Ilungelo lokuthotyelwa
NguBarbara A. Gimbel noEdward J. Andersen Imfundiso yokuthotyelwa ivumela umbolekisi ukuba athathe indawo yokuqala, oko kukuthi, ukuya phambili, njengomnini-mali, nkqu nomntu wesithathu ofake ikhonkco lakhe kuqala kwaye wayengenalo ulwazi lwangaphambili. yemali yomboleki. Eli nqaku lixubusha umgangatho kunye nemigaqo yawo esisiseko.
Kwityala lemali-mboleko yemali-mboleko, ukuthotyelwa ngaphandle kwemfundiso eyaziwa ngokuba "ngowokuqala ngexesha, okokuqala ekunene" umgaqo wokumisela ukuba ngubani ophambili xa amaqela amaninzi efake i-lien kwipropati. kubalulekile ukuqonda imithetho jikelele elawula ukubekwa phambili kwe-lien.
Umgaqo "wokuqala ngexesha" uthatyathwe kwingqikelelo yokubaluleka kobuqhetseba. Isibophelelo sisibophelelo okanye ibango elinye iqela elinalo kwipropati yomnye ngenxa yetyala.2 Ityala elibhalwe “kuqala kwangexesha” kwiofisi yobhaliso efanelekileyo ye-ofisi idla ngokubaluleka kwaye inelungelo lokwaneliseka kwangaphambili ipropati ebophelela kuyo.3
I-mortgage luhlobo lwesivumelwano semvumelwano kwipropathi yokwenyani.4 Ngokukodwa, imali-mboleko "yinzala kumhlaba owenziwe ngesixhobo esibhaliweyo esibonelela ngokhuseleko kwipropathi yokwenyani ukukhusela intlawulo yetyala." kunye noMthetho we-Illinois Conveyance Law, i-mortgage lien iyadalwa kwaye igqitywe ngokurekhodwa kwe-mortgage kwirejista efanelekileyo yezenzo.5
Ukuthotywa ngokulinganayo ekuThinjweni nasekuThinjweni
I-mortgage yinzala yokhuseleko edityaniswe kwipropati, kwaye ihlawulwe ngemali ebolekiweyo. Le nzala yokhuseleko isebenza njengoluhlobo lwesibambiso sokubuyisela imali mboleko ethathwe ebhankini okanye kwelinye iziko lezemali, ukwenzela ukuhlawula ipropati.
Umzekelo woku kuxa umntu efuna ukuthenga indlu, kodwa engenayo imali eyaneleyo yokuyithenga ngokwakhe. Ibhanki okanye omnye umbolekisi ubonelela ngemali yokuthenga indlu okanye ipropati, kwaye i-mortgage ibekwe kwipropati. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukuba umboleki uyasilela kwimali-mboleko yakhe, umbolekisi unelungelo lokuthabatha loo propati.
Igama elithi subrogation libhekisa kwingqikelelo ebanzi enxulunyaniswa nolungiso lobulungisa. Ilungelo lokuthotyelwa livumela elinye iqela ukuba litshintshwe endaweni yomboleki-mboleko, ukuze kufumaneke ukubuyiswa komonakalo okanye ilahleko kumntu onetyala. Eli qela lithathelwe endaweni ke lifumana amalungelo omboleki-mali kumtyali. Ngaloo ndlela, unokuqokelela ngokuthe ngqo kumntu onetyala. Ngokusisiseko, umntu wesithathu ufumana la malungelo kumbolekisi xa ehlawula yonke imali ayityalayo.
Umthetho wePropati - iNgxowa-mali yokubambisa (Icandelo 2)
I-Fed. Corp.v. I-Zepeda ilwela ukuba umbolekisi okhupha i-lien yangaphambili esemthethweni kwipropati yomboleki unelungelo lokuthotyelwa ngokulinganayo, nokuba umbolekisi uyasilela ukulungisa isiphene esinokulungiswa kumaxwebhu emboleko. Isigqibo sinconywa njengoloyiso lwababolekisi, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba kuxhamle ababoleki ngokwenza imali-mboleko ifumaneke ngokulula. Ukuphonononga izibonelelo zoMgaqo-siseko waseTexas ezinxulumene nemali mboleko yezindlu kunye nemfundiso yokuthotyelwa okulinganayo kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwesigwebo. Ngaphantsi kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo, iimali mboleko zezindlu zanqatshelwe nguMgaqo-siseko waseTexas ngaphambi kwe-1998. Ngaloo nyaka, imimiselo emitsha yongezwa kwiSiqendu XVI, iCandelo 50 loMgaqo-siseko waseTexas, ukuphakamisa ukuvinjelwa. Nangona iimali mboleko zezindlu ngoku zivunyelwe, amalungiselelo amatsha aqulathe, njenge
Garofolo v. I-Ocwen Loan Servicing LLC, "i-litany yemigaqo nemiqathango efunwayo." Ukusukela ngo-1998, izibonelelo ezingakumbi zongezwa kwiNqaku lama-50. Kwakhona, iinkundla zaseTexas kudala ziyithanda imfundiso yokuba umntwana wabanye abantu. Ukuthobela kunokuchazwa njengokutshintshwa komntu omnye endaweni yomnye ngokubhekiselele kwibango elisemthethweni okanye ilungelo. Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, umntu omnye uzibeka endaweni yomnye kwaye unelungelo lokumisela amalungelo omnye umntu ngokuchasene nomntu wesithathu. Owona mzekelo waziwa kakhulu wenzeka xa inkampani yeinshorensi ihlawula i-inshorensi yayo ngomonakalo kumntu okanye kwipropathi ebangelwe kukungakhathali komnye umntu. Inkampani yeinshorensi ithi ke ithathelwe phantsi kumalungelo omntu ofakwe kwi-inshorensi ngokuchasene nomntu wesithathu kwaye inokufaka ibango ngokuchasene naye.
Utshintshiselwano lwezivumelwano
«... inyaniso nje yokunikela ngemali emiselwe ukuhlawula ityala lomnye ayiniki lungelo lokuthabatha umbolekisi onetyala lakhe lihlawulwe. Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka kubekho into engaphezulu ... xa inkundla, ijonga iinyani, ifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba oko kwakujoliswe phakathi kwamaqela ngokwenene kwakuyimali mboleko engakhuselekanga, akukho ndawo yemfundiso yokuthotyelwa. Oku kufana nemeko ebonwe kwisigwebo endisandula ukusifunda, kuba ukusebenzisa imfundiso yokuthotyelwa kwimeko enjalo, eneneni, kuya kubeka umbolekisi kwindawo engcono kunokuba axoxisana naye xa enyusa imali. "
Ngesi sicelo sokuqala, ummangali ubanga ummangalelwa, inkampani ekubhangisweni ngokuzithandela kwabatyalwayo, ukuba ivakalise ukuba inelungelo kwimali emele ingeniso yentengiso yezakhiwo ezithile eyaziwa ngokuba yi-22-27 Nevern. Isikwere, kwiNkundla ka-Earl. Eli tyala langoku lilandelelwano kwityala leBurston Finance Ltd v Speirway Ltd elalungiswa nguWalton J ngo-1974 kwaye iinyani zingachazwa ngokufutshane ngokufutshane.
