Ukuketulwa umbuso kuka-1936 kwenzeka ngoJulayi 18 eNhlonhlweni, kodwa kwase kuqalile kakade ezindaweni ezifana neMelilla ngayizolo. Lolu lwazi aluvamisile ukweqa i-anecdote ezincwadini zomlando futhi akuvamile ukuthi lujule kulokho okwenzeka lapho lapho ama-Afrika ayehamba khona njengabanikazi namakhosi edolobha. Usolwazi, isifundiswa, isazi sezomthetho kanye nombhali wezincwadi uLuis María Cazorla ubhale inganekwane ethi 'Melilla 1936' (Almuzara) ukuze alandise izinyanga ngaphambi kokuketula umbuso kanye nokushuba kwesimo okwagcina kuqhume ngoJulayi. Izinyanga zozungu, ukwakha phakathi kwamabutho aphilayo omuzi kanye namadoda nje abanjwe phakathi. Le noveli isebenzisa icala langempela likaJoaquín María Polonio Calvante, "ijaji lezemisebenzi ephucukile", njengoba inkosi yezazi zezomthetho uJoaquín Garrigues ayichaza, ukuze alandise emehlweni elungu leSpain yesithathu, lelo elicasula yomibili liphetha kakhulu. Indlela izehlakalo ezenzeka ngayo. “Wabona ukuthi lapho ebhekene nendluzula, amandla anonya, umthetho uyithuluzi elibuthakathaka futhi elinganele. Wayekholelwa emthethweni. Futhi uma ngithi umthetho, umthetho we-republic, kodwa futhi umthetho jikelele ", kuchaza uCazorla ku-ABC, owafunda indaba yaleli jaji lokuqala kanye neziyalezo ngesikhathi evakashele emathuneni asePurisima. UBlas Jesús Imbroda, umqondisi weMelilla Bar Association, wabuza umlobi ukuthi lapho, phambi kwendawo engacwebezeli kangako, kwatholakala indoda elungile, eyayigilwe inhlekelele yaseSpain. 'Melilla 1936' Ifayela: Umshicileli: Almuzara. Umbhali: Luis Maria Cazorla. Intengo: Ama-euro angama-21. Amakhasi: 350. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengokungathi ushukunyiswe “amandla angenakuvinjelwa”, umbhali wezinye izincwadi zezinganekwane ezifana nethi 'La ciudad de Lucus' noma 'La rebelión del general Sanjurjo' uye wagxila emsebenzini wokuvelela wokwakha kabusha izinsuku zokugcina zalokhu. ijaji kusukela ekufikeni kwalo edolobheni, ngemva nje kokunqoba kwePopular Front ngoFebhuwari 36, kwaze kwaba yilapho egwetshwa intambo ngokuzama ukumisa ukuvukela kwamasosha. Ngokungafani namanye amanoveli akhe, ku-'Melilla 1936' bonke abalingiswa bangempela. Esebenzisa isifinyezo sesigwebo sakhe sentambo, umbhali wamanoveli akagcini nje ngokudonsa lezo zinsuku zokugigiyela, kodwa futhi uzama ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani kwalethwa ukuketula umbuso. Usuku olubekiwe kwakunguJulayi 18 kanti uma ukuvukela umbuso kwadlondlobala eMelilla kwakungenxa yokuthi abakhi bozungu baphoqeleka ukuthi benze lokho ukuze bangaboshwa. "Ngesikhathi ukulethwa kwezikhali kumaPhalangists kanye nezakhamuzi kutholwa yiButho, konke kwakufanele kusheshiswe" osopolitiki abaphiko lwesokudla babengawalalelanga amasosha athile angamavukela mbuso. Kwakungase kumiswe, kodwa esimweni esithile sikaMelilla isakhiwo sase sivuthiwe futhi sakhiwe. Lapho ukulethwa kwezikhali kumaFalangists kanye nezakhamizi yiButho Lezempi, konke kwakufanele kusheshiswe. I-Polonium ibonakale iyisithiyo esingenakunqotshwa kulabo ababopha uzungu,” kusho umbhali. Yiziphi izinselelo ijaji elizobhekana nazo lapho lifika? -Ekufikeni kwakhe unenselelo yobungcweti kanye nenye yenqubomgomo yezomthetho. Inselele yobungcweti kwaba wukuvuselela