Ngomhla wama-24 kuFebruwari wonyaka ophelileyo, usuku lokuqala lwemfazwe yaseUkraine, iABC yaphinda yabala ubusuku obude bokuqhushumba kwebhombu eyafunyanwa yiKiev, kukho amawaka ezakhiwo zokuhlala ezonakeleyo kunye nomonakalo omkhulu weziseko ezingundoqo. Kwakhona ukulwa okuqinileyo kwezandla okwenzeka kwizitrato zekomkhulu, kunye nokudubula okunamandla kwi-mediations yezakhiwo ze-Ofisi kaMongameli wase-Ukraine, uRhulumente kunye ne-Verkhovna Rada (iPalamente). Uhlaselo lwayalelwa emva kokuba umongameli waseRashiya, uVladimir Putin, ephila njengephupha elibi phakathi kwabemi baseUkraine, ababesele bebhalisile ngeentsuku zikaSeptemba 1941 apho imikhosi kaHitler yangena esixekweni ukuze itshabalalise yonke into.
Kunomdla, kuba kwangolo suku iRussia yaqala ngalo uhlaselo kunyaka ophelileyo, uRhulumente waseUkraine wapapasha umfanekiso kwiakhawunti yakhe ye-Twitter eyakhawuleza yaya kwintsholongwane. Yayingumfanekiso wekhathuni apho uHitler wabonakala ephulula uPutin ngomyalezo olandelayo: "Lo ayisiyo meme, kodwa eyethu kunye nenyani yakho ngoku." Kodwa okwenzekayo ngaloo mini, phakathi kwale ntlekele, kwakukude noko kwenzekayo ngoSeptemba 16, 1941, de kwakhiwa ingxelo entsha engazange igqithwe: UHitler wathabatha amabanjwa angama-660.000 XNUMX eSoviet ngosuku olunye, inani elingaphezu kwayo yonke iMfazwe Yehlabathi. II.
UJesús Hernández ubalisa ku 'Le nto yayingekho encwadini yam ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi' (Almuzara, 2018) ukuba uHitler wasilela kwilinge lakhe lokoyisa iBhritane kwaye, ekupheleni kuka-1940, wajolisa ingqalelo yakhe kuleyo yayiyiyo. wasebenza utshaba lwakhe lokwenene: iSoviet Union. Lalifikile ixesha lokujongana neyona nto yayiza kuba yimfazwe enkulu yeMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi, apho unyanzeliso lwamaNazi lwalufuna ukuzalisekisa iphupha lalo lokuguqula iJamani ibe bubukumkani belizwekazi obusuka kwiAtlantiki ukuya kwii-Urals. Ngomhla wama-30 kuMatshi ngo-1931, wabhengeza kwiinjengele zakhe injongo yakhe yokuhlasela isigebenga samakomanisi, kwiphulo elibizwa ngokuba yiBarbarossa, elaqala ngoJuni 22, xa kukhala umnxeba kwikomkhulu lesithili sasemkhosini saseLeningrad ezinzulwini zobusuku. .
Kwakungeyonto iqhelekileyo ukuba iMoscow icele intlanganiso "engxamisekileyo" kunye nentloko yesixeko ngelo xesha, ngoko kwacaca ukuba kukho into enzulu eyenzekayo. Umphathi weSignal uMikhail Neishtadt wacebisa umphathi wabasebenzi, owafika emva kwemizuzu engamashumi amane ekwimeko embi. "Ndiyathemba ukuba kubalulekile," wakhwaza, waza wamnika itelegram: "Imikhosi yaseJamani iwele umda weSoviet Union." “Kwakungathi liphupha elibi. Besifuna ukuvuka kwaye yonke into iza kubuyela esiqhelweni”, utshilo lo mva, owathi wakhawuleza wabona ukuba eli yayingelophupha, kodwa luhlaselo olukhulu lwamajoni azizigidi ezithathu kunye namashumi eekhilomitha zamatanki kunye neenqwelomoya ezazisele zihambela phambili. phambi kweekhilomitha ezingama-2.500 ukusuka kuLwandle Olumnyama ukuya kwiBaltic.
Umxholo: Kyiv
Njengoko kuchazwe nguMichael Jones kwi 'Ukungqingwa kweLeningrad: 1941-1944' (Ukugxeka, i-2016), umsebenzi ucetywe ukuhlaselwa kathathu: Iqela leZiko loMkhosi liza kunqoba iMinsk, iSmolensk neMoscow; IQela eliMntla lasabela kummandla weBaltic laza lakhokela iLeningrad, kodwa iQela eliMazantsi laliza kuhlasela iUkraine eyayisiya eKyiv. Le yokugqibela yayiphantsi komyalelo kaMarshal Gerd von Rundstedt, owatyhutyha iPoland, wadlula eLviv waza wafikelela kwidisins yaseDonbass kunye ne-Odesa ngoSeptemba emva koluhlu loloyiso lokudilika komhlaba. UErich von Manstein nguye owaqhuba ukoyiswa kwesi sixeko sokugqibela sezibuko emva kongqingo oluqatha.
