Phantsi kwesi saci sichane kakhulu, 'iMathematika iyasimanya', uSuku lweMathematika lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lubhiyozelwa namhlanje kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko lubhengezwe yiNkomfa Jikelele yama-40 ye-UNESCO ngo-2019. Olu suku lukhethekileyo, ngoMatshi 14 ( 03/14), amanye amazwe akhumbula iPi. Usuku (qaphela ukuba inxalenye ingena kunye needesimali ezimbini zokuqala zelo nani zingqinelana nendlela efinyeziweyo yokubonisa usuku, ukuqala ngenyanga), kwaye oku ngokuqinisekileyo kuyenye yezinto ezingaguquguqukiyo eziqondwa ngakumbi ngabemi njengoko zinxulunyaniswa nezibalo, sagqiba kwelokuba lo ngowona mhla ufanelekileyo wesiganeko esinjalo.
Umgqugquzeli wesi siqubulo, umfundi wenkosi yaseCanada kwijiyometri yealgebra, uYuliya Nesterova, wabonisa ukuba ngeli binzana wayefuna ukubonisa ukuba imathematika lulwimi oluqhelekileyo esinalo sonke kunye nesifundo esidibana nayo.
IMathematika iyasidibanisa njengezidalwa zentlalo, njengesixhobo kwi-teknoloji nakwimfundo, isinceda senze amaqhina kunye nomnye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yijografi, ubutyebi, isini, inkolo, ubuhlanga, njl. Ngelishwa, imeko yangoku yamazwe ngamazwe iye yaba nzima kumnqweno womanyano lwehlabathi loluntu, kwaye ibangele ukuhlukaniswa kwamanye amazwe esele iqalile ukuba nemiphumo engathandekiyo kwinkalo yophando lwezenzululwazi (jonga ngale ngqiqo inqaku elilandelayo) . Olona tshintsho lukhawulezayo ibe lutshintsho lwendawo yeNkongolo yaMazwe ngaMazwe yooSolwazi (ICM; esona siganeko sikhulu semathematika samazwe ngamazwe) esasiza kuba seSaint Petersburg ngoJulayi ozayo. Amakhulu aliqela iingcali zezibalo zaseRashiya zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukugxeka kabukhali uhlaselo olungenasihlahla lwelizwe labo iUkraine, bekhalazela indlela eliza kuthoba ngayo isidima selizwe labo lehlabathi njengeziko lezibalo eliphambili, isikhundla ebesisoloko besibambe phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, lonke ilizwe eliphucukileyo nelinoxolo liya kuzama ukulungisa imeko ngeziganeko ezahlukeneyo. ESpain, ukusukela kwiveki ephelileyo kuye kwabanjwa imisitho eyahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke, ukulungiselela oko. Phakathi kwabo, i-CEMat (iKomiti yeMathematika yaseSpain) iphakamise iinkomfa kunye neendibano zocweyo, ezinye ziphantse, ukukhuthaza ootitshala ukuba badibanise nabafundi, nangona amaziko abo okufunda ayengenalo ithuba lokuququzelela imicimbi yobuso ngobuso. Ezi ntetho zirekhodiweyo kwaye nabani na unokuzibona nanini na xa efuna. Kamva, kuye kwaboniswa imiba ethile engqalileyo ekuye kwaxutyushwa ngayo kunye nendlela onokuyinandipha ngayo. Ukhuphiswano olujoliswe kubafundi nakwizikolo lukwabiziwe, umsitho wabo wokuwonga uya kuba namhlanje kwidolophu yaseDon Benito (Badajoz). Ngokunjalo, iRoyal Spanish Mathematics Society (RSME) kunye neMyuziyam yeSizwe yaseThyssen-Bornemisza iya kuthatha inxaxheba kumabhaso eeprojekthi eziphumeleleyo zokhuphiswano lweMaThyssen, injongo yayo ikukuhlola unxibelelwano phakathi kobugcisa nemathematika.
