Iziqu ezithinta iComputer Science, Engineering neHealth ziyakwazi ukuqashwa kakhulu kanti lezi ezithinta ezoBuciko noBuntu yizo ezivala amarenki. Lesi yisiphetho esiyinhloko esivela ocwaningweni lwe-U-Ranking, olulungiswe yi-BBVA Foundation kanye ne-IVIE (i-Valencian Institute of Economic Research), ethi leli fomu liqinisekisa inkolelo ethandwayo yokuthi inikeza "amathuba amaningi" we-STEM degrees. (Isayensi, Ubuchwepheshe, Ubunjiniyela kanye neMathematika).
Izinga lihlela amakhampasi ezifundo zasenyuvesi yaseSpain ayi-101, lapho kuqoqwe khona amadigri angaphezu kuka-4.000 amanje angaphansi kweziqu zabafundi futhi kusungula okuguquguqukayo okune ukuze kuchazwe ukuqashwa: izinga lokuqashwa, iphesenti labantu abaqashiwe abaneholo elingaphezu kwama-euro angu-1.500, iphesenti lemisebenzi enamakhono aphezulu. kanye nenani labafundi abasebenza endaweni abafundela kuyo.
Ngale ndlela, waphetha ngokuthi “iziqu eziqediwe zenza umehluko emathubeni okuthola umsebenzi ofinyelela kumaphesenti angama-25, amaphuzu angama-82 lapho umholo ungaphezu kwama-euro ayi-1.500, amaphuzu angama-81 lapho umsebenzi oqinile usezingeni izifundo namaphuzu angu-92 umsebenzi oye walungiswa ukuze uvumelane nendawo oqeqeshwe futhi wafaneleka kuyo.” Ukuthola le miphumela, isimo sango-2019 sabathweswe iziqu eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili sihlaziywe.
Noma nini lapho imiphumela yokufakwa ngokuphelele yeziqu ezithile, ukuhlukaniswa kuholwa yiMedicine, enezinga lokuqashwa elingu-95%, u-91,8% wabantu abaqashiwe abahola ama-euro ayi-1.500 noma ngaphezulu ngenyanga, futhi cishe i-100% yabathweswe iziqu abasebenza ngamakhono aphezulu imisebenzi ehlobene nezifundo.
Izinhlelo zobunjiniyela eziyisishiyagalombili, kanye ne-IT, zithathe izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezilandelayo zokuhlukaniswa. Ngokukhethekile, ngohlelo olwehlayo, ubunjiniyela bezindiza, ubunjiniyela bekhompiyutha, ubunjiniyela be-Industrial Technologies, iSayensi yeKhompyutha, ubunjiniyela bezokuxhumana, iSoftware kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo kanye nobunjiniyela be-Multimedia, Ubunjiniyela bamandla, ubunjiniyela bukagesi kanye nobunjiniyela be-Electronics.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, engxenyeni engezansi yetafula, imiphumela emihle yokuqashwa kwalabo abaphothule izifundo zasenyuvesi ku-Archaeology igqamile, ngama-77% yenani lokuqashwa kanye nama-62% emisebenzi eqeqesheke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, yi-10% kuphela yalaba basebenzi abanemiholo elingana noma engaphezu kwama-euro ayi-1.500, kanti u-54% wabathweswe iziqu usebenza endaweni yokufunda.
Eminye imikhakha yokufunda enamazinga aphansi okuqashwa, ngokuya phezulu ukusuka esikhundleni sokugcina, Umlando Wezobuciko, Ukulondolozwa Nokubuyisela, Ubuciko Bezobuciko, Ukuphathwa Komphakathi Nokuphatha, Ukwelashwa Kwezemisebenzi kanye Nomlando.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngamaNyuvesi
Lo mbiko uphinde uhlukanise amathuba okuqashwa ngokusekelwe enyuvesi abafunde kuyo. Isimo esijwayelekile kulolu daba sincike kakhulu ngamadigri anikezwa yisikhungo ngasinye. Ngakho-ke, ama-polytechnics, anesisindo esibalulekile samadigri atholakala phezulu kwezinga - njengobunjiniyela nesayensi yekhompiyutha - agqama ezikhundleni eziphezulu.
Okunye okubekwe phezulu kwetafula “amanyuvesi amaningi azimele namancane, asanda kuhlela izifundo zawo zeziqu futhi akhethe ukwakheka kwamadigri anemiphumela emihle yokufaka,” ngokusho kwababhali bocwaningo.
Ngakho-ke, izinga lomhlaba wonke lokufakwa kwemisebenzi emhlabeni liholwa yiPolytechnic University of Madrid (eyomphakathi), kulandele iSanta Teresa de Jesús de Ávila Catholic University, ezimele. Okulandelayo, ngohlelo olwehlayo, ama-polytechnics aseCartagena naseCatalunya (womabili asesidlangalaleni), alandelwa yiziningana ezizimele: iNyuvesi yaseNebrija, iPontifical University of Comillas, i-Alfonso X el Sabio, i-Internacional de Catalunya kanye neYunivesithi yaseMondragón. I-Public University yaseNavarra ivala izinga labayishumi abahamba phambili.
Kunalokho, amanyuvesi aqhamuka ezifundweni ezijwayelekile zomlando nokuthi, ngenxa yemvelaphi yawo, abhekana kuphela nayo yonke imikhakha yobungcweti futhi agcine ukunikezwa kwemikhakha yolwazi enokuqashwa okuphansi, abekwe kabi kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni. Lena yisimo seNyuvesi yaseSalamanca kanye neyaseMurcia, Alicante, Granada, Huelva, Málaga kanye ne-Almería, lapho iComplutense University of Madrid kanye neNyuvesi yasePablo Olavide yaseSeville ikhona.
Kodwa-ke, ukuqashwa okuhle kwamadigri e-STEM akuvimbeli abafundi abasebasha basenyuvesi yaseSpain ekubeni nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuthola umsebenzi kunontanga yabo yaseYurophu. Ngakho, izinga lokuqashwa kwabasanda kuthola iziqu “liphakathi kwamaphesenti angu-7 nangu-8 ngaphansi kwesilinganiso se-European Union,” ngokocwaningo.
Emazweni aseYurophu (iNetherlands, iMalta, iJalimane, i-Estonia, iLithuania, iHungary, iSlovenia, iSweden, iFinland, i-Austria kanye neLatvia) kunomsebenzi omningi phakathi kwabancane abathweswe iziqu, odlula ama-90%, kanti eSpain awufinyeleli ku-77%, kuphela ngoba ngaphambi kwe-Italy neGrisi.
Ithuluzi ukucinga iziqu
Ukuze kube lula ukukhethwa kwabafundi, iziphathimandla zombiko zifake iziphetho zazo ethuluzini elithi 'Khetha Inyuvesi' kuwebhusayithi ye-U-Ranking. Ngakho-ke, kumingcele le njini yokusesha evele inayo, izinkomba zokufakwa kwezabasebenzi zabafundi abahlukene basenyuvesi yama-etstudios manje sezengeziwe, kanye nomehluko okhona kuye ngenyuvesi ebanika wona.
Ngokwabagqugquzeli, “enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko zephrojekthi ye-U-Ranking ukwenza kube lula isinqumo sabafundi sokuthi kufanele bakhethe abafundi futhi batuse ukuqeqeshwa kwabo enyuvesi.” Inketho yalowo nyaka nonyaka ihambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zamadigri anikezwayo, anamadigri angaphezu kuka-4.000 ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo, kanye nemikhawulo yamabanga anqanyuliwe nezintengo zokufunda.
