Rubén M. Mateo.- Umthetho ohlukeneyo ocinga ngokuthatha umhlalaphantsi njengelungelo kwaye kungekhona njengesibophelelo. Khuthaza umsebenzi wamavolontiya angaphezu kweminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphantsi. Lungisa ukugqithisela okukhoyo kumhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha. Guqula ingqondo kwaye uxabise iingcali eziphezulu kwiinkampani ezinesivumelwano somvuzo omkhulu. Ezi zezinye zeengcamango eziye zavela kulo Lwesine, ngoJanuwari 19, kwintlanganiso 'yeTalente ePhakamileyo eSpeyin naseYurophu' (erekhodiweyo elipheleleyo linokufumaneka kule khonkco), eyayibanjelwe kwikomkhulu le-Association of Registrars yaseSpain kwaye yakhuthazwa. nguJubilare, iforamu yokulwa nokucwaswa kunye neengcamango eziye zacalula abantu kuphela ngenxa yobudala babo.
Ngethuba lomcimbi, owawuboniswa nguDulce Calvo, umlawuli we-CSR yoMbutho weeRejistra, kwaye imodareyithwe nguRafael Puyol, umlawuli weYunivesithi yaseLa Rioja (UNIR), isithethi uPuyol ngokwakhe, kunye nezithethi uAlfonso Jiménez (iqabane lika-Alfonso Jiménez). I-Exec Avenue) kunye ne-Iñaki Ortega, i-PhD kwi-Economics kunye noNjingalwazi e-UNIR. Kule meko, uya kusebenza kwizihloko ezinje ngemeko yedemografi, imarike yabasebenzi ephezulu kunye noshishino okanye iingcebiso kunye nezenzo zeenkampani zaseSpain naseYurophu.
“Ayenzi ngqiqweni into yokuba abantu basetyhini baphile iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesithandathu (86) nengamashumi asibhozo ananye (81) emadodeni, kukho abantu abathatha umhlala-phantsi xa beneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesibini (52), njengoko kusenzeka kumacandelo athile ezoqoqosho,” utshilo uRafael Puyol. Ukuchasana nale nyaniso, umongameli we-UNIR ucele utshintsho kumthetho nakwingqondo. “Kuyimfuneko ukuba sifikelele kumgaqo-nkqubo wemvumelwano kweli lizwe phakathi kwabadlali abakhulu abangenelela kwimalike yemisebenzi. Ulawulo kufuneka lube negalelo ngakumbi kubukho be-asethi kwimarike yabasebenzi. Iimanyano kufuneka ziqiniseke ukuba ibango lokuba abantu abadala bathatha imisebenzi kubantu abatsha alixhaswa ziingxoxo eziqinileyo. Iinkampani zibonelele ngesixhobo sendlela yokusebenza kakuhle kunye noqeqesho ukuze abasebenzi babo bakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza”, ugxininise uPuyol.
Kwangokunjalo, ucebise ukuba kusekwe amaqela amacandelo ahlukeneyo alungiselelwe abantu abadala kunye nabantu abatsha abanegalelo elingcono kubo. “Kufuneka ubaqinisekise abasebenzi ukuba ubomi obulindelekileyo obuza kudlula kwiminyaka engama-90 kungekudala, ayenzi nentlupheko ukubathatha umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka engama-30 kwangaphambili,” uphendule watsho.
Isithethi senza isidlo kwisimo sabantu apho umsebenzi wabantu abadala (ukusuka kwi-55 ukuya kwi-69 iminyaka) eSpeyin naseYurophu yaphuhliswa. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokuhla kwezinga lokuzalwa kunye nobukho obukhulu bamazwe angaphandle, ngaphezu kokumisela inkqubo yokuguga. Iziphumo ziguqulela kwiphiramidi yabasebenzi kunye nobukho obuphantsi babantu abatsha abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-16 kunye ne-29, inxaxheba enkulu yabafuduki, ubukho obukhulu babasetyhini xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe aseYurophu kunye nenani elikhulu labantu abadala ukugqiba izikhewu ezishiywe. abatsha.
