Darajojin da ke da alaƙa da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Injiniya da Lafiya sune waɗanda ke da ƙarin guraben aiki yayin da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Arts da Humanities su ne ke rufe matakin. Wannan shi ne babban ƙarshe da ya fito daga binciken U-Ranking, wanda BBVA Foundation ya shirya da IVIE (Valencian Institute for Economic Research), wanda ya bayyana cewa wannan nau'i ya tabbatar da sanannen imani cewa yana ba da "ƙarin dama" don digiri na STEM (Kimiyya, Fasaha, Injiniya da Lissafi don acronym a Turanci).
Matsayin yana ba da umarnin cibiyoyin karatun jami'a 101 na Spain, wanda sama da 4.000 na cancantar digiri na yanzu suna rukuni kuma sun kafa masu canji guda huɗu don ayyana aikin aiki: yawan ma'aikata, adadin ma'aikatan da ke da albashi sama da Yuro 1.500, adadin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sana'o'i da kuma yawan aikin da suka kammala.
Ta wannan hanyar, ya kammala da cewa " taken da aka yi nazari yana nuna bambance-bambance a cikin shigar da maki 25 cikin 82 na yiwuwar samun aiki, maki 1.500 a cikin cewa albashi ya wuce Yuro 81, maki 92 a cikin cewa aiki ne wanda aka daidaita zuwa matakin karatu da maki 2019 a cikin aikin an daidaita shi zuwa yankin da aka horar da shi". Don samun waɗannan sakamakon, an yi nazarin yanayin XNUMX na waɗanda suka kammala karatun shekaru biyar da suka gabata.
Idan har cikakken sakamakon shigarwa na takamaiman digiri, rarrabuwa yana jagorantar ta hanyar magani, tare da ƙimar aikin yi na 95%, 91,8% na ma'aikatan da ke samun Yuro 1.500 ko sama da haka a wata, kuma kusan 100% na Masu karatun digiri suna aiki a cikin ƙwararrun sana'o'i da alaƙa da karatu.
Kamfanonin injiniya takwas, tare da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, sun mamaye matakai tara na gaba na wannan matsayi. Musamman, a cikin tsari mai saukowa, Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Injiniya Injiniya, Injiniya Fasaha Injin Masana'antu, Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Sadarwa, Ci gaban Software da aikace-aikace da Injiniya Multimedia, Injin Makamashi, Injin Lantarki da Injin Lantarki.
A gefe guda kuma, a ƙasan teburin, kyakkyawan sakamako na shigar da ma'aikata ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun jami'a a fannin Archaeology ya fito fili, tare da 77% na adadin aikin da kashi 62% na ƙwararrun sana'o'i. Koyaya, kawai 10% na waɗannan ma'aikata suna da albashi daidai ko sama da Yuro 1.500, kuma 54% na waɗanda suka kammala karatun suna aiki a yankin binciken.
Sauran fannonin karatu tare da ƙananan matakan aiki, a cikin ma'ana mai tasowa daga matsayi na ƙarshe, sune Tarihin Art, Kiyayewa da Maidowa, Fine Arts, Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a, Farfadowar Ma'aikata da Tarihi.
Rarraba ta Jami'o'i
Rahoton ya kuma bayyana yuwuwar shigar ma’aikata bisa ga jami’ar da suka kammala karatunsu. Matsayi na gaba ɗaya akan wannan tambayar yana da sharadi sosai ta digirin da kowace cibiya ke bayarwa. Don haka, masanan kimiyyar kere-kere, waɗanda ke da mahimmin nauyin digiri waɗanda ke saman matsayi - irin su injiniyanci da kimiyyar kwamfuta- sun yi fice a manyan mukamai.
Har ila yau, a saman teburin akwai "jami'o'i masu zaman kansu da yawa da matasa, wadanda kwanan nan suka tsara tayin digiri kuma sun zabi wani nau'i na lakabi tare da kyakkyawan sakamako mai kyau", a cewar marubutan binciken.
Don haka, ƙimar shigar da ƙwadago ta duniya tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jami'ar Polytechnic ta Madrid (jama'a), sannan Jami'ar Katolica mai zaman kanta Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila ta biyo baya. Na gaba, a cikin tsari mai saukowa, sune polytechnics na Cartagena da Catalunya (duka jama'a), biye da masu zaman kansu da yawa: Jami'ar Nebrija, Pontificia de Comillas, Alfonso X el Sabio, International de Catalunya da Mondragón. Jami'ar Jama'a ta Navarra ta rufe martabar manyan goma.
Sabanin haka, jami'o'in da suka fito daga karatun gabaɗaya na tarihi da kuma cewa, saboda asalinsu, kawai magance duk fannonin ƙwarewa da kuma kula da tayin fannonin ilimi tare da ɗan ƙaramin aiki, sune mafi muni a cikin rarrabuwa. Wannan shine lamarin Jami'ar Salamanca da na Murcia, Alicante, Granada, Huelva, Malaga da Almería, inda Jami'ar Complutense ta Madrid da Jami'ar Pablo Olavide na Seville suke.
Koyaya, kyakkyawan aiki na digiri na STEM baya hana matasa ɗaliban jami'a na Spain samun manyan matsalolin samun aiki fiye da takwarorinsu na Turai. Don haka, adadin aikin yi na waɗanda suka kammala digiri na baya-bayan nan “yana tsakanin maki 7 zuwa 8 a ƙasa da matsakaita na Tarayyar Turai,” a cewar binciken.
A cikin kasashen Turai (Netherlands, Malta, Jamus, Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, Sweden, Finland, Austria da Latvia) akwai aiki mai yawa a tsakanin matasa masu digiri wanda ya wuce 90%, yayin da a Spain ba ya kai 77%, kawai a gaban Italiya da Girka.
Kayan aikin neman digiri
Don sauƙaƙe zaɓen ɗalibai, hukumomin rahoton sun haɗa ƙarshensu a cikin kayan aikin 'Zaɓi Jami'a' akan gidan yanar gizon U-Ranking. Don haka, ga ma'auni da wannan injin binciken sana'a ya riga ya kasance, yanzu an ƙara alamun shigar da aiki na estudios daban-daban na jami'a, da kuma bambance-bambancen da ke akwai dangane da jami'ar da ke ba da su.
A cewar masu tallata, "daya daga cikin manyan makasudin aikin U-Ranking shine sauƙaƙe yanke shawarar ɗalibai cewa ya kamata su zaɓi ɗalibai da ba da shawarar horar da su a jami'a." Zaɓin wanda a kowace shekara yana da sharuɗɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan digiri, tare da fiye da digiri 4.000 a ci gaba da haɓaka, tare da iyakancewar alamomin yankewa da farashin rajista.
