Uyini Amandla Okuphikisana Nokuphatha?
I-Continuous Administrative Jurisdiction (LJCA) igatsha le-Judicial Power eliphethe ulwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwazo zonke izinqubo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa koMthetho, okungukuthi, lowo obhekisa kusethi ejwayelekile emiselwe ukulawulwa ukuba semthethweni maqondana nesenzo sokuphatha, kanye nokulethwa kwalo msebenzi ezinhlosweni eziwuthethelelayo, kanye nokunakwa kwazo zonke lezo zinsizakusebenza ezilawulwayo eziqhubeka ngokuphikisana nezinqumo zabaphathi abazibona zingenabulungiswa.
Ngakho-ke, i-Administrative Litigation Jurisdiction isungulelwa izinhloso zokwahlulela izimpikiswano zokuphatha kanye namacala aqhamuka maqondana nomsebenzi wezinhlangano zikahulumeni kanye nalabo bantu abazimele abaphethe ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphakathi ehlukile yezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene ezihambelana noMbuso. .
Ngokuya ngamazwe, ingxenye yokuphathwa kwezobulungiswa ingahambisana, njengasendabeni yaseSpain, noma futhi ingahle ibe senhlanganweni ephezulu yokuphatha, imvamisa uMkhandlu Wezwe, njengasendabeni yeFrance.
Umelelwe kanjani amandla we-Administrative Administrative Jurisdiction futhi yiziphi izenzo zawo?
Emandleni Okuphikisana Nokuphatha, uMbuso umelwe kakhulu yi isiphathimandla sokuphatha, futhi ekusebenzeni kwayo okuhlobene nabantu ngabanye, kwenziwa izinhlobo ezimbili zezenzo, okuyilezi:
- Ukuphathwa Kwezenzo: Ingabe yilezo zenzo lapho uMbuso usebenza njengomuntu osemthethweni, njengesifundo somthetho wangasese, lesi senzo singaba ngokugubha izivumelwano noma izinkontileka. Iziphathimandla zokuphatha zingaphansi kwezobulungiswa, ngendlela efanayo neyabantu ngabanye.
- Izenzo zeGunya: Yilezo zenzo ezenziwa nguMbuso ngokusebenzisa igunya, okungukuthi, izenzo zingenziwa "Ukuyala, ukuvimbela, ukuvumela noma ukujezisa". Kulezi zimo, igunya lingaphansi koMthetho kuphela, ngaphandle kokuthi ngezenzo ezisetshenzisiwe zingalimaza Amalungelo Ezombusazwe noma Omphakathi wabantu, kulapho isenzo uqobo sizoba isenzo esingekho emthethweni noma esihlukumezayo, ngakho-ke, kuzoba ngaphansi kokufuna.
Isimangalo esenziwe ngumuntu mayelana nezenzo ezingekho emthethweni noma ezihlukumezayo zeziphathimandla Zokuphatha Phambi Kwezobulungiswa, yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "Amacala Okuphatha". Kufingqwa-ke lapho, ukuthi lesi senzo impikiswano phakathi kwe-Administrative Authority (State) nabantu ngabanye.
Yimiphi imithetho elawula Amandla Okulawula Okuphikisayo?
Ukulawulwa kwezomthetho kwezenzo nemithethonqubo eyenziwe yi-Public Administration eSpain kuqinisekiswe ngu-Art. 106.1 woMthethosisekelo waseSpain.
Lo mbhalo u-106.1 woMthethosisekelo waseSpain yiwona omisa ukuthi “Izinkantolo” zingalawula amandla okulawula ngakho-ke ukuba semthethweni okuhambisana nesenzo sokuphatha, kanye nokulethwa kwaso ezinjongweni ezisivumelayo.
Ngokwe-Law 29/1998, kaJulayi 13, Elawula Amandla Okuphikisana-Nokuphatha, kukhombisa kubuciko bayo 1., ukuthi Izinkantolo NeziNkantolo yizo eziphethe lo myalelo wokuphikisana nokuphatha nokuthi, ngakho-ke, kumele bazi izimangalo ezinqanyulelwe maqondana nokwenziwa kweMisebenzi Yomphakathi ehambisanayo engaphansi koMthetho Wokuphatha, maqondana nezinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile zezinga eliphansi kunoMthetho futhi, noMthetho osemthethweni lapho lokhu kweqiwe ngokwemikhawulo wokuthunyelwa.
Ngubani owenza i-Public Administration?
Ngokwe-Art. 2., yoMthetho 29/1998, kaJulayi 13, Elawula Amandla Okuphikisana-Ukuphatha, okulandelayo kuzoqondwa ngemiphumela Yezokuphatha Komphakathi:
- Ukuphathwa Kwezwe Jikelele.
- Ukuphathwa Kwemiphakathi Ezimele.
- Amabhizinisi akha Ukuphathwa kwasendaweni
- Izinhlangano Zomthetho Zomphakathi ezincike noma ezixhunywe kuHulumeni, Imiphakathi Ezimele noma Amabhizinisi endawo.
