Umthetho Wezinhlangano

Yini inhlangano?

Inhlangano ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqoqwa kwabantu noma izinhlangano ngenhloso efanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zososeshini ezincike enjongweni ezijoyinwayo. Kodwa-ke, ku- Indawo esemthethweni, izinhlangano zibonakala ngokuba ngamaqembu abantu ngenhloso yokwenza umsebenzi othile ohlanganyelwe, lapho ngendlela yentando yeningi amalungu abo ahlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​awenzi nzuzo futhi azimele kunoma iyiphi inhlangano noma iqembu lezepolitiki, inkampani noma inhlangano .

Lapho iqembu labantu lihlelelwe ukwenza umsebenzi othile wokuhlanganyela ongenzi nzuzo, kodwa onobuntu obusemthethweni, kuthiwa "Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo", lapho amalungelo angatholakala futhi, ngakho-ke, izibopho, ngalolu hlobo lobudlelwano umehluko usungulwa phakathi kwezimpahla zenhlangano nezabantu abahlobene. Phakathi kwezinye izici zalolu hlobo lokuzihlanganisa yilezi:

  • Ithuba lokusebenza ngentando yeningi ngokuphelele.
  • Ukuzimela kwezinye izinhlangano.

Yini imithetho elawula umthethosisekelo Wezinhlangano?

Mayelana nalo Mthetho woMthethosisekelo Wezinhlangano, kubhekwa ukuthi bonke abantu banelungelo lokuzibandakanya ngokukhululeka ukufeza izinjongo ezisemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, kumthethosisekelo wezinhlangano kanye nokusungulwa kwenhlangano kanye nokusebenza okufanayo, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele esungulwe nguMthethosisekelo, ezivumelwaneni zoMthetho nakwezinye izinto ezicatshangelwa uhlelo lwezomthetho.

Yiziphi izici eziyisisekelo izinhlangano okufanele zibe nazo?

Kuzinhlangano ezahlukahlukene, kunochungechunge lwezinkambiso ezithile ezisungulwa yinhlangano, ngokuya ngokulungiswa komthetho wezinto eziphilayo ophethe ukulawula ilungelo eliyisisekelo lenhlangano. Futhi lokho ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mthetho ophilayo unemvelo yokwengeza, okusho ukuthi ezimweni lapho imithetho ingalawulwa emithethweni ethile kepha uma umthetho wezinto eziphilayo uzophathwa yilokho okunikezwe kuwo. Futhi ngokubhekela okuhlinzekwa ngumthetho wezinto eziphilayo, izinhlangano kufanele ziveze ezinye izici eziyisisekelo ezizoba yilezo ezibalwe ngezansi:

  1. Inani eliphansi labantu okumele lihlanganise izinhlangano zomthetho kumele okungenani libe ngabantu abathathu (3).
  2. Kumele bakhumbule izinhloso kanye / noma imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe ngaphakathi kusoseshini, okumele kube yinto efanayo.
  3. Ukusebenza ngaphakathi kukasoseshini kumele kube ngentando yeningi ngokuphelele.
  4. Kufanele kube nokungabikho kwezinhloso zenzuzo.

Ephuzwini lesi-4) lesigaba esandulele, kuxoxwa ngokungabikho kwezinhloso zenzuzo, okusho ukuthi izinzuzo noma izinsalela zezomnotho zonyaka azikwazi ukwabiwa kozakwethu abahlukene, kepha amaphuzu alandelayo avunyelwe

  • Ungaba nensalela yezomnotho ekupheleni konyaka, okuvame ukufiseleka ngoba ukusimama kwenhlangano akuphazamiseki.
  • Iba nezinkontileka zokuqashwa ngaphakathi kusoseshini, ezingakhiwa ngozakwethu namalungu ebhodi yabaqondisi, ngaphandle uma izimiso zihlinzeka ngenye indlela.
  • Imisebenzi yezomnotho ingenziwa ekhiqiza insalela yezomnotho yenhlangano. Lezi zinsalela kumele ziphinde zitshalwe ngaphakathi kokufezeka kwezinhloso ezibekwe yinhlangano.
  • Abalingani kufanele babe nekhono lokwenza ngokuvumelana nebhizinisi futhi bangabi namandla alinganiselwe okuba maqondana nenhlangano, maqondana nesigwebo sokwahlulela noma umthetho othile, ngokwesibonelo, njengoba kunjalo ngamasosha kanye namajaji. Lapho omunye wozakwethu esemncane (ngoba kuvunyelwe), lo mkhakha unikezwa ngabazali babo noma ngabamele abameli, ngoba ukuba mncane akunamandla asemthethweni.

Yiziphi izitho ezisemqoka zeNhlangano?

