LANDELA
Ininzi kakhulu yokuqhubela phambili itekhnoloji kunye nokufumana i-tan ekhawulezayo kangangokuba kunzima ukucinga ukuba idrone ifika njani kwindawo yethu kunye nepizza esiya kuba nayo kwisidlo sangokuhlwa kwimizuzu embalwa kamva. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba sisekude kwenye yezi nqwelo-moya zingenamntu ezihlala kwiigadi zethu, phezu kophahla okanye kumnyango wendlu zithutha naluphi na uhlobo lokuthengisa. Uhlaziyo olucetyiswe ngabanye lukhokelele kwiidrones kwicandelo lolungiselelo, kwaye ngakumbi kwimayile yokugqibela, akwenzekanga.
Kwaye kukho ubungqina. IAmazon, ethe yaphakama njengomanduleli wolu tshintsho lukhulu lwetekhnoloji, ayinako ukukhupha ezi nqwelomoya emhlabeni ukuhambisa iipakethi zesigebenga esikhulu se-e-commerce kubathengi bayo.
Kwaye phantse iminyaka elishumi idlulile, kwaye i-2.000 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ityalwe kuvavanyo, okoko uJeff Bezos wabhengeza ngo-2013 ukuba iphakheji yakhe yedrones iya kuthatha esibhakabhakeni ngaphezulu kwezixeko zethu. Icandelo le-Amazon Prime Air elithathe le projekthi liye langena kwi-debacle: ukuchithwa kwabasebenzi, ukufuduswa kwabasebenzi, ukunyuka okuphezulu kwabaphathi, amagcisa kunye nolawulo. Okucebisa ukuba umceli mngeni mhlawumbi unqwenela kakhulu kwixesha esiphila kulo.
Inkampani yaseJamani i-DHL, ebifuna ukuphonononga le ndlela, ikwathintele ekuhanjisweni kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo okanye kwiindawo ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo. Kwaye kwenzeka okufanayo kwinkampani ye-courier yaseMelika i-UPS.
Imiqobo eye yadibana nayo la mazwe ngamazwe ayibobuchule kuphela kodwa ikwalawula. “Into ezi nkampani zingayithembiyo kukuba xa kuthethwa ngeendawo zomoya ziyimisebenzi enzima kwaye eso sithuba sabelwana ngeenqwelomoya ezilawulwa ngabantu. Udibene nomgangatho odinga ukuba isithuthi somoya sihlangabezane nochungechunge lweemeko ", kuchaza uDaniel García-Monteavaro, iNtloko yoPhuhliso lwezoShishino lweDrones e-Enaire, umphathi wokuhamba emoyeni eSpain.
Kwindawo yomoya, ukhuseleko luza kuqala kwaye iingozi kufuneka zincitshiswe ngazo zonke iindleko. Akukho mntu unokuthanda ukuba ezi drone zibangele iingozi ezifana neengozi okanye ukuwa okunokubangela ukwenzakala ebantwini. “Iidrones zibhabha kwindawo apho kukho ezinye iintlobo zeenqwelomoya nabantu neempahla eziphantsi. Kwaye kufuneka siqinisekise ukhuseleko lomntu wonke. I-drone kufuneka iqhube ngokufana nenqwelomoya ukuba ibonwe kwaye ichongiwe ", ebonisa kwi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwe-Aviation State (AESA).
Inkqubela phambili yolawulo
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba ayiqhubeki phambili ukubandakanya iidrones, njengesithuthi esinye, kwizixeko zethu, kunye nezicelo ezinjengokusasazwa kwempahla. Ngapha koko, imigaqo yaseYurophu iqhelana namaxesha amatsha kwaye ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2021 ibandakanya oku kunokwenzeka. “Ivumela ukuhanjiswa kweepakethe ngeedrones kuba ibandakanya iimeko ezininzi ezizayo ukuze ingaphelelwa lixesha. Lo mmiselo uqalisa ukuphunyezwa ngokuthe ngcembe”, batsho kwi-AESA.
Imigaqo yaseYurophu ibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kweepasile ngeedrones
Eminye imithetho nemimiselo kusafuneka iphuhliswe phambi kokuba sibone ezi nqwelo-moya zingentla kweentloko zethu zihambisa iipakethe. Le iya kuba yinkqubo: “Ukusasazwa kwe-colisería kuya kuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe. Into yokuqala esiya kuyibona iya kuba yimisebenzi elula kwiindawo ezicacileyo kunye nezilinganiselweyo, ezifana nemisebenzi engxamisekileyo kwiidolophu ezimbalwa. Ukuqhubela phambili kunye nombulelo kumava okusebenza awafumanayo, egxininisa ubunzima bemisebenzi kwaye, ngoko ke, ixabiso labo elongezelelweyo. Ngamafutshane, ihambisa ukuthengisa nge-drones ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwiidolophu zethu kwaye njengomsebenzi wokwenyani wezoqoqosho asiyi kuyibona, ubuncinci, enye iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ", i-AESA ibona kwangaphambili.
