Umthetho woLawulo lweNkundla

Yintoni uLawulo oluPhikisanayo?

Igunya elinokuphikisana nolawulo (i-LJCA) lisebe laMandla oMthetho elijongene nolwazi kunye nokuhlolwa kwazo zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa koMthetho, oko kukuthi, leyo ibhekisa kwiseti yesiqhelo emiselwe ulawulo ukuba semthethweni ngokubhekisele kwisenzo solawulo, kunye nokungeniswa kwalo msebenzi kwiinjongo eziwuthethelelayo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwabo bonke oovimba abalawulwayo abaqhubeka ngokuchasene nezisombululo zolawulo abazibona zingenabulungisa.

Ke ngoko, i-Administrative Litigation Jurisdiction isekwe ngenjongo yokugweba iingxoxo zolawulo kunye nezimangalo ezivelayo ngokubhekisele kwimisebenzi yamaziko oluntu kunye nabo bantu babucala banoxanduva lokwenza imisebenzi yangaphakathi eyahlukeneyo yamalungu ahlukeneyo ahambelana noRhulumente. .

Kuxhomekeka kumazwe, inxenye yolawulo lwezomthetho inokuhambelana, njengoko kunjalo eSpain, okanye inokuba ikwangumbutho ophetheyo ophezulu, ngokubanzi liBhunga likaRhulumente, njengaseFrance.

Umelwe njani uLawulo lweNkundla oPhetheyo kwaye zithini isenzo salo?

Kulawulo Oluxabisekileyo, uRhulumente umelwe ikakhulu ngu igunya lolawulo, kwaye ekusebenzeni kwayo ngokunxulumene nabantu, zimbini iintlobo zezenzo ezenziwayo, zezi:

  • IMithetho yoLawulo: Ngaba ezo zizenzo apho uRhulumente esebenza njengomntu osemthethweni, njengomthetho wabucala, eli nyathelo lingenziwa ngokubhiyozela izivumelwano okanye izivumelwano. Igunya lolawulo lixhomekeke kwezomthetho, ngendlela efanayo kwimeko yabantu.
  • Izenzo zeGunya: Zizenzo ezenziwa nguRhulumente ngegunya, oko kukuthi, amanyathelo anokwenziwa "Ukuyalela, ukuthintela, ukuvumela okanye ukohlwaya". Kwezi meko, igunya liphantsi koMthetho kuphela, ngaphandle kokuba xa kusenziwa izinto ezinokuthi zenzakalise amaLungelo ezoPolitiko okanye amaLungelo abaNtu, kulapho isenzo ngokwaso siya kuba sisenzo esingekho mthethweni okanye esihlukumezayo, ke ngoko, iya kuba phantsi kwebango.

Ibango elenziwe ngumntu malunga nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni okanye zokuhlukumeza igunya loLawulo phambi kweGunya lezomthetho, yinto eyaziwa ngokuba "Ulawulo Lwezimangalo". Isishwankathelo ke, ukuba lo mthetho yingxabano phakathi koGunyaziwe woLawulo (State) nabantu.

Yeyiphi imithetho elawula uLawulo oluPhikisayo?

Ulawulo lwezomthetho lwezenzo kunye nemigaqo eyenziwe luLawulo lukaRhulumente eSpain luqinisekiswe ngu-Art. 106.1 woMgaqo-siseko waseSpain.

Inqaku le-106.1 loMgaqo-siseko waseSpain lelona limisela ukuba "iiNkundla" zinokulawula amandla olawulo kwaye ke ukuba semthethweni okuhambelana nomsebenzi wezolawulo, kunye nokungeniswa kwawo kwiinjongo eziwuthethelelayo.

NgokomThetho 29/1998, kaJulayi 13, elawula uLawulo lweNgcaciso-kuLawulo, ibonisa kubuGcisa bayo 1., ukuba iiNkundla kunye neeNkundla zijongana nomyalelo wempikiswano kunye nolawulo kwaye, ke ngoko, kufuneka bazi amabango ancitshisiwe ngokunxulumene nokwenziwa kolawulo oluhambelanayo noluntu oluphantsi koMthetho woLawulo, ngokubhekisele kumalungiselelo ngokubanzi ezinga elingaphantsi koMthetho kananjalo, kunye noMthetho wezomthetho xa kugqithisiwe ngokwemimiselo Abathunywa.

Ngubani owenza uLawulo loLuntu?

Ngokwe-Art. 2., yoMthetho 29/1998, kaJulayi 13, elawula uLawulo lweNkundla yokuPhatha, oku kulandelayo kuya kuqondwa ziziphumo zoLawulo lukaRhulumente:

  • Ulawulo Jikelele lweLizwe.
  • Ulawulo loLuntu oluZimeleyo.
  • Amaqumrhu enza uLawulo lwasekhaya
  • Amaqumrhu oMthetho kaRhulumente axhomekeke okanye aqhagamshelene noRhulumente, uLuntu oluZimeleyo okanye amaQumrhu asekuhlaleni.