Izindikimba ezakha imithetho yenhlangano zimbili ikakhulukazi:

  1. Izindikimba zikahulumeni: eyaziwa ngokuthi "Ama-Assemblies Amalungu".
  2. Izindikimba ezimele: Ngokuvamile, baqokwa phakathi kwamalungu ososeshini ofanayo (isigungu esilawulayo) futhi, ibizwa nge- "Board of Directors", yize bengaziwa ngaphansi kwamanye amagama anjengalawa: ikomidi eliphezulu, ikomidi likahulumeni, ithimba likahulumeni, ibhodi labaphathi , njll.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano inkululeko yokuhlangana isungulwe, ingasungula ezinye izinhlaka zangaphakathi lapho imisebenzi ethile ingezwa khona, njengamakomidi omsebenzi, ukulawula kanye / noma izinhlangano zocwaningomabhuku, ukwenza ukusebenza okungcono kwe-Asociation.

Yiziphi izici ezisemqoka okumele uMhlangano Kazwelonke Wenhlangano uhlangane nazo?

Umhlangano Jikelele wenziwe njengomgwamanda lapho kusungulwa khona ubukhosi benhlangano futhi obakhiwa yibo bonke abalingani futhi, izici zawo eziyisisekelo yilezi ezilandelayo:

  • Kufanele bahlangane okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ngendlela ejwayelekile, ukuze bavume ama-akhawunti onyaka ophela futhi bafunde isabelomali sonyaka ozoqala.
  • Izingcingo kufanele zenziwe ngendlela engajwayelekile lapho kudingeka ukuguqulwa kwemithetho yedolobha nakho konke okuhlinzekelwe kuyo.
  • Ozakwethu uqobo bazobeka izimiso kanye nendlela yokwamukelwa kwezinqumo zomthethosisekelo wenhlangano ngekhoramu edingekayo. Uma icala lokungalawulwa yimithetho livela, Umthetho Wezinhlangano ubeka le mibandela elandelayo:
  • Ukuthi ikhoramu kumele yakhiwe yingxenye yesithathu yabalingani.
  • Izivumelwano ezisungulwe emihlanganweni zizonikezwa yiningi labantu abaqeqeshiwe abakhona noma abamele, kulokhu amavoti okuvuma kufanele abe yiningi uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezingezinhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amavoti akhombisayo kumele adluliswe ngesigamu, izivumelwano ezihlongozwayo kuzoba izivumelwano ezihlobene nokuhlakazwa kwenhlangano, ukuguqulwa kweMithetho, ukwakheka noma ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla kanye nomholo wamalungu esigungu esimele.

Ngokomthetho osunguliwe, yini ukusebenza kweBhodi labaQondisi ngaphakathi kweNhlangano?

IBhodi labaQondisi lingumzimba omele ophethe ukwenza abaphathi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yamabandla futhi, ngakho-ke, amandla alo azodlulela, ngokujwayelekile, kuzo zonke izenzo ezizibandakanya enjongweni yenhlangano, inqobo nje uma bekwenza alidingi, ngokuya ngeZitatimende, ukugunyazwa okucacile okuvela kuMkhandlu Kazwelonke.

Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwendikimba emele kuzoncika kulokho okusungulwe kwiZitatimende, inqobo nje uma kungaphikisani noMthetho osungulwe ngokuya nge-Article 11 ye-Organic Law 1/2002, kaMashi 22, Regulating the Right to Association, kufaka okulandelayo:

[…] 4. Kuzoba nenhlangano emele ezophatha futhi imele intshisekelo kasoseshini, ngokuya ngemibandela kanye nemiyalo yoMkhandlu-Jikelele. Osondelene nabo kuphela abangaba yingxenye yomzimba omele.

Ukuze ube yilungu lezinhlangano ezimele inhlangano, ngaphandle kokubandlulula kulokho okusungulwe ezimisweni zabo, izidingo ezibalulekile kuzoba: ukuba seminyakeni yobudala esemthethweni, ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele kwamalungelo omphakathi futhi ungazibandakanyi nezizathu zokungavumelani ezisunguliwe emithethweni yamanje.

Kuyini ukusebenza kweNhlangano?

Mayelana nokusebenza kwenhlangano, lokhu kufanele kube ngentando yeningi ngokuphelele, okuhumusha, ngokujwayelekile, ngokomhlangano, ngochungechunge lwezici ezithile ezinhlanganweni ezahlukahlukene, ezinqunywa ngosayizi womhlangano wabalingani bayo. , uhlobo lwabantu abalwakhayo, ngokwenhloso yebhizinisi futhi ngokujwayelekile, ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezidingwa yinhlangano.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi bonke abalingani empeleni bayalingana enhlanganweni, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphakathi kososeshini kungaba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzibandakanya, ngayinye inemisebenzi namalungelo ayo. Esimweni esinjalo, amalungu ahlonishwayo angaba nezwi kepha angavoti emihlanganweni ethile.

Uyini umthetho osebenzayo kuma-Assemblies?

Inhlangano ilawulwa ngamaningana Imithetho ethile. Eminye yale mithetho midala futhi mifushane.

Phakathi kwale mithetho kukhona I-Organic Law 1/2002, kaMeyi 22, elawula ilungelo lokuhlangana, ngesisekelo sokungezelela. Lapho kudalula khona, lezo zimo ezeqisayo ezingalawulwa emthethweni wezinga langaphakathi futhi, uma kunjalo, zizosebenza kulokho okusungulwe kumthetho wezinto eziphilayo.

