Wasika daga Plonsk, wani birni da ke arewacin Poland, 30 ga Mayu, 1812: “Baba, ba da daɗewa ba zan gan ka a wurin shan magani, kana karanta ƙwazo da ƙwazo da za su ƙunshi manyan ayyuka na ‘Grande Armée’. Za ku yi murna da nasarata, ku ce, 'Ɗana yana can.' Allah ba zai yashe ni ba, ya tsare ni a cikin ɗumbin ɓangarorin da za su yaga ƙirjina, amma kada ka damu yaƙin ba zai daɗe ba. Yayi kyau kuma muna kan hanyar St. Petersburg. Ka yi tunanin cewa maimakon Poleka dubu arba'in da sarki ya yi tsammani zai zo nan, akwai dubu ɗari da suka bar gidansu don yin hidima.
Yayin da ya rage kasa da wata guda sai rundunonin sojan Napoleon na farko suka haye kogin Neman, Fauvel, wani sojan da ya kirga mutane 615.000 da suka shiga cikin wannan cin zarafi na mammoth, ya yi kokarin kwantar da hankalin wani dangi mai nisa. Wani jami'in da ba a san shi ba wanda, duk da haka, bai san cewa ba zai koma gida ba, kuma ba zai sake rungumar iyayensa ba kuma, ba shakka, ba za a ambata a cikin kowane littafin tarihi ba. Idan da ya iya ganin gaba, tabbas da ya gwammace ko da a kashe shi a baya, maimakon ya sha wannan azabar a hankali na tattaki masu gajiyarwa, azabtarwa, kame-kame, cuta da tsananin sanyi. Jahilcinsa ya taimaka masa ya dawwama. "Za mu shiga Rasha kuma za mu ɗan yi faɗa don buɗe hanya kuma mu ci gaba da natsuwa," wani mai gurneti mai suna Delvau shi ma ya rubuta wa iyalinsa da ƙarfin gwiwa.
Har yanzu ana ciyar da ita sosai, tana da bene mai zafi, kuma wani Napoleon mai shekaru 42 ne ya umarce shi da bai yi kyau sosai ba. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ya yi jerin gwano masu kayatarwa na soja a Italiya, Faransa, da Masar, an yi masa rawani a Notre Dame, kuma ya ci gaba da cin nasara mai ban mamaki a Austerlitz, Jena, da Friedland. A lokacin rani na 1812, ta mallaki dukan nahiyar daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa Kogin Niemen… amma bayan wannan, babu komai. Ya yi tsayin daka da babban yankin Rasha, ba da daɗewa ba ya tashi don cin nasara tare da faɗaɗa mulkinsa zuwa Asiya.
Sojojinsa suna da girma har ya kwashe kwanaki takwas a karshen watan Yuni ya tsallaka kogin. Akwai 'yan Italiya, Poles, Fotigal, Bavaria, Croatians, Dalmatians, Danes, Dutch, Nepolitans, Jamus, Saxon, Swiss ... gabaɗaya, ƙasashe ashirin, kowannensu yana da rigarsa da waƙoƙinsa. Turanci su ne kashi na uku. Ba tun zamanin Xerxes ba a sami irin wannan gagarumin ƙarfi ba. Wani katon birni ne mai balaguro wanda ya cinye abinci da yawa kuma ya lalata duk abin da ke hanyarsa.
Wani labari daga yaƙin neman zaɓe na Napoleon na Rasha, wanda Philippoteaux ARMY MUSEUM ya zana
motoci dubu talatin
Kowacce sashe ya biyo bayan sahu mai tsawon kilomita goma tare da shanu, da karusai da alkama, da makera, da tanda, da masu tuya, da kwalaben giya miliyan ashirin da takwas, da magudanai dubu, da kekunan harsasai har sau uku. Haka kuma motocin daukar marasa lafiya, masu dauke da gadoji, asibitocin jini da tawagogin kafa gadoji. Hakiman suna da abin hawan nasu da wani lokacin guda ɗaya ko biyu wasu keken keke don ɗaukar kayan kwanciya, littattafai, da taswira. Jimlarsu kuwa motoci dubu talatin ne da dawakai dubu hamsin.