Ezinye iiyunivesithi kunye namaziko okufunda sele ebhiyozela olu suku iminyaka eliqela, ke kulo nyaka zininzi izindululo, uninzi lwayo lufumana ifomathi yobuso ngobuso. Sibhekisa apha kuphela kwisampulu yomxholo omncinci ofikelelekayo kuso nasiphi na isixhobo esisisebenzisayo ukuze umfundi afumane umbono wendlela oluya kuhamba ngayo usuku. Umzekelo, iYunivesithi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid iququzelele ukhuphiswano olunemingeni emibini (enye ithiyori, enye isetyenziswa ngaphezulu) kunye nentetho, ngo-16:30 p.m., enesihloko esixhokonxayo esithi 'Kwaye wena, uyibopha njani imitya yezihlangu zakho? ? ', enikelwa nguMarithania Silvero Casanova, weYunivesithi yaseSeville (ikhonkco kwintetho ngentsimbi yesithathu emva kwemini ibonakala kwikhonkco). Kuya kubakho nemiboniso, efana ne-Natural Geometry, e-Bizkaia Aretoa ye-UPV/EHU (Bilbao), ukususela nge-8 kaMatshi ukuya kwi-18 ukusuka kwi-8: 00 ukuya kwi-20: 00 ebusuku. . Lo mboniso uhlanganiswe neefoto nguPilar Moreno, uLucía Morales, u-Inmaculada Gutiérrez noLeopoldo Martínez, ehamba kunye nemibhalo emifutshane ecacisayo.
Asilibali ngePi
Kwenye yeentetho umlingane wethu uRafael Ramírez Uclés, ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseGranada, wakuxelela malunga 'neMathematika emangalisayo' (kwikhonkco unokufikelela kwintetho epheleleyo, leyo, njengabo bonke abanikiweyo, inomdla kwaye iyacetyiswa) , ephakamisa lo mbuzo ulandelayo: Zingaphi izikwere ezifana nesinomthunzi ezingena ngaphakathi kwesangqa esisibonayo? Ewe kunjalo, singakwazi 'ukunqunqa' izikwere zibe ngamalungu amancinci. Kuyabonakala ukuba ngaphantsi kwezine, ekubeni, ukubeka umzekelo ngama-quadrants (enye esiyibonayo ifakwe kwi-quadrant yokuqala, sicinga ukuba imvelaphi yenkqubo yokulungelelanisa iphakathi kwesangqa), inxalenye yezikwere. kuyo nganye kuzo kuvele i-quadrant.
Kwakhona kuyaqondakala ukuqinisekisa ukuba enye yazo, nokuba zimbini, ibhaliswe ngokulula, njengoko sibona kumfanekiso wesibini. Ngoku, kwindawo engekagutyungelwa sisazinge, ngaba owesithathu angangena? Iziqwenga ziya kufuneka zibe zincinci ngakumbi kunemicu emine yoxande yesibini yesikwere, kodwa ngentelekelelo encinci kunye nomonde, njengoko abafundi bakaRafael babenayo, kubo lo mbuzo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufana nephazili enephepha kunye nesikere, iyakwazi. sibe yinzuzo njengoko sibona kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo (kulula ukubona ukuba oonxantathu abaluhlaza kunye nopinki benza isikwere esipheleleyo).
Ke ngoko sinezikwere ezithathu ezipheleleyo ngaphakathi. Kodwa kusekho indawo eninzi, encinci, kodwa ikho. Kagakanani? ngumbuzo olandelayo. Ngokwenza amaqhekeza amancinci, kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba sinokubandakanya ishumi lesikwere esitsha, kwaye kusekho indawo. Isithuba esinokuthi kuso kubhalwe amakhulu amane ee-square (oko kukuthi, ukuba sahlulahlulwe esinye ishumi sesikwere sibe ziziqwenga ezilishumi, sinokubeka ezine kwezo ndawo). Isithuba sokugcwalisa siya sincinci, kodwa sisenayo indawo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo omnye umfundi uya kube sele eqaphele, enkqaya amanani abonakala esenza inani elingu-3.14, okomzuzwana, iidesimali zokuqala zika-pi. Ngoku, zingaphi iindawo zedesimali i-pi inazo? Ewe, ineendawo ezininzi zedesimali, ngoko ke sinokuqhubeka sisenza amasuntswana amancinci nancinci, kodwa asinakuze siyigcwalise ngokupheleleyo indawo yesangqa, kuba i-pi ineendawo ezininzi ezingaphindi ziphindaphindwe.