Ezimweni ezikhethekile, njengalezo ezibhekisa ezinhlanganweni eziqeqeshiwe noma zebhizinisi, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi uMthetho Ocacisiwe noMthetho we-Organic kumele uphathwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemithetho ejwayelekile ngokwemvelo, le iyasebenza ezinkampanini ezinesilinganiso sokusebenza esiyisisekelo esilinganiselwe emphakathini owodwa ozimele. Umphakathi Ozibusayo, ubhekisa kulowo mphakathi oshaye umthetho ngalokho, into engazange yenzeke kuyo yonke eminye imiphakathi.

Ngalesi sizathu, umthetho osebenzayo osebenza ezinhlanganweni ezingenzi nzuzo ungahlelwa ngezigaba ezintathu ezichazwe ngezansi: 

  1. IMITHETHO KAHulumeni.

  • I-Organic Law 1/2002, kaMashi 22, elawula i-Right of Association.
  • IRoyal Decree 1740/2003, yangoDisemba 19, ngezinqubo ezihlobene nezinhlangano zezinsiza zomphakathi.
  • IRoyal Decree 949/2015, ka-Okthoba 23, evuma iMithethonqubo yeRegistry Kazwelonke Yezinhlangano.

  1. IMITHETHO YESIFUNDA

I-Andalusia:

  • Umthetho 4/2006, kaJuni 23, ku-Associations of Andalusia (BOJA no. 126, kaJulayi 3; BOE no. 185, ka-Agasti 4).

Iziqhingi zaseCanary:

  • Umthetho 4/2003, kaFebhuwari 28, kwiCanary Islands Associations (BOE no. 78, ka-Ephreli 1).

ICatalonia:

  • Umthetho 4/2008, ka-Ephreli 24, wencwadi yesithathu ye-Civil Code yaseCatalonia, ephathelene nabantu bezomthetho (BOE no. 131 kaMeyi 30).

Umphakathi waseValencian:

  • Umthetho 14/2008, kaNovemba 18, ku-Associations of the Valencian Community (DOCV no. 5900, kaNovemba 25; BOE no. 294, kaDisemba 6).

Izwe laseBasque:

  • Umthetho 7/2007, kaJuni 22, we-Associations of the Basque Country (BOPV No. 134 ZK, kaJulayi 12; BOE No. 250, ka-Okthoba 17, 2011).
  • Isimemezelo 146/2008, sangoJulayi 29, esivuma iMithethonqubo Yezinhlangano Zomphakathi Nezokuvikela (i-BOPV No. 162 ZK, ka-Agasti 27).

  1. IMITHETHO ETHILE.

Izinhlangano Zentsha:

  • IRoyal Decree 397/1988, yango-Ephreli 22, elawula ukubhaliswa Kwezinhlangano Zentsha

Izinhlangano Zabafundi:

  • Isigaba 7 se-Organic Law 8/1985 ngelungelo lemfundo
  • IRoyal Decree 1532/1986 elawula Izinhlangano Zabafundi.

Izinhlangano zabafundi baseyunivesithi:

  • I-athikili 46.2.g yoMthetho we-Organic 6/2001, kaDisemba 21, emaNyuvesi.
  • Ezindabeni ezingakhonjiswanga emthethweni owedlule, kufanele sibheke ku-Isinqumo 2248/1968, kuzinhlangano zabafundi naku-Order kaNovemba 9, 1968, emithethweni yokubhaliswa kwezinhlangano zabafundi.

Izinhlangano zezemidlalo:

  • Umthetho 10/1990, ka-Okthoba 15, kwezemidlalo.

Izinhlangano zobaba nomama:

  • Isigaba 5 se-Organic Law 8/1985, kaJulayi 3, esilawula ilungelo lokufunda.
  • IRoyal Decree 1533/1986, kaJulayi 11, elawula izinhlangano zabazali babafundi.

Izinhlangano zabathengi nabasebenzisi:

  • IRoyal Legislative Decree 1/2007, kaNovemba 16, evuma umbhalo obukeziwe woMthetho Jikelele Wezokuvikela Abathengi Nabasebenzisi neminye imithetho ehambisanayo.

Izinhlangano zebhizinisi nezobuchwepheshe:

  • Umthetho 19/1977, wango-Ephreli 1, wokulawulwa kwe-Right to Trade Union Association.
  • IRoyal Decree 873/1977, yango-Ephreli 22, idiphozi yemithetho yezinhlangano ezisungulwe ngaphansi koMthetho 19/1977, elawula ilungelo lenhlangano yezinyunyana.

Umthetho Ohambisanayo:

  • Umthetho 13/1999, ka-Ephreli 29, ku-Cooperation for the Development of the Community of Madrid
  • Umthetho 45/2015, ka-Okthoba 14, Wokuzithandela (ezweni lonke)
  • Umthetho 23/1998, kaJulayi 7, we-International Development Cooperation
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