A takaice: sojojin da ba za a iya tsayawa ba ne kuma Bonaparte ya kasance a cikin tafiya na makonni da yawa lokacin da mutanensa suka gane cewa ya ci nasara kawai. Tsar Alexander I's haziƙi dabarun ja da baya da ƙuna ƙasa ya tilasta wa Corsican ya bi tsawon mil da mil, da matsananciyar neman yaƙi, amma ba komai. Duk lokacin da ya isa wani kauye, sai ya tarar an kone shi, babu mazauna, kuma an binne abincin.
A rana ta 7 a karshe ya yi arangama da aka dade ana jira kuma na zubar da jini a Borodino, inda likitan tiyatar nasa ya yanke mambobi dari biyu tare da taimakon riga kafi da kuma shan giya da sauri. Rashawa sun sami raunuka 44.000 yayin da Faransawa 33.000. Ta fuskar ilmin lissafi, Faransa ta yi nasara, amma Napoleon ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin karo ga wanda ya yi rashin nasara ga kuri'a na janar-janar.
Napoleon mamayewa na Rasha a 1812
Ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1812, Rundunar Sojojin Napoleon, ta ƙunshi mutane 615.000.
Suna kai farmakin daular Rasha. A cikin jimillar sojojin da suka tafi, kawai
kasa da kashi ashirin ya dawo. Nasarar Rasha akan sojojin
Spain ita ce jujjuyawar yakin Napoleon
hanyar janye sojoji
Faransanci zuwa Prussia
rangadin sojojin
daga Napoleon zuwa Moscow
MOSCOW
(Satumba 14/
Oktoba 19)
maloyaroslavets
(Oktoba 24)
Source: kai /
P. SANCHEZ / ABC
Mamayewa
Napoleonic na
Rasha 1812
Ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1812, Babban Rundunar Soja ta
Napoleon ya ƙunshi mutane 615.000.
Suna kai farmakin daular Rasha.
A cikin jimillar sojojin da suka tafi, kawai
kasa da ashirin suka dawo
kashi dari. Nasarar Rasha akan sojojin
turanci shine juyi
Yakin Napoleon
hanyar janye sojoji
Faransanci zuwa Prussia
rangadin sojojin
daga Napoleon zuwa Moscow
MOSCOW
(Satumba 14/Oktoba 19)
maloyaroslavets
(Oktoba 24)
Source: kai /
P. SANCHEZ / ABC
A karshe a Moscow
Da yammacin ranar Lahadi 14 ga watan Satumba ne 'Babban Sojoji' suka zo wajen birnin Moscow kuma sarki ya sha wahala a kan tudu don kallon kallon. “Ga shi, a ƙarshe! Lokaci ya yi," in ji shi. Farin ciki kuwa, ya ɗan bayyana a gare shi, a lokacin da ya gane cewa babu wanda ya fito ya tarbe shi da makullin birnin a kan matashin ƙarami. A cikin mazauna 250.000, 15.000 ne kawai, yawancin mabarata da masu laifi da sarkin ya saki tare da dauke da foda don cinnawa gine-gine wuta. "Mun yi tafiya tsakanin bangon da ke kona," in ji wani sojan Napoleon.
A wannan rana, Birgediya Janar Jean Louis Chrétien Carrière zai yi ishara a cikin wasikunsa daga Moscow game da halin Napoleon, wanda ya jinkirta dawowar sa na tsawon wata guda, yana da yakinin cewa Tsar zai bayyana yana neman ya yi sulhu. “Matata kyakkyawa, mun kwana takwas muna matsayi ɗaya. An tsare mu kuma lokacin ya riga ya yi sanyi sosai. Winter zai yi wuya." Amma Alexander I bai ba da alamar rayuwa ba kuma sarkin da ke cike da takaici zai yiwu ya koma Paris a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, tare da yanayin zafi.