Okwangoku, ngaphandle kokuba kugunyaziswe yi-AESA "(kwaye ihlala ithobela amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neemfuno," batsho kulo mzimba), i-drones ayibhabhi phezu kwezixeko ukuthutha iimpahla. Nangona kunjalo, i-AESA yachaza ukuba "sigunyazisa iinqwelomoya ezininzi zokulinga kwaye sigcine indawo yomoya ukuze sivavanywe." Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-drones inomda: ungadluli ubude beemitha ezili-120; okanye ukubhabha phezu koxinaniso lwabantu; kufuneka zilingwe ngokubonakalayo; Abavumelekanga ukuba bathuthe iimpahla kwaye abanakubhabha kumgama oziikhilomitha ezisi-8 zezikhululo zeenqwelomoya, iipaki zendalo kunye nemimandla yenqwelomoya ethintelweyo.
I-U-space iya kuba yi-ecosystem yeenqwelomoya eziphathwayo nezingenamntu
Noko ke, ubhejo lomelele kuba iYurophu yasebenza koko kubizwa ngokuba yi-U-Space, iprojekthi yamabhongo yokwenza i-airspace yaseYurophu ibe yi-ecosystem apho zonke iintlobo zeenqwelo-moya, ezilawulwa ngabantu nezingenamntu, zihlala kunye. Kwaye oku kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa kweedrones zorhwebo. "I-U-Space iya kubamba olu hlobo lokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo (ngaphandle komqhubi wenqwelomoya) kunye nedijithali, kodwa izakuthatha ixesha. Imimiselo kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe kwaye izifundo ezinkulu zokhuseleko kufuneka zenziwe ukuze i-drones ihambelane ne-aviation yorhwebo ", kuchaza uGarcía-Monteavaro. Ngokuchanekileyo, u-Enaire ujongene nokuphuhlisa iinkonzo ze-U-Space eSpain, ezivela kumsebenzi we-drones ukuya kwi-aerotaxis ezayo.
Nangona kunjalo, icandelo liyaqonda ukuba kusekho imiqobo yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokusebenza ekufuneka yoyiswe. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uGarcía-Monteavaro uqinisekile ukuba "ubuchwephesha obunokwenzeka be-drone ukuphumeza iphakheji ayinakuphikiswa, inokwenzeka kwaye kukho imiboniso emininzi".
Devoluciones
Kodwa kukwakho neshishini elininzi elingagqitywanga eliqalayo ukuvela njengoko ulingo lokuqala luqhutywa ngeedrone zokuhambisa ezizimeleyo. “Kwinqanaba lobuchwepheshe kusekho amathandabuzo ngokhuseleko. Sidinga ukuchaneka ngakumbi ukuze sifikelele kwindawo ethile kwaye sifike apho ”, utshilo uRamón García, umlawuli jikelele weSpanish Logistics Centre (CEL). Yiloo nto ke isetyenzwa kuyo. “Kulula kubo ukufikelela kwindawo yethu, kuba kukho ubunzima bobugcisa. Ungalibali ukuhamba phakathi kwezakhiwo, imigca yamandla kunye neminye imiqobo ezixekweni, chonga indawo oya kuyo kwaye ungabhideki kunye ne-terrace yommelwane. Kwakhona kufuneka basebenze ngokwezoqoqosho kuba iindleko zokuphumeza inethiwekhi yokuhanjiswa kwe-drone zibiza kakhulu, "utshilo uTeresa de la Cruz, uMphathi weProjekthi kwiZaragoza Logistic Centre.
Ukuba la manqaku obugcisa ayakwazi ukusombulula, iidrones ezizimeleyo kunye nedijithali, kunye nesoftware eya kwenza izigqibo zayo ngokusekelwe kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ngamagama amakhulu. Kukho imiceli mngeni emikhulu apha, njengoko iingcali zisitsho. "Isistim yakho eqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi kwaye ingena ukuba kunokwenzeka, ifumana izilumkiso kwabanye abasebenzisi kwaye ibandakanya ukurhoxiswa komsebenzi ukuba kukho imfuneko xa kukho nasiphi na isiganeko esinokuthi senzeke. Oku kuphakamisa iingxaki zokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity kwaye ezinye zibonakala ziqinisekisiwe phambi kokuba zifakwe kwifowuni ephathwayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, utshilo uGarcía-Monteavaro.
