NgoFebhuwari 24 wonyaka odlule, usuku lokuqala lwempi yase-Ukraine, i-ABC yalandisa ngobusuku obude bokuqhuma kwamabhomu ababhekana nakho eKiev, lapho kulimale izinkulungwane zezakhiwo zokuhlala kanye nomonakalo omkhulu nengqalasizinda. Futhi ukulwa okushubile kwezandla okwenzeka emigwaqweni yenhloko-dolobha, nokudubula okunamandla ezakhiweni zikaMongameli wase-Ukraine, uHulumeni kanye ne-Verkhovna Rada (iPhalamende). Ukuhlasela okwayala ngemva kokuba umongameli waseRussia, uVladimir Putin, ephila njengephupho elibi phakathi kwabantu base-Ukraine, ababevele babhala izinsuku zikaSeptember 1941 lapho amasosha kaHitler angena khona edolobheni ukuze acekele phansi yonke into.
Kuyathakazelisa, ngoba ngalolo suku iRussia yaqala ngalo ukuhlasela kwayo ngonyaka owedlule, uHulumeni wase-Ukraine ushicilele isithombe ku-akhawunti yakhe ye-Twitter esahamba ngokushesha. Kwakungumfanekiso odwetshiwe lapho uHitler ebonakala ephulula uPutin ngomlayezo olandelayo: “Lena akuyona i-meme, kodwa eyethu kanye neqiniso lakho njengamanje. Kodwa okwenzeka ngalolo suku, phakathi nale nhlekelele, kwakukude kakhulu nalokho okwenzeka ngo-September 16, 1941, kwaze kwaba yilapho kwakhiwa irekhodi elisha elingakaze lidlulwe: UHitler wathatha iziboshwa zaseSoviet ezingu-660.000 XNUMX ngosuku olulodwa, inani elingaphezu kwayo yonke iMpi Yezwe. II.
UJesús Hernández utshela ukuthi 'Lokho kwakungekho encwadini yami ngeMpi Yezwe Yesibili' (Almuzara, 2018) ukuthi uHitler wehlulekile emzamweni wakhe wokunqoba amaNgisi nokuthi, ekupheleni kuka-1940, wagxila kulokho iqiniso lakhe. isitha: iSoviet Union. Sase sifikile isikhathi sokubhekana nalokho okwakuyoba yimpi enkulu yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho umashiqela wamaNazi ayefuna ukufeza iphupho lakhe lokuguqula iJalimane libe umbuso wezwekazi owasuka e-Atlantic uye e-Urals. Ngo-March 30, 1931, wamemezela kojenene bakhe inhloso yakhe yokuhlasela umdondoshiya wamaKhomanisi, emkhankasweni obizwa ngokuthi i-Barbarossa, owasungulwa ngo-June 22, lapho kukhala ucingo endlunkulu yesifunda sezempi saseLeningrad phakathi nobusuku. . .
Kwakungeyona into evamile ukuba bacele umhlangano “ophuthumayo” nesikhulu esiphezulu sedolobha ngaleso sikhathi ovela eMoscow, ngakho kwakusobala ukuthi kunento engathi sína eyenzekayo. Umsebenzisi wamasignali uMikhail Neishtadt weluleka induna Yezisebenzi Ezivamile, eyafika ngemva kwemizuzu engamashumi amane isesimweni esibi. “Ngithemba ukuthi kubalulekile,” ebhodla, wayesemnika incwadi yocingo: “Amasosha aseJalimane awele umngcele weSoviet Union.” “Kwakungathi iphupho elibi. "Besifuna ukuvuka futhi konke kubuyele kwesijwayelekile," kusho lo wakamuva, osheshe wabona ukuthi leli bekungelona iphupho, kodwa ukuhlasela okukhulu kwamasosha ayizigidi ezintathu kanye nenqwaba yamakhilomitha amathangi nezindiza ezazivele zivele. udlulela phambili ngamakhilomitha angu-2.500 ukusuka oLwandle Olumnyama uya eBaltic.
Isihloko: Kyiv
Njengoba kuchazwe uMichael Jones ku-'The Siege of Leningrad: 1941-1944' (Ukugxeka, i-2016), ukusebenza kuhlele ukuhlasela okuphindwe kathathu: I-Army Center Group izonqoba iMinsk, iSmolensk neMoscow; INorth Group yabalekela esifundeni saseBaltic futhi yahola iLeningrad, kodwa iSouth Group izohlasela i-Ukraine ngaseKyiv. Lesi sakamuva sasingaphansi komyalo kaMarshal Gerd von Rundstedt, owawela iPoland, wadlula iLviv futhi wafinyelela esigodini saseDonbass nase-Odessa ngoSepthemba ngemva kochungechunge lokunqoba okumangalisayo. U-Erich von Manstein uyena owanqoba leli dolobha eliyitheku lokugcina ngemva kokuvinjezelwa kanzima.