inkantolo, eyayinganakwa kakhulu, ngisho nokuhlanza izinsiza. Ngokombono wenqubomgomo yezokwahlulela, ayehlose ukuvulela umphakathi inkantolo. Futhi uma ngithi umphakathi uwumphakathi wonke futhi, ngakho-ke, waziveza kuyo yonke imibutho yezombangazwe nezinyunyana, ebangela ukumangala okukhulu. Lo mbono wokuvulela amabutho aphilayo inkantolo wawushaqisa, yebo… -Ukufika kwe-Popular Front emandleni kwamthinta kanjani uMelilla? -I-Popular Front yawina ngokunethezeka ngoFebhuwari 36 eMelilla, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwaba nesiteleka sababhaki esasiphethe idolobha. Ingxenye enkulu yebutho lezempi kwaba, ikakhulukazi legionnaires kanye njalo, okuyinto wagxila, endaweni evalekile kakhulu, ukungezwani ngesihluku. Ama-legionnaires kanye nezikhathi ezijwayelekile, ibutho elinesibindi kakhulu, baze bachazwa njengababulali ngenxa yeNguquko yase-Asturias yango-34. Okwakushube ngakhona. UPolonius uvele wazithola ephakathi naleyo ngxabano ekhipha izigwebo futhi elwela ukusebenzisa umthetho kuleso simo. – Ingabe indima yejaji yayinesizinda sezombangazwe? -I-Polonio bekungumdlalo wochwepheshe ongu-100%, owawina izimbangi zawo futhi engiwuthole endaweni yawo yesithathu. Wayeseneminyaka embalwa eprakthiza, engudokotela wezomthetho futhi wayethole imifundaze evela eMnyangweni, into eyayingajwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi. Uzoba ijaji elinolwazi oluvelele kanye nommeli owazama ukusebenzisa umthetho. Wayengeyena umuntu wezombusazwe, kodwa wayeyijaji elibanjwe isimo sezombangazwe. Ngokomthetho, lapho isithunywa sikahulumeni, esilingana nohulumeni womphakathi, siphuma edolobheni, sathathelwa indawo isikhulu sokuqala sokwahlulela. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni abhekane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngaphandle kokuzilungiselela, ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi wakhe futhi engenazo izinsiza zolwazi ezindabeni zezombangazwe. ULuis María Cazorla, ehhovisi lakhe. UJosé Ramón Ladra - Ungakwazi yini ukumbeka ngemibono ngesikhathi esithile? -Ubeyisazi somthetho okwakumele aqinise umthetho ngaphandle kokuchema nepolitiki futhi ekhipha izigwebo ezivuna amaqembu angakwesokudla nakwesokunxele. Uma sijula, singamhlukanisa njengomuntu okhululekile, onomqondo ovulekile, umuntu okhulile othanda ukufunda futhi onolwazi phesheya, owake wabona isipiliyoni se-republican yaseFrance eSorbonne, kodwa engenakho ukuhlanganyela okuthile kwezombusazwe. -Ingabe iphrofayili esesidlangalaleni eyengeziwe edlalwe ngokumelene nawe? -Ngokungangabazeki wadlala ngokumelene naye, ngoba kamuva labo abasukuma bamsola, ikakhulukazi uColonel Luis Soláns Labedán kanye noLieutenant Colonel Juan Seguí. Abamuzwanga uPolonius; wayembona engumahluleli oyinqaba, umahluleli owenza sengathi izinto abanye abangazange bazenze. -Kungani iRiphabhulikhi Yesibili ingakwazi ukusungula umthetho oqinile? -IRiphabhulikhi Yesibili yehlulekile, ngombono wami, ngoba ayikwazanga ukunqoba ukulwa nobudlova nokuphika okuphambene. Lapho kubusa i-Azaña namaSocialists, baphika isikhundla samarepublic eqiniso engxenyeni yelungelo. Ngamanye amazwi, kube nokungakwazi ukuhlanganisa imisinga emibili yeriphabhulikhi enkulu ibe ifomula eyodwa yokushintshanisa