i-surrogacy
I-subrogation isoloko isetyenziswa kwi-inshurensi. Inkampani yeinshorensi ihlawula i-inshurensi yayo ngelahleko equkwa yipolisi. I-inshurensi ke iqalise inyathelo lokubuyisela intlawulo yayo kumntu ozenzo zakhe okanye ukungenziwa kwakhe kubangele ilahleko ye-inshurensi. I-inshurensi iqalisa isenzo egameni lomntu ofakwe kwi-inshorensi, kodwa umngcipheko kunye nemivuzo yesenzo kunye ne-inshurensi. Kuthiwa i-inshurensi ifakwe phantsi kwamalungelo abantu abafakwe kwi-inshurensi.
I-subrogation inokusebenza kwimeko ye-mortgage. Le mfundiso yashwankathelwa kwimeko yesiNgesi ngo-1908 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: “Xa umntu wesithathu, ngokucelwa ngumthengisi-mboleko, ehlawula i-mortgagor yokuqala ngenjongo yokuba abe ngowokuqala ukubambisa ipropati, uba, ngokungabikho kobungqina be-mortgagor. injongo echaseneyo, kwilungelo lolingano eliza kubekwa, ngokubhekiselele kwipropati, kwindawo yomboleki wokuqala”.
Esi siphakamiso siye saphuculwa kule minyaka idlulileyo, kodwa isiphakamiso esisisiseko sihlala sisebenza. Ngaba abafaki zicelo zemboleko-mali abaphoxekileyo basamthemba? Kunjalo. Imali ebolekwayo idla ngokulahleka, imali yokubambisa yangaphambili ibuyiswa, kwaye ngandlel’ ithile imali-mboleko efanelekileyo ayibhalwa. I-Toronto-Dominion Bank v. INedem sisigwebo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-Ontario ka-2012 esijongana nesi sindululo.
Uqinisekiso lwezindlu nezindlu
Kwityala lakutshanje, iBank of America, NA v. Diamond Financial, LLC, iDocket yeNkundla yeziBheno No. 14-P-1315 (Okthobha 30, 2015), iNkundla yeZibheno Massachusetts ngokulinganayo subrogated kwindawo yokuqala ephambili a mortgage eyanikwa Bank of America (BOA) kwi yesibini pre-ezikhoyo. imali-mboleko enikezelwe kwiDiamond Financial. Ikhaba ingxabano ye-Diamond Financial yokuba i-BOA inelungelo lomthetho olwaneleyo ngenxa yelungelo layo lokumangalela inkampani ye-inshurensi yetayitile, iNkundla yahlula i-BOA ye-mortgage ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba imali ye-BOA ye-boa isetyenziselwe ukuhlawula i-mortgage yokuqala yangaphambili eyayithathe indawo yokuqala ngaphezu kweDayimane. Imali yokubambisa ngemali.
Ityala lavela emva kokuba i-BOA iboleke umninimzi nge-$ 344.000, apho malunga ne-$ 330.000 yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlawula imali yokuqala. I-BOA ikhusele imali mboleko yabo ngento ababekholelwa ukuba yinto entsha yokuqala yokubambisa kwipropati. Nangona kunjalo, ekwenzeni imali-mboleko, i-BOA ayiphumelelanga ukufumana i-mortgage yesibini ebhalisiwe ngokufanelekileyo i-collateralizing i-50.000 yeedola kwi-Diamond Financial. Ekubeni i-Diamond Financial mortgage yayingekho phantsi kwe-BOA mortgage, ekucinyweni kwe-mortgage yokuqala yangaphambili, i-Diamond Financial mortgage yaba yinto yokuqala ephambili. Oku kwakuyinyaniso, nangona i-Diamond Financial okanye i-BOA yayingayazi le nyaniso ngelo xesha. Xa umninimzi engazange ahlawule kwi-BOA mboleko, i-BOA yaqala inkqubo yokuvalwa. Inkqubo yothimbo yanqunyanyiswa xa i-BOA yafumanisa ukuba i-Diamond Financial mortgage. I-BOA ifake isimangalo sokuhlawula ngokulinganayo i-mortgage yayo ephambili kunaleyo ye-Diamond Financial.
ukuthotyelwa kwezindlu
Ukuthotyelwa ngumgaqo wolingano (kunye nolungiso) oluvela xa omnye umntu enike isibonelelo komnye kwiimeko apho loo mntu efumene ukutyetyiswa ngokungekho sikweni. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuba iqela elikhutshiweyo kwityala okanye kwimbophelelo yomnye umntu linelungelo, ngokunyanzeliswa ngokomthetho, lokumisela amalungelo kunye nezinto ezinomdla kumntu wesithathu ngokunxulumene nesibophelelo esixeliweyo ngokuchasene nelinye iqela.
Ukuthotyelwa kunokuvela xa umntu eboleka imali komnye umntu ngaphandle kwamandla akhe okuboleka, xa omnye umntu esebenzisa imali ukuhlawula imali-mboleko etyalwa umntu wesithathu. I-surrogacy iya kubangela ukuba umntu wokuqala athathe indawo yomntu wesithathu. I-subrogation ingaba ngokubhekiselele kumalungelo omntu obolekayo onetyala lakhe licinyiwe kwaye ngokulandelelana kwamalungelo akhe okuqinisekisa ukulingana.
I-subrogation inesicelo esibanzi kunobudlelwane phakathi kwabanamatyala kunye nababolekisi. Idlulela ngaphaya kommandla wokutyebisa ngokungekho sikweni. Ngokona kuqonda ngokubanzi, lulungiso lolingano jikelele, olunokusetyenziswa ziinkundla. Isenokubonelelwa okanye ilawulwe ngokwemiqathango yekhontrakthi. Inokunyanzeliswa ngumthetho. Inokunikezelwa ngesivumelwano.
ukuhlaziywa kwezindlu
I-mortgage yinzala yokhuseleko edityaniswe kwipropati, kwaye ihlawulwe ngemali ebolekiweyo. Le nzala yokhuseleko isebenza njengoluhlobo lwesibambiso sokubuyisela imali mboleko ethathwe ebhankini okanye kwelinye iziko lezemali, ukwenzela ukuhlawula ipropati.
Umzekelo woku kuxa umntu efuna ukuthenga indlu, kodwa engenayo imali eyaneleyo yokuyithenga ngokwakhe. Ibhanki okanye omnye umbolekisi ubonelela ngemali yokuthenga indlu okanye ipropati, kwaye i-mortgage ibekwe kwipropati. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukuba umboleki uyasilela kwimali-mboleko yakhe, umbolekisi unelungelo lokuthabatha loo propati.
Igama elithi subrogation libhekisa kwingqikelelo ebanzi enxulunyaniswa nolungiso lobulungisa. Ilungelo lokuthotyelwa livumela elinye iqela ukuba litshintshwe endaweni yomboleki-mboleko, ukuze kufumaneke ukubuyiswa komonakalo okanye ilahleko kumntu onetyala. Eli qela lithathelwe endaweni ke lifumana amalungelo omboleki-mali kumtyali. Ngaloo ndlela, unokuqokelela ngokuthe ngqo kumntu onetyala. Ngokusisiseko, umntu wesithathu ufumana la malungelo kumbolekisi xa ehlawula yonke imali ayityalayo.