Imiba yokhuseleko lwedatha kufuneka isonjululwe, ukuze iidrones zithwale iikhamera ezinokufumana kwaye zinike ulwazi malunga nabemi
Ukuzidibanisa kubomi besixeko nako kubonakala njengomngeni omkhulu. Babekwazi ukubhabha kwimizila yabo yomoya. "I-drone kufuneka ikwazi ukuba ijikeleze njani kwaye kuphi, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza iindlela, ukwenza ama-bubbles kwiindawo zomoya ukuze bakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ezinye iinqwelomoya", ithi i-AESA. “Kufuneka bahlale kunye. Yingakho kuyimfuneko ukudala isofthiwe kunye ne-hardware eyivumelayo, echonga ngokuzenzekelayo i-drone ebhabhayo, ibe nesicwangciso sendiza, yenza uhlolo oluqhubekayo ... U-Ángel Macho, umlawuli we-Unvex, i-fair for paraprofessional drones. Iingxaki zide zivele malunga nokuba "ukukhusela njani izinto ezithuthwayo kwizenzo zokonakalisa, okanye ube nesiseko sokuhlaziya iibhetri zedrone," utshilo uAlberto Martínez, umphathi weTecniberia Management. Ibandakanyiwe kwisifundo sempembelelo ye-acoustic kunye nokusombulula imiba yokukhuselwa kwedatha kwiikhamera ezithwalwa ziidrones ezinokuthi zifumane kwaye zinike ulwazi kubemi.
Nangona kukho imiceli mngeni emininzi ezayo, zininzi izilingo eziqhubekayo. Kutshanje, uGoogle uqalise ukuvavanya inkonzo yokuhanjiswa kwephakheji yedrone kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseDallas. ESpeyin sikwanayo nemizekelo. U-Enaire wenze iimbono ze-200 elunxwemeni lwaseCastelldefelds (eBarcelona), ngaphakathi kweprojekthi yeCorus-Xuam, ukuvavanya nokuthutha iipakethi ngeedrones kwindawo yasezidolophini. "Senze ukulinganisa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaliqela ngaxeshanye, sibaphazamisa ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko ukwenza uvavanyo," utshilo uGarcía-Monteavaro. Inkampani iGesDron iphinde yazama i-drones enabantu ukuzisa ukutya kwiivenkile zokutyela kunye neepakethe ekhaya kwibhokisi yesanti (indawo elawulwayo) eVillaverde (Madrid).
Apho ewe, kuba i-drones inekamva kwixesha elifutshane, kukuthuthwa kweemveliso eziyimfuneko (amayeza, iisampulu zebhayoloji, izitofu zokugonya ...) kwiindawo ezikude, kunzima ukufikelela kuzo, okanye kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. “Kudala kusenziwa kumazwe aseAfrika,” utshilo uDe la Cruz. Kuye kwavavanywa phakathi kwamaziko ezempilo eValencia. "E-Aragon, iprojekthi yokulinga i-Pharmadron yenziwa ukuhambisa iimveliso zamachiza kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kuba kukho iidolophu ezingenayo ikhemesti," uyongezelela.
“Bubuchwephesha bomda”, ucebisa u-Ángel Macho. Ke ngoko, kuqwalaselwa nezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka. Enye inketho kukuseka amaziko okanye ii-hubs okanye iibhokisi zesanti kwisixeko apho iidrones zihambisa urhwebo. “IiPhakeji ziyakusiwa kwindawo eziya kuyo. Kwaye kwiimpahla ezinkulu zeplanethi vertiports ezixekweni. Into enengqiqo kukuba i-drone ihlala ihamba ukusuka kwindawo elawulwayo ukuya kwenye kwaye ihlala isendleleni enye ", ucebisa uRamón García. UDe la Cruz wanikela le ngxelo ngomzekelo weBhunga lesiXeko saseZaragoza: “Lalisele licinga ngokusasazwa kweedrone phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Kule meko, iipakethe ziya kuthuthelwa kwindawo engenanto eya kusebenza njengeziqubulo.
Iidrone azikhuphi izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye neengxaki zokuxinana ezidolophini. Izizathu ezaneleyo zokusombulula ifomula yendlela yokubandakanya iinkqubo zokuhambisa izinto kwizixeko.
Iinqwelomoya ukuthatha uluhlu
Namhlanje ziya zisanda iinkampani ezibandakanya iidrones ukuze zithathe uluhlu lwempahla kwiindawo zazo zokugcina kwaye zibe nemveliso yazo rhoqo. "Bayakhawuleza kwaye bakhulisa ixesha kunye neendleko," utshilo uGuillermo Valero, i-CEO ye-Airvant, ifemu ebonelela ngezisombululo ezikrelekrele kwicandelo lezothutho. Kule meko "sibeka i-sensor ye-pecking kwi-drone ukufunda iikhowudi zeemveliso," utsho. Ukuba ucinga ngeendawo zokugcina iimpahla ezinkulu, ezineeshelufu ezifikelela kwiimitha ezili-12 ukuphakama kwaye zide zifike kwi-18 yeemitha, umsebenzi we-drone ofunda iibhakhowudi zeempahla eziphakamileyo ziluncedo kakhulu. “Abaqhubi bezothutho kufuneka bagcine ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwesitokhwe sabo, ukuze babe nejelo le-e-commerce kunye nomthengi ekufuneka abenayo imveliso ngexesha nangexesha elifanelekileyo,” ucacise watsho uValero. Iidrone zenza lo msebenzi ube lula.
