafa shinge zai zama mafita. Bayan ma'anar a matsayin "bambanci na wannan girman" ko "bambanci wanda ake iya yarda da shi", sharuddan da ke haifar da ƙorafi na shari'a.
Sakamakon amfani da irin wannan nau'in ma'anar, Sánchez ya koka da shi, "wani sabani ne na shari'a." Misali, yayin da a kotunan Cantabria ana karɓar riba sama da kashi 10 a matsayin mafi girma, a Badajoz an yarda da kashi 15. A Oviedo, a daya bangaren, akwai wani ma'auni. "Kai ne gaskiya bazawara, mu ga wanda ya fi bayarwa," in ji shi.
A kasashe irin su Faransa, har yanzu akwai kashi 30 cikin dari. Wani abu mai karbuwa, a ra'ayin Sánchez. A Spain babu wani takunkumi ba tare da ka'ida ba. Koyarwar ta yanzu tana buƙatar "bayani", ya buƙaci lauya: "ko dai Majalisar farko ta Kotun Koli ta gyara halin da ake ciki ko kuma dan majalisa yana da alhakin yin aiki", in ji shi. Tsunami na buƙatun yana ƙaruwa kuma tare da shi rashin daidaituwa na ma'auni. Sánchez ya ba da tabbacin cewa a wasu lokuta "har ma suna kai karar kudin ruwa kasa da matsakaicin kima", saboda akwai ra'ayi gaba daya cewa duk abin da ya wuce kashi 20 na riba ne. Amma shugaban ICAB ya yi gargadin cewa wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. "Abin da Kotun Koli ba ta taɓa faɗi ba," in ji shi.
Kuna iya samun damar cikakken ɗaukar ranar ta wannan hanyar haɗin yanar gizon.