Ngubani owenza uMgaqo woLawulo lweNkundla oPhikisayo?

Yenziwe ngala mabhunga alandelayo:

  • Iinkundla Zempikiswano.
  • Iinkundla zoMbindi woLawulo-lweSigqibo.
  • Amagumbi aphikisayo olawulo eeNkundla eziPhezulu zezoBulungisa.
  • Igumbi lokuLawula leNkundla kaZwelonke.
  • Igumbi elinomdla. Ulawulo lweNkundla ePhakamileyo.

Ngawaphi amagunya ahambelana neeNkundla zoLawulo eziXhalabisayo?

Ulawulo lweeNkundla eziphikisanayo, eziziiNkundla zomntu omnye, zezi zilandelayo:

  • Isibheno soluhlobo lolawulo olunempikiswano nolunxulumene nokhuseleko kumthetho wamalungelo asisiseko, izinto ezilawulwayo kunye nesigqibo sembuyekezo eyayiza ngokunxulumene nezenzo zikaRhulumente okanye amaBhunga aLawulayo aBantu abaZimeleyo, nokuba uhlobo lwezi zenzo.
  • Izivumelwano zolawulo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezenzo zokulungiselela nokunikezelwa kwezinye iikhontrakthi eziphantsi komthetho wokuthengwa kwempahla kuLawulo loLuntu.
  • Ngokumalunga nezenzo kunye nezibonelelo zeMibutho yoLuntu kaRhulumente, eyamkelweyo ekwenzeni imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoluntu.
  • Yintoni ehambelana nezenzo zolawulo okanye zolawulo ezinyanzeliswa nguLawulo, ngokubhekisele kwabo bayalelwa ngabanikezeli beenkonzo zikarhulumente ezichaza ukusetyenziswa kwamagunya olawulo abawanikiweyo.
  • Uxanduva lukazwelonke kulawulo loluntu, nokuba luhlobo luni lomsebenzi okanye uhlobo lobudlelwane oluvela kulo, ukungabinakho ukumangalelwa ngenxa yesi sizathu phambi kwemiyalelo yaseburhulumenteni okanye yezentlalo.
  • Yonke eminye imicimbi enxulumene okanye echazwe ngokucacileyo nguMthetho.

Ngaphakathi kulawulo olunempikiswano zeziphi izinto ezingabandakanywa?

Le miba ilandelayo ayifakwanga kumthetho wokhuphiswano:

  • Abo babangelwe yimithetho yaseburhulumenteni, yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neyezentlalo, nokuba banxulumene nomsebenzi ohambelana noLawulo lukaRhulumente.
  • Ngokubhekisele kwisibheno esilawulayo somkhosi.
  • Ngokubhekisele kungquzulwano lolawulo phakathi kweeNkundla namaTyala kunye noLawulo lwaBantu, ngokunjalo nongquzulwano lwamandla avela phakathi kwamaqumrhu oLawulo olunye.

Ngawaphi amaxesha amisiweyo okugcwalisa isibheno?

Imihla emiselweyo yokufayilisha isibheno nolawulo lwesibheno imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

  • Veza izinto: Zimbini (2) iinyanga zibaliwe ukusukela kusuku olulandelayo emva kokupapashwa kwesibonelelo esikhuphisanayo esihambelanayo okanye ukwaziswa okanye ukupapashwa komthetho, apho inkqubo yolawulo kufuneka ipheliswe, ukuba iyachazwa.
  • Izenzo zetyala: kubizwa ukuthula, apho kukho ezintandathu (6) eziza kubalwa kumenzi wesicelo kunye namanye amaqela anomdla. Ukusukela ngosuku olulandelayo kubo bonke abo, ngokwemigaqo yabo ethile, isenzo sokulawula esicinga ukuba senzeka.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko epheleleyo (i-TC), kwisigwebo sika-Epreli 10, 2014, yaqinisekisa ngokucacileyo ukuba xa uLawulo lusikhaba isicelo esivela kumntu ngenxa yokuthula, akukho xesha limiselweyo lokufaka isibheno phambi kwengxabano- Ulawulo lwezolawulo.

Ityala lesibheno-lolawulo lesenzo ngenene.

Kwimeko apho isibheno-sezolawulo sibhengeza ngokuchasene nesenzo, ixesha elingqinelanayo lenkqubo liyakuba ziintsuku ezili-10 ngokubalwa ngokukodwa ukusukela kusuku olulandelayo emva kokuphela kwexesha elimiselwe ku-Art. 30, apho Ucacisile ukuba lowo unomdla unakho ukwenza isicelo kuLawulo olubambeleyo, ecacisa ukuphela kwalo.

Ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo, isaziso besingakhange siqulunqwe okanye singazinyaswanga kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi (10) emva kokubekwa kwesicelo, isibheno esinempikiswano nolawulo sinokuchazwa ngokuthe ngqo, ukuba imeko ikho, ukuba bekungekho mfuneko, ixesha liyakuba ngamashumi amathathu (30) eentsuku ukubala kususela kumhla apho isenzo solawulo saqala khona.