UPuyol ubalule imiqobo ethile eyenza kube nzima kubantu abadala ukugcina umsebenzi wabo. Kwamanye amazwe, umzekelo, isiko lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha lisekho. ISpain yenye yazo. “Kukho i-ageism ethile ejongela phantsi ubukho babantu abadala kwindawo yengqesho. Ezinye iingxabano kukuba bathatha imisebenzi kubantu abatsha, banemivuzo ephezulu, ukungabikho koqeqesho olwaneleyo kunye nezakhono zeteknoloji yedijithali ", kuchaza umongameli we-UNIR, ukuchaza ukuthelekisa phakathi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu kwintsimi yengqesho ephezulu.
Umzekelo, amazwe aneyona modeli ibalaseleyo yomsebenzi ziiNordics. Amazwe akuMbindi Yurophu afana neJamani neFransi akanazo iziphumo ezibi kwaye kubi eMpuma Yurophu. Kwaye ayilunganga kumazwe asezantsi, apho iSpain inikezela ngeyona datha ixhalabisayo. “Sinawona mazinga asezantsi okukhula kwabantu abaqeshiweyo abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nama-69. Sinelona zinga libi kakhulu lengqesho kweli qela leminyaka”, xa sithelekisa idatha yaseSpain namanye amazwe asemazantsi anjenge-Italiya nePortugal.
“Kunqabile ukuba sisebenzise ixesha elithile njengesicwangciso somsebenzi. E-Netherlands yi-30%. ESpain sineeveranda ezihlekisayo. Umntu ebesebenza full izolo athathe umhlala phantsi akasebenzi tu. Ezilahlekileyo zizithuba eziququzelela olu tshintsho ukusuka kumsebenzi ukuya kwisithuba esifanelekileyo. Kunye ne-Italiya, sinelona zinga liphezulu labantu abangaphangeliyo ”, utshilo. Kwaye into exhalabisa ngakumbi: iSpain iphambili kumazwe anentswela-ngqesho ixesha elide. Xa kuthelekiswa namazwe asemantla, iSweden inereyithi yokusebenza koosodolophu abaneminyaka engama-55 kunye nama-65%. Izinga lengqesho yi-62%. ESpeyin inani lemisebenzi yi-47% kwaye inani lengqesho yi-42%. “ESpain kukho indawo yokuphuculwa kwecandelo labadala. Sililizwe elifana neFransi, elinenkcubeko yokonwaba kwangoko”, uqukumbele watsho.
Ukuzisebenzela, "indlela yokuphuma kwi-ageism"
Kwelakhe icala, u-Alfonso Jiménez, ihlakani kwi-Avenue ye-Exec, ugxile kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo kunye noshishino lwabasebenzi abaphezulu. Ngexesha lentetho yakhe, uye waqinisekisa ukuba zininzi iinkampani ezinesicwangciso sokutshintsha abantu abadala, "ekucingelwa ukuba zibiza kakhulu, ziphelelwe lixesha kwaye ziphelelwe lixesha kwizakhono zabo", ebandakanya abantu abatsha ekucingelwa ukuba "bangabizi kakhulu, bazinikele ngakumbi kwaye bazilungiselele ngakumbi". ngaloo ndlela igxeka ukuthanda ubudala okukhoyo kumaqumrhu amaninzi.
Esinye sezalathi zobo budala kwaye "esona sikhohlakeleyo," watsho, kukuba amathuba okufumana umsebenzi womnye umntu kulo mntu uneminyaka engama-50 oqala umsebenzi wokuqala uya ehla. Phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 kunye ne-54 kukho ithuba elithile. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka engama-55, eli thuba liba ngu-zero.
Indlela yokuphuma kumsebenzi okanye umphathi ongaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 kukuzisebenzela, wacacisa uJiménez. ESpain kukho ngaphezu kwe-900.000 yabaxhasi abazisebenzelayo kwiRETA abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala. Oku kuthetha i-28% yabantu abazisebenzelayo bebonke.
“Sekuyiminyaka ngoku, iimodeli zomhlala-phantsi zingabinasisa kwaye zisivumele ukuba sinciphe ukuba sibe nomgangatho wokuphila ofana nowomnye umntu de kufike umhlalaphantsi. Kukho imfuneko yezoqoqosho yokugcina umgangatho wokuphila kwaye injongo nayo ayinakuwonakalisa ilifa lemveli. Yinto yaseYurophu.
Kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu, umsebenzi ozisebenzelayo uyimbacu”, wachaza umqeshwa we-Exec Avenue, owachaza njengelungileyo eSpeyin ukuba abasebenzi bethu abaphezulu bavelisa imisebenzi emininzi kunokuba amazwe aseYurophu ahlalutywayo. "Ukuzisebenzela kuyindlela yokuphuma kwi-ageism, kukho ulwazi oluncinci kwimarike kwaye kufuneka yakhiwe ngokusekelwe kwi-intuition kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngovavanyo kunye nephutha," wagxeka.
Utshintsho lwengcongolo
Ithathelwe ingqalelo kwimeko efanelekileyo, u-Iñaki Ortega, unjingalwazi e-UNIR, waqinisekisa ukuba iSpain "lelinye lawona mazwe abalaseleyo emhlabeni ukuba ngumntu omdala". Phakathi kwezinto ezilugcinayo, ubude bobomi obuphezulu kakhulu -okwesithathu emhlabeni- kunye nomgangatho wobomi obalaseleyo. Icandelo eliphezulu linethamsanqa lemeko yezoqoqosho kwilizwe lethu. Baninzi abantu abadala abasebenzayo: izigidi ezi-4. Phakathi kwabo, oosomashishini abaninzi kunye nabazimeleyo. Isithandathu kwi-10 ye-euro echithiweyo ivela kubantu abadala. Inye kuzo zonke ii-euro ezi-4 zeGDP ivela kubantu abadala. Kwaye ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobalo lonyulo. Kwakhona banamalungelo angakumbi ezindlu, apho uninzi lwabo, abasibhozo kwabali-10, banezindlu ezihlawulelwayo, sacacisa sacacisa isithethi. “Kubonisa ukuba sisizukulwana esongayo, esiqhubeka sigcina kwaye sixhasa kakhulu. Bayanda abantu abadala abanceda abantu ababangqongileyo. Bavelisa izigidi ezininzi zeerhafu zengeniso. Basasebenza njengamasekela, oosodolophu, ooceba. Ukuqhubeka nokuhamba. Sijongene nendawo entle yokuba ngabantu abadala, apho amaziko ezempilo ahamba nawo ”, ugxininise watsho.
Inqanaba eliphezulu lokungabikho kwemisebenzi, elikhankanyiweyo, linokuba lithuba leSpeyin, kwaye kuya kuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa ithuba lokusebenzisa imida yamathuba. "Kunzima ukuthetha, kodwa kufuneka kuthiwe. Sisebenza iminyaka embalwa kunabalingane bethu baseYurophu. Usebenza ngaphantsi kweYurophu iphela. Kubantu baseSpeyin abali-100 abakwaziyo ukusebenza, abangama-40 benjenjalo kwiqela elineminyaka engama-55 ukusa kwengama-69 ubudala. Kwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu kukho i-60, malunga namanqaku angama-20 ngaphezulu. Oko kucacisile imida yamathuba esinawo”, washwankathela, ukwenza uthotho lweengcebiso zokukhuthaza icandelo eliphezulu.
Phakathi kweyangaphambili, isivumelwano esikhulu selizwe esaphula inkcubeko esekelwe kwiinkulungwane ezininzi sityhila apho izibonelelo zokuqhubeka nokusebenza kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokusebenza. Phakathi kweenzuzo, ucoceko lwenkqubo yoluntu, kunye nokonga okukhulu. “Ikwavumela impilo engcono ukuba isebenze, ukuhlala eluntwini, uzive uluncedo. Kungcono ukuba nabasebenzi abaninzi kunabambalwa. Kuya kubakho uxinzelelo olukhulu kwimarike yezemisebenzi kuba akukho siqabu. Kufuneka sizise abantu abasuka phesheya okanye abo balapha baqhubeke nokusebenza,” utshilo u-Ortega, ebethelela ukuba inokuba lithuba elihle kwiinkampani.
