Francisco Javier Iglesias, mahaifin Pablo Iglesias, ya yi rashin nasara a shari'arsa da Cayetana Álvarez de Toledo, wanda ya yi Allah wadai da kiransa da "dan ta'adda" yayin wata hira da aka yi da shi a ABC a cikin 2020. Bayanin da ya gabata a matsayinsa na mayaka na Anti-Fascist da Patriotic Revolutionary Front (FRAP), wanda ya mallaki kungiyar ta'addanci. Ya fadi haka, a cikin wasu lokuta, a cikin wata kasida da ya rubuta a 2012 na 'Público', inda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "ɗan 'yan ta'addar FRAP", ko kuma a cikin tweet a shekara mai zuwa inda ya ce yana da "uban frapero". Bayanan da aka ambata a baya sun danganta da "barkwancin iyali" yayin aikin shari'a.
Menene FRAP?
A cikin ramifications na PCE wanda ya fito a cikin XNUMXs bayan yanke shawarar shugabanta, Santiago Carrillo, don yin fare a kan manufar sulhu don kawo karshen zaman lafiya ga Francoism, PCE (ml) ko, abin da yake iri ɗaya, Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Spain (Marxist-Leninist), ya kuma iya inganta gwagwarmayar juyin juya hali ta hanyar yakin basasa. Wannan rukunin gurguzu, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta koma babban layin Stalin, ba ta yi la'akari ba, kamar sauran jam'iyyun gurguzu na Spain, tashin hankali a matsayin yiwuwar ko kayan aikin ka'ida, amma a maimakon haka zai yi amfani da "lalacewar larura" don cimma burinta.
Da yake fuskantar abin da suka bayyana a matsayin "babban na'urar ta'addanci" a hannun Francoism, PCE (ml) ta ba da hujjar yin amfani da "tashin kariyar kai" ta hanyar ayyuka daban-daban da ke ƙara zubar da jini. A kan waɗannan yankuna, PCE (ml) ta ƙirƙira, tare da ƙungiyoyin masu adawa da mu, Anti-Fascist and Patriotic Revolutionary Front (FRAP) don aiwatar da ayyukan ta'addanci a kan abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin mulki da kuma ba wa mutanen Spain "kayan aikin gama gari na gwagwarmayar Faransanci". A wani taro da aka gudanar a ranar 23 ga watan 1971, a wani daki a birnin Paris mallakin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Arthur Miller, an fayyace maki shida na shirye-shirye wadanda FRAP za ta kasance a kansu:
-Kifar da mulkin kama-karya na farkisanci da korar daular Amurka daga kasar Spain ta hanyar gwagwarmayar juyin juya hali.
– Kafa Shahararriyar Jumhuriyar Tarayya wacce ke tabbatar da ‘yancin dimokradiyya da hakki ga tsirarun kasa.
-Kwantar da kadarorin da suka hada da mulkin mallaka da kuma kwace kadarorin da ake da su.
-Gwamnatin noma mai zurfi dangane da kwace manyan kadarori.
- Ruwan ragowar mulkin mallaka na Spain.
-Kafa Sojoji a hidimar jama'a.
Santiago Carrillo, shugaban PCE don kasancewa abin da ya fi kai hare-hare kan rarrabuwar kawuna. abc
Duk da haka, kundin tsarin mulki na FRAP bai kasance ba sai bayan shekaru biyu a wani taron kasa da aka gudanar a birnin Paris inda Julio Álvarez del Vayo, ministan PSOE na Largo Caballero a lokacin yakin basasa, aka zaba shugabanta kuma aka amince da batutuwan shirye-shirye. A cikin shekaru biyar da wannan kungiyar ta 'yan ta'adda ta yi, ta aiwatar da ayyukan "'yan ta'adda" na birni, tare da yin arangama da hannu da hannu da dama da rundunar 'yan sanda ta Francoist Public Order Forces (FOP).
Daidai da haɓakar ETA
Kungiyar ta shiga cikin ayyukan zanga-zangar da aka saba da su kamar zanga-zanga, fashi da makami, rarraba farfaganda, amma kuma sun binciko karin ta'addanci kamar jifan Molotov hadaddiyar giyar a rassan banki, satar makamai, hare-hare kan mutanen da ke da alaka da hukuma da kwace dukiya.
A sakamakon haka, za a sami karuwar zamantakewar jama'a da rikici na aiki, FRAP za ta ƙara ƙaddamar da tashin hankali. A cikin 1973, PCE (ml) sun yi la'akari da cewa lokaci ya yi da FRAP za ta rungumi gwagwarmayar makami.
A yayin zanga-zangar ranar Mayun bana a Madrid, wasu gungun ‘yan kungiyar FRAP “kungiyoyin kare kai” sun kai hari kan ‘yan FOP da ke kusa da tashar Atocha, lamarin da ya yi sanadin jikkatar jami’ai kusan ashirin da manyan makamai da kuma dan sandan Muterto guda daya. Mutumin da ya bace shi ne wani matashi mai suna Juan Antonio Fernández Gutiérrez wanda ya sami rauni a gefen hagu na hagu, a matakin zuciya.
Reshen soja na FRAP, wanda ba shi da ƙwararrun sojoji kuma yana da muggan makamai, yana jagorantar kai hare-hare a kan duk “masu saɓo”
Kungiyar ta FRAP ta sake tabbatar da harin a matsayin martanin "tashin juyin-juya hali ga tashin hankalin fasikanci" da kuma asalin "wani sanannen adalci wanda ya riga ya fara shiryawa a cikin Spain." Duk da cewa babban aikin 'yan sanda ya ƙare tare da kama mutane masu yawa, ƙungiyar Marxist-Leninist ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kuma game da asibiti na farko na Franco a 1974, ta ɗauki wani mataki zuwa wani mataki na gwagwarmaya. Yiwuwar juyin juya hali ya kara kusantowa tare da kawo karshen mulkin kama-karya na Franco ya karfafa kiyayya a cikin manyan 'yan gurguzu kuma ya sanya su kai hari ga karin jami'ai.
