Incazelo yomkhawulo wemalimboleko enkulu
Isitezi sezinga lenzalo siyisilinganiso okuvunyelwene ngaso ebangeni eliphansi lamazinga ahlobene nomkhiqizo wemalimboleko wesilinganiso esiguquguqukayo. Izinga lenzalo lisetshenziswa ezinkontilekeni eziphuma kokunye nezivumelwano zemalimboleko. Lokhu kuphambene nenani lenzalo eliphansi.
Izitezi zesilinganiso senzalo zivame ukusetshenziswa emakethe ye- adjustable rate mortgages (ama-ARM). Ngokuvamile, lobu buncane buklanyelwe ukumboza izindleko ezihlobene nokucubungula nokusevisa imalimboleko. Izinga lenzalo livame ukuba khona ngokukhishwa kwe-ARM, njengoba livimbela izilinganiso zenzalo kusukela ekulungiseni ngaphansi kwezinga elimisiwe.
Izinga lenzalo eliphansi kanye nophahla lwezinga lenzalo kungamazinga asetshenziswa abahlanganyeli bemakethe abahlukahlukene ukuze bavikele ubungozi obuhlobene nemikhiqizo yemalimboleko yesilinganiso esintantayo. Kuyo yomibili imikhiqizo, umthengi wenkontileka ufuna ukuthola inkokhelo ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni okuxoxiswene ngaso. Esimeni sezinga lesilinganiso senzalo, umthengi wenkontileka yezinga lenzalo ufuna isinxephezelo lapho izinga elintantayo liwela ngaphansi kwesitezi senkontileka. Lo mthengi uthenga isivikelo ekulahlekelweni kwenzuzo yenzalo ekhokhwa mboleki uma izinga elintantayo lehla.
Incazelo yophahla lwethangi
Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngezigatshana zekhola, njengoba ababoleki abaningi abacindezelekile e-Spain beqhubeka nokuba yizisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngo-2013, lapho iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-Spain imemezela ukuthi ayisebenzi.
Ngicelwe ukuthi ngiphinde ngivakashele udaba lwe-Floor Clauses ngenxa yezinqumo zakamuva zeNkantolo Ephakeme. Ngesikhathi ngiqala ukubhala ngalesi sihloko, ngo-2009, wawungekho umthetho wamacala. Ngabe sengizizwa ngiphoqelekile ukuthi ngibhale futhi ngigxeke esidlangalaleni lezi zigaba zezindlu zezindlu ngoba ngangizithatha njengezihlukumezayo ngenxa yokungakhethi hlangothi kwazo zivuna ababolekisi. Babeyingozi elindele ukwenzeka. Kangangoba esihlokweni sami esithi I-10 Common Abusive Clauses in Spanish Mortgage Loans ngibanike udumo olungabazisayo lokuzifaka ohlwini kuqala. Bekufanele futhi ngengeze izigatshana ze-SWAP.
Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, ukugwetshwa kwabo kuyisenzakalo sansuku zonke esingaseyona indaba. Ngo-2013, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-Spain yasungula indlela efanayo yomthetho odabeni, yamemezela ukuthi ngokuvamile ayisebenzi futhi ayinalutho kusukela ngoMeyi 9, 2013.
Incazelo yesilinganiso esiphezulu
Izilinganiso zesilinganiso sokuphila konke zikhawulela izingozi ezihlobene nokukhuphuka kwenani elikhulu lenzalo phakathi nokuphila kwempahla ebolekiwe yomboleki, kodwa kungadala ingcuphe yezinga lenzalo komboleki uma amanani enyuka ngokwanele.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ye-mortgage etholakalayo emakethe. Ababolekayo banenketho yemikhiqizo enenani elingaguquki, lapho izinga lenzalo lihlala likhona kuyo yonke impilo yemali mboleko. Njengoba izinga lihlala njalo, abantu abanemali ebolekiwe yezinga elimisiwe bangalindela izindleko ezihambisana nezikweletu zabo. Ngokuphambene, izilinganiso zenzalo kuma-mortgages anezinga eliguquguqukayo ziyahlukahluka kuyo yonke impilo yemali mboleko. Ihlala njalo ngesikhathi sokuqala, emva kwalokho ilungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuze kube yilapho imali ebolekiwe isiphelile.
Imibandela ye-mortgage ye-ARM ikhonjisiwe encazelweni yomkhiqizo ngokwawo. Isibonelo, i-5/1 ARM idinga inani lenzalo eligxilile iminyaka emihlanu, lilandelwa inani lenzalo eliguquguqukayo elisethwa kabusha njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-12. Ababoleki ngokuvamile bangakhetha phakathi kwesakhiwo sezinga lenzalo esingu-2-2-6 noma esingu-5-2-5. Kulezi zingcaphuno, inombolo yokuqala isho i-cap yokuqala yokukhula, inombolo yesibili i-cap yezinyanga eziyi-12 yokukhula ngezikhathi ezithile, kanti inombolo yesithathu i-lifetime cap.
Umkhawulo kuzilinganiso zenzalo e-Philippines
Imithetho yemalimboleko iyabavimbela ababolekisi ukuthi bakhokhise ababolekayo inzalo ephezulu kakhulu emalini ebolekiwe. Lapho kusungulwa i-United States, amakoloni athatha imithetho yokulobola esekelwe kumodeli wesiNgisi.
Ukufakwa kwesilinganiso senzalo kutholakala emalini ebolekiwe yezilinganiso eziguquguqukayo, lapho izinga livunyelwe ukushintshashintsha phakathi nokuphila kwemali mboleko. Izimali mboleko eziguquguqukayo zingase futhi zifake imibandela yokuthi izilinganiso zenzalo zingakhuphukela ngokushesha kangakanani kulelo zinga eliphezulu. Lezi zinhlinzeko "zokwenyuka okulinganiselwe" zizosethwa cishe ngesilinganiso sokwehla kwamandla emali.
Izilinganiso zesilinganiso senzalo nezigatshana zokukhushulwa okulinganiselwe zizuzisa ngokukhethekile kubaboleki lapho amanani enzalo ngokuvamile enyuka. Uma isilinganiso senzalo esiphezulu sifinyelelwa ngaphambi kokuba imali mboleko ivuthwe, umboleki angase akhokhe inzalo engaphansi kwemakethe isikhathi eside.
Uma kucutshungulwa I-Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM), umboleki angase akwazi ukukhokha imali ebolekiwe ngamanani enzalo asebenza ngesikhathi kuxoxiswana ngaso ngodaba lwemalimboleko. Nokho, uma izilinganiso zenzalo zikhuphuka ngaphandle komkhawulo phakathi nesikhathi semali mboleko, ngokuvamile isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-15 noma engu-30, umboleki angase angakwazi ukukhokha imali ebolekiwe.
