A duniya baki daya, an kaddamar da tseren kimiyya don cimma ingantacciyar hanyar samar da hydrogen wanda zai iya baiwa manyan 'yan takara farashi kadan kuma Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Lausanne (EPFL), a Switzerland, ta yi imanin mazaunin ya sami ingantaccen kayan daga abin da ya dace. don samun man fetur mai daraja: bawon ayaba.
Tsarin sinadaran da ake buƙata shima sananne ne a gare mu, pyrolysis, hanya ɗaya ta tsaftace yawancin tanda na gida na gida, yin hanyar samun damar kusan kowane tattalin arziki kuma a kusan kowane matakin fasaha. Abin da masu binciken na EPFL suka tsara shine tsari na rarrabuwar kawuna mai sauri ta hanyar amfani da hasken walƙiya don canza busassun foda, irin su bawon ayaba, zuwa gas da daskararru masu mahimmanci, gami da hydrogen da biochar.
Tsarin yana aiki ta hanyar dumama kwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin walƙiya na tsananin farin haske don raba kwayoyin zuwa ƙananan gaseous da ƙwararrun kwayoyin. Hubert Girault na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Swiss da ke Lausanne ya bayyana cewa fitulun xenon suna samar da farin haske mai haske wanda ya yi kama da hasken rana kuma yana ba da damar yanayin zafi ya wuce 1.000 ° C na 'yan millise seconds.
Bawon ayaba yana ƙunshe da yawan carbon, hydrogen, da oxygen a cikin sigar carbohydrates, ruwa, da furotin. Pre-bushe a 105 ° C na tsawon sa'o'i 24 don cire danshi kafin bushewa da sieving don ƙirƙirar foda mai kyau.
Sannan, a cikin dakika 14,5 kawai, fallasa hasken fitilar xenon zai samar da lita 100 na hydrogen, tare da carbon monoxide, da wasu nau'ikan hydrocarbons mai nauyi, da 330 g na ingantacciyar biochar a kowace kilogiram na bawon ayaba.
Girault ya bayyana cewa, idan aka yi amfani da bawon ayaba a duniya wajen samar da hydrogen ta hanyar photopyrolysis, abin da ake samarwa a shekara zai kai kiloton 40, wato samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 300 a duk shekara, irin wadannan nau'ikan hydrogen electrolysers na kasuwanci suna da karfi sosai. ko da akwai yau.
Ya kamata a kara da cewa ba wai ayaba kadai ke ba da wannan yuwuwar juzu'i ba; Har ila yau, tsarin yana aiki akan masara, bawon lemu, wake kofi da bawon kwakwa, tare da yuwuwar yin wasu abubuwa da yawa ciki har da sharar masana'antu.
Darajar sharar gida
Ƙungiyar Girault ta kasance a can kuma sakamakon farko mai kyau na gwaje-gwajen da ke raba roba da sakamakon dafa abinci. Ioanna Dimitriou, kwararre a fannin canjin yanayin yanayin zafi da sharar jiki a jami'ar Nottingham da ke kasar Burtaniya ta ce "wannan sabuwar hanya ce ta thermochemical don samar da hydrogen daga sharar kwayoyin halitta, ba tare da bukatar samar da karin zafi ga injin din ba. kamar yadda yake a cikin pyrolysis na al'ada, wanda zai iya haɓaka farashi da haɓakar iskar gas". Ya kara da cewa "Har ila yau, tana samar da albarkatu mai yawa na biochar, a halin yanzu abin da aka yi alkawarin magance fa'idojin yanayi," in ji shi.
Binciken EPFL, da zarar an kai ga wannan batu, ya mayar da hankali kan magance babbar matsalar da aka gano a cikin tsari, wanda kuma shine ƙananan fitilu na xenon.
"Tsarin mu na baya-bayan nan game da haɓaka masana'antu ta hanyar amfani da fitilun xenon, amma binciken ilimi ne wanda ke nuna cewa yana da ban sha'awa a haɗa daukar hoto tare da sinadarai masu zafi, kuma muyi imani cewa gaba yana cikin daukar hoto na hasken rana," in ji Girault.
Dimitriou ya kara da cewa, yayin da ake gudanar da ayyukan, an gano cikakken nazarin yanayin rayuwa da kimanta tattalin arziki, tare da kara yin nazari kan fa'idojin muhalli da tattalin arziki na wannan fasaha. "Abin da ya bayyana a fili shi ne cewa ta hanyar samun fitilar walƙiya, ana iya yin amfani da sunadarai masu zafi ba tare da buƙatar injiniyoyi masu tsada ba," in ji shi.
An yi wahayi zuwa ga EFFL don haɓaka wannan fasaha ta hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su wajen magance tawada don bugu na lantarki.
An ƙarfafa haɓakar binciken ta hanyar cewa tsarin a kaikaice yana ɗaukar ajiyar CO2 daga yanayin. Ana amfani da hydrogen da aka samu don samun wutar lantarki, sannan kuma, ƙarin hydrogen, wanda ke farawa sarkar samar da makamashi mai dogaro da kanta, mai sabuntawa kuma ba ta da lahani ga muhalli, wanda ake ƙara biochar, daga cikin amfanin ta kuma ya bambanta da taki. .