Ukuhlasela kwe-Ukraine kwaholela ekuhlulweni okulandelanayo kweButho LaseSoviet okwenzeka ekwindla yokugcina yaseKyiv ngoSepthemba 26, 1941, lapho kucinywa abavikeli bokugcina. Maphakathi no-August, u-Stalin wayeseqoqe amasosha angaba ngu-700.000 edolobheni, amathangi ayinkulungwane kanye nezinganono ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Ojenene bakhe abaningana bamxwayisa, nakuba babenovalo, ukuthi amasosha angase azungezwe amaJalimane. Okuwukuphela kwakhe owabonisa ukuba namandla kancane kwakunguGeorgy Zhukov, owathathelwa indawo ngemva kokuba umashiqela waseSoviet ekhiphe umyalo wokuthi angahoxi.
Ekuqaleni, izimpumputhe ze-Third Reich zavala abavikeli ekhoneni eningizimu nasenyakatho yedolobha. Ukuze benze lokhu, babesekelwa i-Group II ye-Heinz Guderian's Panzer Division, eyahamba amakhilomitha angu-200 ngesivinini esigcwele ngamathangi ayo ukuze asize ku-clamps ngo-23 wenyanga efanayo. Ngo-September 5, uStalin walibona iphutha lakhe futhi wakwazi ukuhlehla, kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu ukubaleka. Iningi lamasosha aseSoviet angu-700.000 16 alizange libe nesikhathi sokubaleka. Kancane kancane, ukuvinjezelwa kwase kuvalwa, kwaze kwaba ngomhla ka-XNUMX, iqembu II le-Guderian's Division laxhumana neqembu I.
Isibhicongo saseBabi Yar ngamaNazi sabulala amaJuda angama-33.000 eKyiv ABC
Irekhodi labaneshwa
Ngokusho kwedayari kaHans Roth, isosha le-299th Battalion ye-German Sixth Army's Infantry Division, impi eshubile izoba phakathi kukaSepthemba 17 no-19. Abantu baseRussia bavikela ngama-cocktail e-Molotov, amarokhethi adumile e-Katusha ngisho namabhomu ezinja, ngaphezu kokushiya izimayini kulo lonke idolobha. Iqhinga likaStalin, nokho, laholela ekuzibulaleni, kodwa amasosha akhe aboshwa futhi aboshwa ngemuva kokuwa kwedolobha ngomhla ka-26 lapho abavikeli bokugcina bezinikela. Ngalo lolo suku, ngamahora angu-24 nje, amasosha angu-660,000 XNUMX aboshwa iButho lamaNazi, ephula irekhodi elidabukisayo lenani eliphakeme leziboshwa ezathathwa ngosuku olulodwa kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II.
Okubi kakhulu nokho kwakuseza. Ngomhla zingama-28, amaNazi asakaza amapheshana kuyo yonke inhloko-dolobha ememezela: “Wonke amaJuda ahlala eKiev nendawo eyizungezile kufanele azethule kusasa, ngoMsombuluko, ngo-XNUMX ekuseni ekhoneni lemigwaqo yaseMelnikovsky neDokhturov. Kufanele baphathe izincwadi zabo, imali, izinto ezibalulekile kanye nezingubo ezifudumele. Noma yimuphi umJuda ongayithobeli le miyalelo futhi etholakala kwenye indawo uzodutshulwa. “Noma yisiphi isakhamuzi esingena ezindaweni ezikhishwe amaJuda sintshontshe izinto zabo sizodutshulwa.”
Ngakusasa kwaqala ukubulawa kwabo bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaseRussia noma abase-Ukraine. AmaNazi awanaso isikhathi sokulahlekelwa futhi lokhu kukhiqiza ijubane elimangalisayo. Njengoba befika, onogada babayisa lapho bezobulawa khona. Okokuqala babayala ukuba bakhumule ukuze bashaqe izingubo zabo futhi bahlole ukuthi babengaphethe imali noma ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Bathe sebesemaphethelweni alo mhosha, kukhala umculo kundiza indiza ukuze kuvalwe ukukhala, badutshulwe ekhanda.
AmaJuda ase-Ukraine azimba amathuna eStorow, e-Ukraine. Julayi 4, 1941 WIKIPEDIA
baba yar
UGrossman wabhala encwadini yakhe ukuthi isibhicongo esidumile sika-Babi Yar, njengoba esenzela umfula lapho akhiqiza khona emaphethelweni eKiev, kwakuwukwethulwa kokubulawa kwabantu ngezinhlamvu, okwathi kamuva kwanwetshwa ngokusetshenziswa kwegesi. Okubalulekile kulo mqondo kwakungamadoda angu-3.000 e-Einsatzgruppen, iqoqo lamaqembu abulalayo ajikelezayo akhiwa amalungu ama-SS, amaningi awo awenza umsebenzi wawo edakiwe. Emahoreni angu-48 nje kuphela, amasosha aseJalimane abulala amaJuda angu-33.771 XNUMX, okwathi ngomzuzu wokugcina, aba nethemba lokuthi ayezodingiswa.
Isisulu esincane kunazo zonke i-Babi Yar Ukraine Memorial Centre esingahlonza kwakuyingane enezinsuku ezimbili nje ubudala. Encwadini yakhe ethi ‘A Document in the Form of a Novel’, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1966, u-Anatoly Kuznetsov ukhumbula ubufakazi bowesifazane ongumJuda owakwazi ukuphunyuka: “Wabheka phansi futhi waphathwa yisiyezi. Ngaba nomuzwa wokuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwakhe kwakukhona ulwandle lwezidumbu ezigcwele igazi.”
