La UMthetho woNcedo lwezoMthetho simahla, isekwe kuthotho lwezibonelelo kunye neengcebiso zasimahla ezinikwa abantu abathile abakwimeko yokujongana nenkqubo yezomthetho kwaye abanazo izixhobo ezaneleyo zokuhlawula iindleko kubangelwe yile nkqubo.
Le nkonzo ibonelelwa ngurhulumente okanye yimibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente, ukwanelisa ilungelo lokukhuselwa kwezomthetho kunye nenkqubo enesiqinisekiso esikhulu sokulingana nokuzimela, okusekwe kwinyani yamaLungelo oKhuselo omntu ngamnye otyholwayo.
Ngale nto UMthetho woNcedo lwezoMthetho simahla, abantu abaxhamlileyo banokususa iindleko ezinxulumene nokumangalelwa kwaye ngale ndlela, banokufumana iingcebiso zangaphambili ezinxulumene nokhuselo kunye nokumelwa simahla kwengcali, kule meko, "umkhuseli woluntu" kunye nentatheli ».
Ngubani onelungelo lokufumana uNcedo oluSimahla lwezoMthetho?
Njengoko isekiwe ku-Art. 2, woMthetho 1/1996, kaJanuwari 10, kuNcedo oluSimahla lwezoMthetho, bonke abo bakhankanywe ngezantsi banelungelo lokufumana uncedo lwasimahla kwezomthetho eSpain:
- Bonke abo bantu bendalo abangabemi baseSpain okanye abo baphambukeli bahlala ngokusemthethweni kumhlaba waseSpain nabangqina ukungonelanga kwezixhobo zoqoqosho kwisimangalo.
- Bonke abo bantu basemthethweni, abangabemibutho yoluntu okanye abanxulumene neziseko ezibhaliswe kwiRegistry yoLuntu, abacela kwaye baqinisekise ukuba abanazo izixhobo ezaneleyo zokumangalela.
Ukwazi ukuba ngawaphi na amatyala obutyebi bengonelanga, kukho i-Public Multiple Effects Income Indicator (IPREM), ekuthe ngayo umvuzo wonyaka wabantu abacela uNcedo lwezoMthetho lwaSimahla ungathelekiswa, nekungafuneki ukuba kugqithiswe kwimida ebekiweyo. kwesi salathisi. Kulo nyaka i-2021, i-IPREM yenyanga nganye yi-564,90 euros. Masibone ngokulandelayo, xa le ngeniso ingenakugqithwa:
- Kwimeko yoku, iphindwe kabini i-IPREM yabo bantu bangadityaniswanga kwiyunithi yosapho.
- Xa i-IPREM idlulisiwe amaxesha amabini anesiqingatha kwimeko yabo bantu badityaniswe kwiyunithi yosapho enamalungu angaphezu kwamane.
- Izihlandlo ezithathu i-IPREM yezo yunithi zeentsapho ezinamalungu amane okanye nangaphezulu.
Kwelinye icala, bonke abo bantu bangamaxhoba obundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesini, ukurhweba ngabantu, iingozi, ubugrogrisi, bonke abantwana nabantu abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni okanye abagula ngengqondo baya kuba nelungelo lokuNikwa uNcedo lwezoMthetho Simahla. kwaye, ke, abanazo izibonelelo zemali.
Uncedo lwasimahla kwezomthetho ngokoMgaqo-siseko waseSpain.
Ngokomgaqo-siseko waseSpain wango-1978, inyani yokuqinisekisa nokunikezela ukhuseleko kwezomthetho kubo bonke abayifunayo iyasekwa. Amazwi amiselweyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
"Ubulungisa buya kukhululeka xa oko kubonelelwe ngumthetho, kwaye nakweyiphi na imeko, ngokubhekisele kwabo babonisa ukungonelanga kwezixhobo zokumangalela."
Nje ukuba oku kumiselwe, isigqibo esibonelela okanye esala ubulungisa simahla kummangalelwa sigqitywa ngokubanzi yiKhomishini yezoBulungisa simahla esebenza kummandla oceliweyo kuwo, ochaza oku kulandelayo:
1) Umbutho kunye noLawulo: Umyalelo wezomthetho ubeka ilungelo lokukhuselwa kwezomthetho, ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezijolise ekunikezeleni ngeendlela eziyimfuneko kwilungelo lokuba yinyani kwaye isebenze. Lo myalelo woku-odola ezi nkonzo sele zikhankanyiwe zenziwe ngokomThetho woNcedo oluSimahla lwezoMthetho. Iinkonzo zihlala zinikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo ziingcali zezoMthetho kunye neOfisi yeGqwetha Jikelele, ngemibutho eyahlukeneyo yeeBhari, exhaswa yimali yoluntu. Ukongeza, zilungelelaniswa liBhunga Jikelele lamaGqwetha aseSpain, eliliqela elijongene nokuba ngumlamli wokuqala phakathi kommi kunye nolawulo oluhambelanayo.
