umthetho wokhuseleko
Uhlaziyo lokutsalwa kwenzala ye-Mortgage (MID) lunokunyusa ingeniso yerhafu yomanyano kwaye yenze inkqubo yerhafu iqhubele phambili. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abarhafi, ngakumbi abo banemivuzo ephezulu, banokuthi banciphise nakuphi na ukonyuka kwerhafu okuhambelana nohlaziyo ngokuthengisa ii-asethi ezithile eziyimali kunye nokuhlawula amatyala abo okubambisa. Esi senzo sinokuyinciphisa ingeniso yomanyano enxulumene nohlaziyo kwaye sinokwenza ukuba uhlaziyo lwe-MID lube nenkqubela kancinci kunokuba beluya kuba njalo.
Ndiyabulela kwisibonelelo esivela kuPeter G. Peterson Foundation, iZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo weRhafu (i-TPC) liyakwazi ukulinganisa iziphakamiso zohlaziyo lwe-MID, kubandakanywa nemiphumo yabahlawuli berhafu abasabela kwiinguqu ngokuhlawula ityala le-mortgage kunye nempahla yabo yezemali. Sinikezela ngemizekelo ethile kwincwadi yetshathi, ebonisa ingeniso kunye nokuhanjiswa kweziphumo zokubolekwa kwe-mortgage.
Uhlaziyo lwe-MID kudala ingumxholo wengxoxo yomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu kuba yinkuthazo embi kumakhaya anengeniso ephakathi, abangafane batsale izinto ezitsalwayo, ukuba bathenge ikhaya. Kwangaxeshanye, uxhuzulo lukhuthaza amakhaya anengeniso ephezulu ukuba aboleke ukuthenga amakhaya amakhulu, abiza kakhulu kunokuba atyale imali kwezinye izinto. I Tax Cuts and Jobs Act iphantse yaphinda kabini ukuxhuzulwa okusemgangathweni kwaye yavala urhulumente kunye nokuxhuzulwa kwerhafu yengingqi kwi $10.000 iminyaka yerhafu 2018 ukuya ku-2025. Ngenxa yoko, inani labarhafi bezinto ezitsalwayo kunye nokubanga i-MID linyukile. I-MID yayigxininiswe kakhulu ekupheleni kokusasazwa kwengeniso.
Uphuma njani kwimali mboleko
I-Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi wenziwa ngokuphendula ingxaki yezemali ye-2007-2008. Lo mthetho, othiywe ngabaxhasi bawo uSenator Christopher J. Dodd (Democrat of Connecticut) kunye noMmeli uBarney Frank (Democrat of Massachusetts), uqulethe amalungiselelo amaninzi, achazwe kumaphepha angama-848, awayeza kuphunyezwa kwiminyaka eliqela.
I-Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi ngumthetho omkhulu wokuguqulwa kwezemali owaphunyezwa kwi-2010, ngexesha lolawulo luka-Obama. UMthetho woHlaziyo lweDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi - ngokuqhelekileyo washunqulelwa kuMthetho weDodd-Frank - waseka uluhlu lwee-arhente ezintsha zikarhulumente ezinikwe umsebenzi wokongamela amacandelo ahlukeneyo omthetho kwaye, ukongezelela, imiba eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yezemali.
Xa uDonald Trump wonyulwa njengomongameli kwi-2016, wathembisa ukutshitshisa uDodd-Frank. NgoMeyi 2018, ulawulo lweTrump lusayine umthetho omtsha ochitha iindawo ezibalulekileyo zeDodd-Frank. Ukubambisana nabagxeki, iNkomfa yase-US yadlulisela i-Economic Growth, i-Regulatory Relief, kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi, owawususa iindawo ezibalulekileyo ze-Dodd-Frank Act. Yasayinwa ukuba ibe ngumthetho nguMongameli welo xesha uTrump ngoMeyi 24, 2018. Nanga amanye amagatya omthetho omtsha, kunye nemimandla ethile apho imithetho yayinyenyisiwe:
CFpb Mortgage
Isihloko XIV soMthetho, obizwa ngokuba nguMthetho woHlaziyo lwe-Mortgage kunye ne-Anti-Predator Lending Act, useka imigangatho ephantsi yemali-mboleko yokuhlala, ulawula imbuyekezo ye-mortgage broker, kwaye wandisa ukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye neemfuno zokubhengezwa kombolekisi. Ikwadala iOfisi yeeNgcebiso zeZindlu ngaphakathi kwiSebe leZindlu lase-US kunye noPhuhliso lweDolophu (HUD). Uhlengahlengiso lweSiqendu XIV luqalisa ukusebenza phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibhozo emva kokubhengezwa koMthetho.
Lo Mthetho umisela imigangatho ethile yomanyano lwemali-mboleko yendawo yokuhlala eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi banolwazi kwaye banakho ukuhlawula iintlawulo zabo zokubambisa. Uninzi lwemithetho emitsha edweliswe ngezantsi inokuchaphazela imisebenzi "yomsunguli wemali-mboleko," echazwa njengaye nabani na ofumana isicelo semali mboleko yokuhlala, oncedisa umenzi-sicelo, okanye uthethathethwano ngemigaqo-mboleko:
Lo Mthetho useka iOfisi yeeNgcebiso ngeZindlu ngaphakathi kwiSebe leZindlu noPhuhliso lweDolophu. I-ofisi yenzelwe ukuququzelela iingcebiso malunga nobunini bendlu, i-mortgages kunye nerenti efanayo. Iya kumisela imigangatho yezinto ezisetyenziswa kwezo ngcebiso, ikhuthaze iingcebiso, iqhube iinkqubo zemfundo, kwaye ibonelele ngoncedo lwemali kwimibutho ebonelela ngengcebiso.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukubandakanya uhlaziyo kwi-mortgage? 2021
Ukudakumba kwezoqoqosho ngo-2008 kwabangelwa inxalenye yokuqhuma kwe-bubble yezindlu. Kwaba lula kakhulu ukuyifumana imali yokubambisa, yaye uninzi lwazo lwalunemirhumo eyayisenza kube nzima ngabo babeboleka ukuhlawula amatyala abo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaba wabo uhla ngexabiso.
Isihloko XIV silungisa iNyaniso kuMthetho wokuBoleka (15 USC 1631) ukuseka umsebenzi wokhathalelo kubo bonke abaqambi bezindlu, nto leyo eya kufuna ukuba bafaneleke ngokufanelekileyo, babhaliswe kwaye banikwe ilayisenisi njengoko kuyimfuneko, kwaye bathobele nayiphi na imimiselo eyilwe yi-Federal Reserve. Ibhodi yokongamela imisebenzi yayo. Jonga i-15 USC § 1639 (a), i-15 USC § 1639 (b) (Dodd-Frank § 1402). Abaqalayo bezindlu-mboleko bathintelwe ekufumaneni imbuyekezo elingana nesixa-mali semali-mboleko, ekufuneka inciphise inkuthazo kubavelisi bezindlu-mboleko ukuba baqondise ababoleki kwimali-mboleko yezindlu zokuhlala apho umboleki akanako ukuyibuyisela. Jonga i-15 USC § 1639 (b) (uMthetho weDodd-Frank § 1403). I-Federal Reserve Board inamandla okuthintela ukubolekwa kwemali okukhohlisayo, okungalunganga, okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi, kwaye inokulawula yonke i-mortgages yokuhlala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imimiselo inomdla wabathengi kunye noluntu. Bona id. (Dodd Frank Act § 1405).