Lo mkhuba, ubonisa kakhulu kubafundi, ngewusombululwe ngokukhawuleza ngohlalutyo lohlalutyo (oko sikwenzayo thina mathematika xa sisenza ubungqina obusesikweni): ukuba iradiyasi yesangqa ibingu-r, yeyiphi yomfanekiso wokuqala nayo inokuba licala lesangqa. isikwere ngasinye ), kanye njengoko besixelelwe okanye sibonisiwe kwiiklasi zezibalo, indawo evalwe ngesangqa iya kuba ngokuchanekileyo.
oko kukuthi, ngokuchanekileyo phi amaxesha indawo yesikwere ngasinye (r ophindwe kabini). Ngamanye amazwi, indawo yesikwere ilingana namaxesha epi ngaphakathi komphezulu wesangqa. Ukuba oku kukothusile ukuba asinakuze sigqibe ukuzalisa isangqa ngenxa yeedesimali ezingapheliyo, ndincoma ividiyo kaRafael kwakhona kuba sesinye sezothuso azichazayo ngendlela eyonwabisa kakhulu. Andikwazi ukumelana nokukushiya nenye imfihlakalo: Ndiyazi imbiza eqhelekileyo yeebhola zentenetya ezintathu, njengale isemfanekisweni. Ngaba iphenyane lide kunobude besixhobo sokumisa (isiphelo sesiphatho, umjikelezo waso), okanye ngokuphendululekileyo? Isisombululo siya kukumangalisa, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kuba asiyiyo kwaphela intuitive.
UVíctor Manero, weYunivesithi yaseZaragoza, ugxa wakhe kweli candelo, naye uye wanegalelo kulo nyaka kwiintetho endizikhankanye ekuqaleni. Umbuzo othi isityalo sethu, Kodwa titshala, yintoni le nto kum?
Ezinye iintetho, ezimalunga nemizuzu engama-50 ubude, zibandakanya izihloko ezahlukeneyo nemiba apho imathematika ikhona, zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukukhangela abacuphi bezibalo ukuze bafikeleleke kwiindawo zoluntu. Lorenzo J. White Nieto. KwiYunivesithi yase-Extremadura.
Kwimeko ye-graphic. ULuis Maya kunye noAna Caballero. KwiYunivesithi yase-Extremadura
Ndinike ingxaki kwaye… ndiza kulishukumisa ihlabathi! UJulio Mulero Gonzalez. IYunivesithi yaseAlicante Tessellations kunye neGeogebra: intle ngaphandle kwemida. Alexander Gallardo. Isikolo saseRafaela Ybarra, eMadrid.
Inkohliso kunye nezibalo zokuzonwabisa. Alejandro Garcia Gonzalez. IES Az-Zait yaseJaen
MathCityMap-i-app yezibalo zasesitratweni. Beatriz Blanco Otano, IES Eugenio Frutos (Guareña, Badajoz) kunye noClaudia Lázaro del Pozo, iSebe lezeMfundo kunye noQeqesho loMsebenzi waseCantabria.
Isikere phezulu, sisakhiwo esi! UMaria Garcia Monera. IYunivesithi yaseValencia.
Iimodeli zoluntu lwethu. Isinceda njani imathematika ukuba sizame ukulawula ihlabathi. UDaniel Ramos. EZIQHELEKILEYO / Iziko loPhando lweMathematika.
Kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe singakwazi 'ukunceda' ezinye iintetho. Inkqubo ye-intanethi yehlabathi jikelele inokudityaniswa kule khonkco kwaye iboniswe kunye neeseshini ngeelwimi ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo (iintetho ezine zemizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu nganye), nganye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zexesha: isiArabhu (ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwiiyure ze-13), isiPhuthukezi (ukusuka kwi-13 ukuya kwi-14 ukuya kwi-15). iiyure ezili-00), isiNgesi (ukususela ngo-16:00 p.m. ukuya ku-15:30 p.m.), isiFrentshi (ukususela ngo-16:30 p.m. ukuya ku-18:00 p.m.) neSpanish (ukususela ngo-19:00 p.m. ukuya ku-XNUMX:XNUMX p.m.). Yahlukile kulwimi ngalunye, ngoko ke ukuba uyazazi zonke ungakonwabela iintetho ezingamashumi amabini ezahlukeneyo.
Konke oku yinxalenye encinci yayo yonke into ecwangcisiweyo, ebandakanya unikezelo olubanzi nolwahlukeneyo. Ke ukuba uyafuna, akukho zizathu zokungakwazi ukubhiyozela usuku. Kwakufuneka sinqwenelele wonke umntu, a
Usuku oluhle lweMathematika 2022!!!
UAlfonso Jesús Población Sáez unguprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseValladolid kunye nelungu leKomishoni yokusasazwa kweRoyal Spanish Mathematics Society (RSME).
I-ABCdario yeMathematika licandelo elivela kwintsebenziswano ne-RSME Dissemination Commission.