2) Izibonelelo: Ngokobugcisa 6, woMthetho woNcedo lwezoMthetho simahla, ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo ziyasekwa:
- Nika ingcebiso kunye nesikhokelo ngaphandle kwentlawulo phambi kwenkqubo yabo bonke abo banenjongo yokubanga ukhuseleko olufunekayo malunga namalungelo kunye nemidla, kwimeko yokuphepha ungquzulwano lwenkqubo okanye, ngokungathi kunjalo, lihlalutye ukusebenza kwebango.
- Nikezela ngoncedo lwegqwetha kumntu ovalelweyo okanye ovalelweyo ongamtyumbanga, kwimeko yayo nayiphi na inyathelo lamapolisa elingelilo isiphumo senkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho eqhubekayo okanye ekubonakala kwakhe okokuqala phambi kwenkundla, okanye Ityala elinjalo, xa liqhutywa ngoncedo lwezomthetho kwaye umntu ovalelweyo engonyulanga igqwetha kuloo ndawo linikezelwa kuyo.
- Ukunikezela ngokhuseleko kunye nokumelwa simahla ligqwetha elinikezelweyo kunye negqwetha kwinkqubo yezomthetho.
- Ukufakwa simahla kwezipapasho okanye imiyalelo, ekuhambeni kwenkqubo, ngokupapashwa kumaphephandaba asemthethweni.
- Ukuxolelwa kwintlawulo yedipozithi eyimfuneko ekufayilisweni kwezibheno.
- Nikezela ngoncedo lwengcali simahla malunga nenkqubo yokujongana nabasebenzi bezobuchwephesha ababelwe kwimibutho yolawulo okanye, kwizikhundla zamagosa, imibutho okanye iinkonzo zobugcisa ezixhomekeke kuLawulo loLuntu, xa kukho ukunqongophala kweetekhnoloji umba wokuba uyaphendulwa kwaye, xa uncedo lweengcali ezixhomekeke kumaqumrhu ezolawulo okanye kulawulo lukarhulumente ngokwazo alunakwenzeka.
- Ukufumana, simahla, iikopi, ubungqina, izixhobo kunye nezinto ezibhaliweyo, ngokwemiqathango ebonelelwe ngokwe-Art. 130 yeMigaqo yeNotarial.
- Ukuncitshiswa kwama-80% ala malungelo erhafu anikezelwa ngokunikezelwa kwemisebenzi yoluntu kunye nokufumana iikopi kunye nobungqina bencwadi obungakhankanywanga kwizinto zangaphambili kwaye, ezibonelela ubudlelwane ngqo nenkqubo kwaye ezifunekayo ngabo iqumrhu lezomthetho.
- Yonke imisebenzi yesiko ekubhekiswa kuyo kwizinto zangaphambili ayizukufunyanwa xa umntu onomdla engqina umvuzo ongaphantsi komvuzo ophantsi wobungcali.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba njengoko ukutshintshwa kwe-ofisi kuhlawulwa ngenkxaso-mali, kufuneka babhengezwe kwiirhafu ezingqinelana neNgxelo yeNgeniso njengengeniso.
3) Ububanzi: Kwakhona, nguMthetho woNcedo lwezoMthetho oluSimahla oluseka ukuba ngubani oza kulonwabela eli lungelo lokufumana uncedo lwasimahla kwezomthetho, ukongeza ekumiseni ukuba ngubani onokulufumana ngenxa yezixhobo ezingonelanga zokumangalela. Ngale ndlela, kwiNqaku lesi-3, iimfuno eziyimfuneko zimiselwe ukuze zikwazi ukufikelela kwezi zibonelelo zoNcedo lwezoMthetho oluSimahla, phakathi kwazo:
- Kubantu bendalo:
-Ukuba abantu abayicelileyo bangadluli kwizibonelelo okanye kwingeniso yezoqoqosho ebalwe rhoqo ngonyaka kwezi ngcinga zichazwe ngasentla kwaye iyunithi nganye yosapho ayidluli kabini i-IPREM ebisebenza ngexesha lokwenza isicelo esichaziweyo.
-Xa iKhomishini yoNcedo lwaMthetho yasimahla ihoye zonke iimeko ngokubhekisele kubume bosapho lomenzi-sicelo, njengenani labantwana okanye abaxhomekeke kuwe, inqanaba lezempilo, ukukhubazeka, uxanduva lwezezimali, iindleko ezivela ekuqalisweni kwenkqubo okanye ezinye iimeko ezixhasa oko. Umenzi-sicelo uthathelwa ingqalelo ekwimeko ekhethekileyo, nangona engagqithanga nje kabini kwi-IPREM, kodwa ukuba oovimba abazidluli izihlandlo ezine kwi-IPREM, bathathe isigqibo sokubanika ilungelo lokufumana uncedo lwasimahla lwezomthetho.
-Ukuba kuncitshiswe ekukhuseleni amalungelo kunye neemfuno zakho.
- Kubantu abasemthethweni:
-Zonke ezo zinto zibhengeziwe zenkonzo yoluntu okanye iziseko ezibhalisiweyo kwiRegistry yoLawulo ehambelanayo
-Abo bazisa isiseko serhafu kwiRhafu yeNkampani engaphantsi kwesixa esilingana namaxesha amathathu e-IPREM kubalo lonyaka.