Reshen soja na FRAP, wanda ba shi da sojoji na musamman, kuma yana da nakasassu, ya jagoranci kai hare-hare a kan dukkan "jami'an Uniform", wanda ya haifar da hare-hare ga 'yan sanda, masu gadin jama'a da sojojin da ba tare da la'akari da akidarsu ko matsayinsu a cikin matsayi ba. Domin samun karbuwa, kungiyar ta kai hare-hare da dama a bankuna, injinan buga littattafai na kasa-da-kasa da ma wasu motocin dakon kudi.
Daidai da karuwar hare-haren ETA, a cikin 1975 FRAP ta kaddamar da yakin ta'addanci a Madrid, Barcelona da Valencia wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane uku (Jami'an 'yan sanda Lucio Rodríguez da Juan Ruiz Muñoz da Laftanar Tsaron Jama'a Antonio Pose) da kuma wasu raunuka hudu, wasu da tsanani (bayan 'yan sanda, mai tsaron gida da wani sojan Amurka wanda ya samu rauni a cikin dare).
An kai wa wadanda abin ya shafa hari a lokacin da ba sa aiki, keɓe ko kuma suna aikin gaba ɗaya wanda bai da alaƙa da lamuran siyasa. Wannan shi ne batun wakilin Lucio Rodríguez, mai shekaru 23, wanda ko da shekara guda bai yi aikin ba lokacin da aka harbe shi a baya yayin da yake ba da aikin sa ido a kofar ofisoshin Iberia a Madrid. Kai hare-hare kan muradun 'yan yawon bude ido na Spain, wanda ke ba da dimbin kudaden shiga ga tattalin arzikin kasar, wani bangare ne na manufofinsa a yakin neman raunata Francoism.
Fare don rikici
Rundunar ‘yan sandan ta mayar da martani kan wadannan hare-hare tare da kame daruruwan ‘yan gurguzu da kuma hukuncin kisa na ‘yan kungiyar ta FRAP takwas, wadanda uku daga cikinsu an harbe su tare da ‘yan ta’addar ETA da dama a safiyar ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1975. Yawan wadanda aka yanke wa hukuncin kisa a waccan shekarar, wani abu da ba a san shi ba tun bayan kawo karshen yakin basasa, ya tada matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don kaucewa bugu na karshe na mulkin kama-karya.
Ido ga ido, da dukan makafi. A mayar da martani ga latest kisa na mulkin Franco, da FRAP bad kwana biyu bayan wani makami fashi a cikin biya ofishin na Valle de Hebrón Health Residence a Barcelona. ‘Yan ta’addan da ke cikin ma’aikatan gidan sun bude wuta da bindigogi da kananan bindigu a kan wasu ‘yan sanda dauke da makamai da ke can suna gadi. Diego del Río Martín, mai shekaru 25, ya wuce a lokacin da ake harbin, yayin da abokin aikinsa Enrique Camacho Jiménez ya samu damar amsa raunukan harbin da aka yi masa duk da tsananinsa. Kungiyar ta samu ganima na peseta miliyan 21 da ta yi amfani da ita wajen ci gaba da ayyukan ta'addanci.
Lokacin da, bayan mutuwar Franco, yiwuwar juyin juya hali ya zama kama da mafi yawan mutanen Spain, ciki har da PCE na hukuma, ƙaddamar da ta'addanci ga al'adun rikici, wanda FRAP ya fitar daga yakin basasa, ya koma baya a fuskar sadaukar da kai ga al'adun yarjejeniya. FRAP ta yi adawa da tsarin sulhun da aka fara a cikin Sauyin Mulki da kuma ci gaba da tallafawa ayyukan zanga-zangar da aikata kananan laifuka. Tsakanin 1976 da 1978 ayyukansa sun ragu a hankali.
Gabaɗaya, yana da wuya a iya tantance lokacin da FRAP ɗin ya ajiye makamanta da gaske da kuma ko yana da hannu a cikin wasu tashe-tashen hankula da suka faru a lokacin juyin juya halin, ganin cewa ƙungiyoyin Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups (GRAPO) na Farko na Oktoba sun ɗauki sandar game da tashin hankalin hagu. A ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1979, otal din Corona de Aragón ya yi gobara, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 78 tare da jikkata wasu 113. Wasu ‘yan yatsu sun nuna cewa sun tsinci kansu a wani mataki na kungiyar ta’addanci ta Lenin saboda da yawa daga cikin bakin da suka mutu suna da alaka da babbar makarantar sojoji ta Zaragoza.
Radiyon Zaragoza da jaridar 'El Heraldo' sun samu kiran waya a wannan rana inda wasu da ake zargin wakilan ETA da na Anti-Fascist Revolutionary Front da Patriotic ne suka farfado da harin. Bayan shekaru arba'in da daya, ba a samu damar nuna shigar daya daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi ba, ko kuma na GRAPO, daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargi na wancan zamani.
Mutuwar mai tsaron lafiyar Jesús Argudo Cano, wanda aka yi a Zaragoza a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1980, ya ba da gudummawa ga FRAP kuma yana da Fundación de Víctimas del Terrorismo kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin littafinsa 'Waɗanda aka kashe ta'addanci, 1968-2004'. Sai dai kuma ‘yan kungiyar ta FRAP sun sha musanta hakan bisa hujjar cewa ‘yan ta’addan ba su da aiki a wancan lokacin.