A wannan ranar, wani ma’aikacin kwamishina mai suna Lamy ya gargaɗi iyayensa cewa an kona dukan ƙasar har zuwa Smolensk kuma “dawakan za su ji yunwa.” Bangaren da ya fi muni ya fara, wanda ya riga ya sami shaida mafi ban tsoro a taswirorin runduna 90.000 da sojojin dawakai 15.000 da suka tsira, tare da karusai dubu goma na abinci na kwana ashirin.
Ku kwana su kuma yanke makogwaronsu
A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya ragu zuwa 22° ƙasa da sifili kuma neufskin fatar tumaki bai isa ba. Mazaunan, haka kuma, sun sami odar ba da mafaka ga maharan da masu yi masa hidima da yawa, don tsaga makogwaronsu idan sun yi barci. Wani dan kasar Ingila da ya kalli Kutuzov ya ga “maza sittin tsirara kuma suna mutuwa, wuyoyinsu sun jingina da wata bishiya, wadanda ‘yan Rashan suka lakada masa sanda domin karya kawunansu yayin da suke waka.
Gwagwarmayar cin abinci da samun matsuguni yanzu shine kawai abin da ya dace. Da magariba, mutanen suka kori matattun dawakan don su shiga ciki su ji dumi. Wasu kuma suka shanye jinin da yake daskare, da zarar wani sahabi ya rasu, sai suka kwashe takalminsa da dan abincin da yake da shi a cikin jakarsa. “Tausayi yana sauka a kasan zukatanmu saboda sanyi. Sojojin sun san cewa akwai wadataccen abinci a hagu da dama na hanya, amma Cossack sun ƙi su, sun san cewa abin da za su yi shi ne barin Janar Winter ya yi kisan,” wani soja ya rubuta.
Daga cikin mutane 96.000 da suka tsira daga yakin Maloyaroslavets a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 50.000 ne kawai suka shiga Smolensk bayan kwana tara, kuma rabin hanyar dawowa ne. Zazzabi ya faɗi ƙasa 30° ƙasa da sifili kuma musket ɗin sun bugi hannaye. Janar Robert Wilson na Burtaniya ya yi magana game da "dubban batattu, da ke mutuwa tsirara, masu cin naman mutane da kwarangwal na dawakai dubu goma da aka sare guntuwa kafin su mutu." "Lokacin da barin wannan birni - Kyaftin Rodent ya kara da cewa a wata wasika -, babban taron mutane masu daskarewa sun kasance a kan tituna. Da yawa sun kwanta don su daskare. Mutum yana tafiya a kansu da rashin jin daɗi”.
Mai a kan zane na mai zane Adolph Northen, a cikin zanensa mai suna 'Napoleon's Retreat from Russia'
"Kai min wauta"
Hadin kai da horo a cikin sojojin sun ɓace akan hanyar zuwa Vilnius. A gaskiya ma, Napoleon ya watsar da sojojinsa a Smorgon don komawa Paris da wuri-wuri kuma ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati don dakatar da juyin mulkin da aka yi a bayansa. Jirgin nasa ya tashi da sauri a ranar 5 ga Disamba, kuma yayin da yake rawar jiki a kan hanya, ya shaida wa Janar Armand de Caulaincourt: “Na yi kuskure ban bar Moscow mako guda da shiga ba. Ya yi tunanin cewa zai iya yin sulhu kuma Rasha suna sa rai. Sun rude ni ni kuma na yaudari kaina."
Daga cikin mutane dubu dari shida da suka tsallaka tekun Niemen a watan Yuni, 'yan mil mil kadan ne suka fice daga Rasha da rayukansu a watan Disamba. Kasa da kashi ashirin. Iyayen Fauvel sun jira ɗan nasu na tsawon watanni, har a watan Mayu sun sami wata wasiƙa da Laftanar Joseph Lemaire ya sanya wa hannu: “Yallabai, ina da darajar sanar da cewa an ɗauke ni fursuna a ranar 25 ga Disamba tare da ɗanka. Cikin bakin ciki nima na sanar da cewa na ga ya mutu a gefena. Laftanar Colpin ya kama a gaban giciyensa da wannan hoton da ya aiko musu.
