Ukufakwa kukaMíriam (inombolo engelona iqiniso) ohlwini lwezinto ezidabukisayo kwaqala ngemva kokungavumelani nenkampani yakhe yocingo endala. Ezinyangeni ngemuva kokushintsha opharetha, inkampani yangaphambilini yafuna ukukhokhelwa amanye amarisidi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayesevele ezikhiphile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. UMíriam wenqaba ukukhokha ama-euro angu-60 ababewacelile, ecabangela ukuthi kwakungalungile ukuphatha izikweletu zenkampani ayengaseyona ingxenye yayo. Yilapho usizi lwakhe lwaqala khona. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu uthole ucingo olumazisa ngokufakwa kwenombolo yakhe wabe esefonela nohlu lwabantu abangayikhokhi. Konke lokhu, naphezu kokusho izikhathi eziningi lokho
isikweletu esasibaliwe asizange sikhokhelwe.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uMíriam usafakwe kulolo hlu oluvinjelwe futhi uzobhekana nemiphumela lapho ezama ukwenza izinqubo noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Akakwazi ukuthola imali yokuthenga imoto entsha noma ashintshe inkampani edayisa ugesi, igesi noma ucingo lwakhe. Isizathu siwukuthi inani elikhulu labahlinzeki bezinsizakalo kanye nezikhungo zezezimali zibheka lezi zinhlu - lapho kukhokhwa imali - ngaphambi kokunikeza imali mboleko noma ukusayina inkontileka yanoma iyiphi isevisi eyisisekelo. Manje, icala lakhe lisazoxazululwa enkantolo ngemuva kokuvula icala ngosizo lwenhlangano yase-Asufin.
U-Julián Latorre wabuye wacelwa ngu-opharetha ukuthi akhokhe inani lama-euro angu-600 elingahambisani njengoba enze ukudluliselwa kwenye i-telecom egcwalisa zonke izidingo futhi lapho isikhathi sokuhlala unomphela okuvunyelwene ngaso sesiphelile. Okukhulunywe ngenhla wenqabile ukukhokha imali efunwa ngokungafaki isikweletu sangempela futhi ngokushesha wajeziswa ngu-opharetha: inombolo yakhe yafakwa kwelinye lalawa marekhodi. Ngemva kokufuna nge-OCU, u-Julián wasusa okungcolile ohlwini kodwa kwadingeka abekezelele izinhlawulo ezihlukene izinyanga. Ubunzima bebuhlukene, kusukela ekutholeni ukwenqatshwa ngesikhathi esayina umshwalense wemoto yakhe, kwaba nezinkinga nosozimali abangazange bangabaze ukukhipha amakhadi abawaxhume emabhizinisini ahlukene. “Noma iyiphi inhlangano engaya kuyo, yangitshela ukuthi cha,” kusho uJulián.
Iziqephu ezihlaselwe uMíriam noma u-Julián zenzeka kaningi e-Spain. Ukufaka ifayela lobugebengu, kwanele ukuyeka ukukhokha irisidi yama-euro angama-50 kuphela. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi eziningi zokungakhokhi akubangelwa ukuthengiswa okuphezulu kwamanye amazwe, imiphumela ingakhubaza ukutholwa kwezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo ngumthengi othintekile. Ukuba kolunye lwalezi zinhlu kulimaza isakhamuzi lapho sithola izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo zokuphila kwansuku zonke njengemali ebolekiwe, imali mboleko ephuthumayo, ikhadi lesikweletu noma ukubhalisa ucingo noma ugesi noma igesi endlini, phakathi kokunye.
Amafayela asebenza e-Spain ahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona lezo ezisebenza njengezinkampani ezizimele, njenge-Asnef (National Association of Financial Credit Establishments), i-RAI (Registry of Unpaid Acceptances) noma i-Experian Credit Bureau. I-Bank of Spain, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ine-Cirbe (Isikhungo Sokwaziswa Ngobungozi), okuthi nakuba ingeyona irejista yabantu abangakhokhi kahle, inikeza ulwazi kubantu abasengozini enqwabelene engaphezu kwama-euro ayi-1.000. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlu ziqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzisi obonakala ebhalisiwe kuzo akaxazululi, ngakho-ke, kunobungozi obukhulu lapho usayina inkontileka yemali mboleko noma yesevisi naye.
Imithombo evela kwelinye lamafayela aziwa kakhulu, i-Asnef, ichazela i-ABC ukuthi idatha efakiwe isetshenziselwa injongo yokuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kuthrafikhi yezentengiselwano, kanye "nokusiza ukuvimbela ubuhlongandlebe kanye nokuhlola i-solvency yabantu bemvelo nabasemthethweni. «. Abasuka kwa-Asnef abanikezi izibalo mayelana nohlobo lwezikweletu noma inani eliqondile labantu ababhaliswe efayeleni, kodwa bathi emasontweni okuqala alolu bhubhane sikhula kancane isibalo sabakweletayo. "Kodwa, kuzoba nokwehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokumiswa okugunyazwe nguHulumeni kanye nesivumelwano somkhakha sokuhlehlisa ukusebenza kwezimali kwamakhasimende ezinhlangano ezihambisana nawo", ivuma imithombo efanayo.
funa isinxephezelo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo eziningi ezifana nekaMiriam, lapho umuntu engena khona ngephutha, njengoba kungenzeka uma kunokungaqondi kahle nenkampani yokuhlinzeka, isibonelo. "Ngisho nabakhokhi abahlonishwayo kakhulu ngelinye ilanga bangabona i-NUM yabo efayelini," kuxwayisa inhlangano yabathengi ye-OCU. Eqinisweni, kunezimo zokwebiwa kobunikazi noma ukuqashwa ngomgunyathi okusenza siwele kuwebhu lapho, uma sesingaphakathi, kube nzima kakhulu ukuphunyuka.