Ngubani owenza i-oda lezomthetho lokuphikisana-nokuphatha?
Yenziwe yilezi zidumbu ezilandelayo:
- Izinkantolo Ezinengxabano.
- Izinkantolo zaseCentral of the Contiet-Administrative.
- Amagumbi Okuphikisana Nokuphatha Wezinkantolo Eziphakeme Zobulungiswa.
- Igumbi Lokuphikisana Lokuphatha LeNkantolo Kazwelonke.
- Igumbi Lokuphikisana. Ukuphathwa kweNkantolo Ephakeme.
Yimaphi amandla ahambelana nezinkantolo Zokubusa Okuphikisana?
Amandla ezinkantolo zokuphatha ezinombango, okuyizinkantolo zomuntu oyedwa, yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukudluliswa kohlobo lokuphikisana nolwezokuphatha oluhlobene nokuvikelwa kwezomthetho kwamalungelo ayisisekelo, izinto ezilawulwayo kanye nesinqumo sezinxephezelo ezaziza eziphathelene nezenzo zikaHulumeni noma zeMikhandlu Elawulayo Yemiphakathi Ezimele, noma ngabe ubunjalo balezi zenzo.
- Izinkontileka zokuphatha ezifanele kanye nezenzo zokulungiselela nokunikezwa kwezinye izinkontileka ezingaphansi komthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla Wokuphathwa Komphakathi.
- Mayelana nezenzo nezinhlinzeko zePublic Law Corporations, ezamukelwe ekwenzeni imisebenzi efanele yomphakathi.
- Okuhambisana nezenzo zokuphatha zokulawula noma zokuqondisa ezishiwo yi-Administration enikezayo, maqondana nalabo abayalelwe ngabanikezeli bemisebenzi yomphakathi okusho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphatha abanikezwe wona.
- Isibopho sezomthetho sokuphathwa komphakathi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi noma uhlobo lobudlelwano oluvela kukho, ukungakwazi ukumangalelwa ngalesi sizathu ngaphambi kwemiyalo yezomthetho noma yezenhlalo.
- Futhi zonke ezinye izindaba ezihlobene noma ezichazwe ngokusobala nguMthetho.
Ngaphakathi Kwamandla Okuphikisana yiziphi izenzo ezingafakwanga?
Lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo azifakwanga ku-oda Wokuphikisana Kwezomthetho:
- Lokho kukhonjiswe ngemiyalo yezomthetho, yezobugebengu neyenhlalo, noma ngabe ihlobene nomsebenzi ohambelana ne-Public Administration.
- Mayelana nesikhalazo sezempi esinengxabano.
- Mayelana nokushayisana kwamandla phakathi kweziNkantolo kanye neziNkantolo kanye nokuPhathwa koMphakathi, kanye nokushayisana kwamandla okuvela phakathi kwezinhlaka zoMnyango ofanayo.
Yiziphi izikhathi zokugcina zokufaka isikhalazo?
Isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokufaka isicelo sesikhalazo sezokuphatha singokulandelayo:
- Veza izenzo: Yizinyanga ezimbili (2) ezibalwa kusukela ngosuku olulandelayo lokushicilelwa kokuhlinzekwa okuncintisanayo okuhambisanayo noma ukwaziswa noma ukushicilelwa komthetho, lapho inqubo yokuphatha kufanele inqanyulwe, uma ivezwa.
- Izenzo ezisolwayo: okubizwa ngokuthi ukuthuliswa kwezokuphatha, lapho kukhona khona okuyisithupha (6) okuzobalwa kumfakisicelo nakwamanye amaqembu angaba nentshisekelo. Kusukela ngosuku olulandelayo lwabo bonke, okuthi, ngokwemithetho yabo ethile, kwenzeke isenzo sokuphatha esibonwayo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo Egcwele (i-TC), ngesinqumo sango-Ephreli 10, 2014, yakwenza kwacaca ukuthi lapho Abaphathi benqaba isicelo esivela kumuntu ngenxa yokuthula kwezokuphatha, asikho isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokufaka isicelo sokuphikisa ngaphambi kwengxabano- amandla okuphatha.
Icala lokudlulisa icala elinokuphikisana nokuphathwa kwesenzo empeleni
Esimweni esithile lapho isikhalazo esiphikisayo-sokuphatha siqondiswa esenzweni empeleni, isikhathi esihambisanayo sale nqubo sizobalwa izinsuku eziyi-10 kusukela osukwini olulandela ukuphela kwesikhathi esisungulwe ku-Art. 30, lapho kucacisiwe ukuthi umuntu onentshisekelo angenza isicelo kuMphathi obambile, nokusikisela ukuphela kwayo.
Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, isaziso singakenziwa noma sihanjelwe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi (10) kulandela ukwethulwa kwesicelo, lapho-ke isikhalazo esinokuphikisana nokuphatha singabhekwa ngqo, uma kunjalo, ukuthi besingekho isidingo, Ithemu kuzoba izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu (30) kubalwa kusukela ngosuku isenzo sokuphatha esiqale ngalo empeleni.