“ISpain inokuba sisalathiso sehlabathi kuqoqosho oluphezulu. Iinkampani zaseSpain kufuneka zizame ukubonelela ngempahla kunye neenkonzo kwaye zibe nabantu abaphezulu kwiinkampani zabo. Abanakonwabela izibonelelo zokuphila ixesha elide ukuba abanaye umntu ophezulu osebenzayo. Kwenzeka njani ukuba uqonde imarike entsha emele i-1 kwii-euro ezi-4 ukuba awunaye umntu ophezulu? Kwenzeke ntoni kwamanye amaqumrhu? Kuye kwaba nokuphononongwa kwabathengi abaphezulu abaye bathi sibadala, kodwa kungekhona i-idiots kwaye kufuneka basilinde kakuhle. Ukuba babenomntu ophezulu, oku kwakungeke kwenzeke ", wakhusela owayesakuba yipalamente yaseBasque, owaqinisekisa ukuba "injini yezoqoqosho yamazwe iya kuba yimibhobho, ubudala kwaye sinethamsanqa ukuba eSpain siqhubekile".
Ngokunjalo, ucaphule ezinye iinkampani zaseSpain kunye nezamazwe aphesheya eziye zayiqonda le nyani kwaye zithathe iimephu kulo mbandela ngeenkqubo ezinikezelwe kubantu abadala. Izenzo ezilungileyo zoshishino, ngokutsho kwe-Ortega, kufuneka zenziwe zezinye iinkampani ukuxhasa le "revolution kamoba." Ukubonakala kwabantu abadala abasasebenzayo kuya kunceda ukugcina abanye bekhuthele. Ukwazi izenzo ezilungileyo zeenkampani kuya kukhokelela abanye ukuba benze njalo kwaye bashiye izenzo ezidlulileyo ezifana nokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwabadala, ukugqamisa uprofesa, owafuna uqeqesho olungakumbi kunye "ne-activism ephezulu enempilo".
Ubukho abakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo
Kodwa, ngaba kukho umntu ophezulu kwiiforamu zengxoxo? Ngaba kukho abantu abadala ababandakanyekayo ekufumaniseni ukuba kukho uqeqesho olunokwenziwa? Ngaba bakho abantu abadala abaye bayishiya ingcamango yokuba ukusebenza ixesha elide kuluncedo? Ngaba bathatha inxaxheba kwiiforam zengxoxo? Le yeminye yemibuzo ekuye kwafuneka izithethi ziyiphendule ebudeni beentlanganiso. “Nangona kungekho bukho baneleyo kwindawo yezigqibo, ndiyabona ukuba iyakulumkisa. Amaziko ajongene noku namhlanje ayakhula. Kuya kuba lula ukudibanisa imikhosi, kuba iyakwenza ukuba kube lula ukuqhubela phambili ngakumbi ekwandiseni ulwazi ”, waphendula uRafael Puyol.
U-Iñaki Ortega uthi kukho ukungafani phakathi kwabaphathi bakhe kunye nokumelwa kwakhe ekwenzeni izigqibo. “ESpain kukho i-26% yamasekela angamagqala. Abamelwanga kakuhle kubantu abadala eSpain, i-40% yabo. Kuya kubakho ucalucalulo phakathi kwamalungu owiso-mthetho olungahambelani nabantu abadala”, ucacise watsho unjingalwazi we-UNIR, nothe kwinkcazo-ntetho yakhe sele ekhankanyile umbutho wabasebenzi abadla umhlala-phantsi eUnited States, umbutho onezigidi zabantu abadala kwaye ovumelanayo ngomba omkhulu. inxalenye yezigqibo zabucala nezipapashiweyo ezipapasha imbumba.
Kwicala lakhe, u-Alfonso Jiménez wajongana nomba wokunqanda abasebenzi abaphezulu ngenxa yemicimbi yerhafu. Ubonise ukungangqinelani okuliqela kwinkqubo yokwenza imali yomhlalaphantsi ihambelane nomsebenzi omkhulu. “Akulunganga ukubeka iintonga kwiingcali ezivumbulula eminye imisebenzi. Yonke into enento yokwenza nokuvelisa ingeniso kunye nomhlalaphantsi osebenzayo yinto ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kumthetho”, washwankathela.
Unokufikelela ekurekhodweni okupheleleyo kwewebhu kule khonkco.