amandla okuthula. Zombili izinhlangothi bezikholelwa ekutheni izinkinga zingaxazululeka ngodlame. Ikhombisa okwenzeka ngo-34, futhi masingasho ngo-36. -Kungani amasosha acabanga ukuthi kufanele ahlasele iRiphabhulikhi Yesibili? -Hhayi-ke, kufanele ngoba bancamela ukuthi wayehlasela iSpain, izindinganiso zayo, iButho, izwe, inkolo ... impilo yabo yasungulwa base bekhashelwe. Kucace bha. Babezibona becasulwe yipolitiki yeRiphabhulikhi. Yilokhu okwabenza babe semthethweni futhi kwabanika amandla ngaphakathi. Melilla, ngo-Ephreli 1933. ISpain Square. Salvador Zarco. – Ijaji ugwetshwe ukufa ngenxa yokuhlubuka, lapho nje wazama ukuvimbela ukuvukela wezempi. Ingabe inqubo ngokumelene naye yayinesiqinisekiso esingokomthetho? -Ilungelo, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ngaphambi kokuthi amandla akhululiwe angenzi lutho. Inqubo emelene naye ibonisa ukuthi umzali osemthethweni angatholakala lapho, empeleni, kwenziwa iziphambeko ukuze kukhishwe isigwebo esasungulwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Ekuqulweni kwamacala, ukuqagela nokuhumusha okuthile kwanikezwa indawo yokuhlola eyeqisayo, engalingani futhi engenasisekelo. Kusukela ekuqaleni, ijaji laligwetshwa udilikajele, udilikajele futhi, kamuva, lapho lidluliswa icala, lafa. - Ingabe uyindoda engazange ivelele kwezombusazwe, kungani umzamo ongaka wokumdubula nganoma iyiphi intengo? -Cha. Kuphela ngenxa yokuthi uphawu noma, ngamanye amazwi, kwatholakala imbuzi yomhlatshelo ukuze abonise ukuthi labo ababemelene nokuvukela, futhi ikakhulukazi uma bengabantu abaphawulekayo, babesengozini yokufa. Okusho ukuthi, kwakuwuphawu kuMelilla, olugqame kakhulu ayefuna ukubeka ngalo isibonelo ngokunembile ngenxa yesimo esishubile sokubaluleka komphakathi eyayinakho. Khumbula ukuthi kwakuwukuphela kwegunya lezokwahlulela eMelilla. Elinye ilungu elengeziwe leSpain yesithathu lapho impi yavela khona phakathi. - Ingabe kukhona umuntu ohlushwa ekupheleni kweSpain yesithathu? -Kunezibonelo eziningi zabalingiswa abahlukile futhi lokhu kungenye yazo, ngokubona kwami, okungeyeSpain yesithathu eyayikhungethwe ubuqaba ohlangothini olulodwa nalunye. Kulokhu kwadingeka abhekane nobudlova ohlangothini olulodwa, kodwa ukuthi kwezinye izindawo kwenzeka kwabanye. - Ingabe imithetho Yenkumbulo Yomlando Nentando Yeningi iyadingeka ukuze kususwe lezi zinhlamvu ekungaziwa? -Angicabangi ukuthi lo Mthetho Wenkumbulo Yomlando usebenzela ukudumisa laba balingisi. Kunoma yikuphi, angizange ngibhale inoveli yokudumisa umlingiswa, kodwa kunalokho umsebenzi owawuyingxenye ye-trilogy yami mayelana nempi nalapho isimo saseMelilla ezinsukwini zangaphambi kokuvukela sichazwa futhi kunikezwa incazelo eqanjiwe, kodwa ngokomlando, ukuthi kungani iqale ngoJulayi 17. Sonke sikuzwile: baqala eMelilla ngoJulayi 17, kodwa ngokuvamile akwaziwa ukuthi kungani futhi kanjani... Baklonyeliswa ngemva kokulwa, abathathu babelwa amasosha e-Regulares ngezenzo zabo zobuqhawe, phakathi kwabo kukhona abawine ababili - Ngahlangana nabalingisi abanamandla kakhulu futhi ababenelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, njengoLieutenant Fernando Arrabal, owadutshulwa wafa, ubaba wombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi owazalelwa eMelilla.