Ukufakwa okungabalulekile
Kusukela ku-OCU ubhekisela ecaleni likaGabriel (inombolo engelona iqiniso), owabika ku-AEPD ukufakwa kwakhe efayeleni eliwubugebengu ngaphandle kokuba lesi sinyathelo sibe semthethweni. I-Data Protection Agency yafaka inhlawulo yama-euro angu-50.000 ku-Unión de Créditos Inmobiliarios, inkampani eyenza ukufakwa okungalungile ngenxa yalesi sizathu futhi unswinyo kamuva lwaqinisekiswa yiNkantolo Kazwelonke kanye neNkantolo Ephakeme. Isinqumo sikhumbula ukuthi ukuze ukufakwa kwedatha yomsebenzisi kurejista kube semthethweni, akwanele ukuthi isikweletu sibe ncamashi, kodwa futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ukufakwa kuhambisane. Kulokhu, kwakungenjalo ngoba uGabriel wayecele ukuchithwa kwezigaba ezimbalwa zemali mboleko yendlu.
U-Ileana Izverniceanu, umqondisi wezokuxhumana we-OCU, ukhumbula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukufakwa kwenziwa ngephutha, isikweletu asisona sangempela noma asihambisani nezidingo zokubhaliswa efayeleni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umuntu othintekayo kufanele acele ukususwa kumnikazi wokubhalisa ngokushesha nje lapho ekwazisa ngokufakwa. Uma kwenzeka bengaphenduli, kufanele kubikwe ku-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) futhi, ekugcineni, kukhona inketho yokufuna isinxephezelo ngokomthetho ngomonakalo odalwe ukufakwa okungalungile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kuvunywa ukuthi isikweletu singokoqobo, umthengi kufanele asikhokhe ngaphambili futhi afake isicelo futhi agcine ubufakazi bokukhokha ukuze agweme izinkinga esikhathini esizayo.
Imithombo ye-Asnef iyavuma ukuthi ezikhathini "ezicaciswe kakhulu" kungase kube nezimo lapho umthengi eba isisulu senkontileka yomgunyathi noma ukwebiwa komazisi. Okunzima, bakhumbuza izakhamizi ezitholakalayo ngenkonzo yamahhala yokusebenzisa amalungelo azo okufinyelela, ukulungisa, ukukhansela, ukuphikiswa kanye nemikhawulo.
ukukala ingcindezi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufakwa kwelinye lalawa mafayela e-solvency yempahla kusetshenziswa njengendlela yengcindezi yokufuna isikweletu. Kodwa, izakhamizi ezifakwe ngephutha azigcini nje ngokuba nelungelo lokuthi idatha yazo isuswe, kodwa futhi zingafuna isinxephezelo enkantolo. Mayelana nalokhu, uFernando Gavín, wakwaGavín & Linares, abameli ababambisene be-Asufin, waphawula ukuthi iNkantolo Ephakeme inqume ukuthi uma othile efaka ifayela lokungathembeki kuwukuhlola ukuthi umuntu akanamalini. “Inhloso ngeke kube ukuphoqa umuntu ukuthi akhokhe isikweletu. Ngamanye amazwi, lezi zinhlu azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ephoqayo, futhi kancane uma ikhasimende linesicelo esivulekile ngomnyango wesevisi yamakhasimende”, kwengeza u-Gavín.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Gavín ugcizelela ukuthi isinxephezelo sakamuva izinkampani eziphoqeleke ukuba zikhokhe ngokwephula ilungelo lokuhlonipha sibalwa ngamamayela ama-euro. "Bangatshela lezi zinkampani ukuthi izinqamuleli azifanelekile, uma zifuna ukuqoqa isikweletu, indlela yokufaka icala," kusho uGavín.
Ngokuhambisana nale migqa, umkhulumeli we-Facua, u-Rubén Sánchez, ugcizelele kuleli sonto ngesikhathi sokwethulwa komkhankaso we-#yonosoymoroso ukuthi ukukhokhiswa kwenhlawulo kumuntu wemvelo noma osemthethweni obhekene nokufakwa efayeleni labakweleta kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokudikibala izinkampani. “Isinqumo sokufaka umthengi endaweni yokubhalisa singangcolisa izinkampani uma zithola ukuthi umthengi ufaka isikhalazo,” kuxwayisa uSánchez.
Bangakufaka nini efayeleni?
-Ukuze kufakwe ngokomthetho umuntu ohlwini lwabakhokhi bentela, isikweletu kufanele sibe "siqinisekile, kufanele futhi sikhokhelwe", okungukuthi, kufanele kube isikweletu sangempela okufanele sikhokhelwe esikhathini esidlule futhi kufanele siboniswe.
-Ukungakhokhi kube yinani elikhulu kunama-euro angama-50. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani azikwazi ukufaka ohlwini lwabakhokhi bentela labo abakweleta ngaphansi kwama-euro angama-50.
- Uma isikweletu sisenkambisweni yengxoxo yokuphatha, yokwahlulela noma ye-arbitral, ukufakwa kwesakhamuzi esithintekayo kunoma yikuphi ukubhaliswa kwalolu hlobo ngeke kusetshenzwe.
-Ukufakwa ohlwini ngeke kube semthethweni uma ngesikhathi sokwenza isivumelwano sempahla noma isevisi umthengi engaxwayiswanga ngokuthi kungenzeka agcine esebhukwini labantu abangakhokhi intela uma kwenzeka engakhokhi.
-Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuhlala kwedatha kufayela sifika eminyakeni emihlanu kusukela ngosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesibopho esibangele isikweletu, njengoba kukhunjulwe yi-OCU.