Ukuhlaselwa kweUkraine kubangele ulandelelwano lokoyiswa koMkhosi waseSoviet okwenzeka ekwindla lokugqibela eKyiv ngoSeptemba 26, 1941, xa abakhuseli bokugqibela bacinywa. Phakathi ku-Agasti, uStalin wayeqokelele malunga nesixeko malunga ne-700.000 yamajoni, iitanki eziliwaka kunye nemipu engaphezu kwewaka. Uninzi lwabaphathi bakhe bamlumkisa, nangona besoyika, ukuba imikhosi ijikelezwe ngamaJamani. Okuphela komntu owabonakalisa amandla athile yayinguGueorgui Zhukov, owatshintshwa emva kokuba uzwilakhe waseSoviet ebhubhile ngomyalelo wokuba angabuyi umva.
Ekuqaleni, iimfama zeThird Reich zazirhangqe abakhuseli kumazantsi nasemantla esixeko. Ukwenza oku, babe nenkxaso yeQela le-II leCandelo lePanzer likaHeinz Guderian, eligubungela iikhilomitha ezingama-200 ngesantya esipheleleyo kunye neetanki zalo zokunceda kwiipincers kwi-23 kwinyanga efanayo. NgoSeptemba 5, uStalin wayibona impazamo yakhe waza wakwazi ukurhoxa, kodwa kwakusele kusemva kwexesha ukuba abaleke. Uninzi lwamajoni aseSoviet angama-700.000 aluzange lube naxesha lokubaleka. Kancinci kancinci, ungqingo lwavalwa, de kwangowe-16 xa iqela II leCandelo leGuderian ladibana neqela I.
Indyikityha yokufa yaseBabi Yar ngamaNazi yabulala amaJuda angama-33.000 eKyiv ABC
Ingxelo yelishwa
Ngokutsho kwedayari kaHans Roth, ijoni elivela kwi-Battalion 299 ye-German Sixth Army Infantry Division, ukulwa okunzima kakhulu kuya kwenzeka phakathi kwe-17 kunye ne-19 Septemba. Abantu baseRussia bakhusela ngee-cocktails ze-Molotov, iirokethi ezidumileyo zeKatyusha, kunye nezinja zebhombu, kunye nokushiya imigodi kwisixeko sonke. Iqhinga likaStalin, nangona kunjalo, laphumela ekuzibulaleni, enuka usodolophu amajoni akhe afakwa engxoweni kwaye wavalelwa emva kokuwa kwesixeko ngomhla wama-26 xa abakhuseli bokugqibela banikezela. Kwangolo suku lunye, kwiiyure nje ezingama-24, amajoni angama-660,000 XNUMX abanjwa nguMkhosi wamaNazi, nto leyo eyaphula elishwa lelona nani liphakamileyo lamabanjwa ngosuku nje olunye ukususela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Eyona nto imbi kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, yayiseza kufika. Ngomhla wama-28, amaNazi asasaza amaphecana kulo lonke ikomkhulu evakalisa oku: “Onke amaYuda ahlala eKiev nakwiindawo eziyingqongileyo amele azibonakalise ngomso ngoMvulo ngentsimbi yesibhozo kusasa kwikona yesitrato saseMelnikovsky nesaseDokhturov. Kufuneka baphathe amaxwebhu abo, imali, izinto zexabiso kunye neempahla ezishushu. Nawuphi na umYuda ongayithobeliyo le miyalelo aze afumaneke kwenye indawo uya kudutyulwa. Nawuphi na ummi ongena kwimihlaba ebalekisiweyo ngamaYuda aze abe izinto zawo uya kudutshulwa.
Ngosuku olulandelayo kwaqaliswa ukubulawa kwabo bonke, enoba ngamaRashiya okanye abemi baseUkraine. AmaNazi akanalo ixesha lokulahlekelwa kwaye avelisa isantya esiqhekezayo. Ekufikeni kwabo, abalindi babasa kwindawo kanye apho babeza kubulawa khona. Okokuqala, bayalelwa ukuba bakhulule iimpahla zabo ukuze bahluthe iimpahla zabo baze bahlole ukuba abaphathanga mali okanye ezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo. Kanye ekupheleni kwentlambo, kunye nomculo ogcweleyo kunye nenqwelomoya ebhabha phezulu ukuze ifihle isikhalo, badutyulwa entloko.
AmaYuda aseUkraine agrumba awawo amangcwaba eStorow, eUkraine. Ngomhla we-4 kaJulayi 1941 WIKIPEDIA
babe yar
UGrossman wabhala kwincwadi yakhe ukuba ukubulawa kwabantu okudumileyo kweBabi Yar, njengoko wayeyicingela kwintlambo awavelisa kuyo ngaphandle kweKiev, yayikukuphuma kwembubhiso ngeembumbulu, eyathi kamva yandiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwegesi. Ngale ndlela, amadoda angama-3.000 e-Einsatzgruppen, iqela lamaqela okubulala ajikelezayo elenziwe ngamalungu eSS, uninzi lwawo awenza umsebenzi wawo enxilile, yayingundoqo. Kwiiyure nje ezingama-48, amajoni aseJamani athi alahlekelwe ngamaYuda angama-33.771 athi, ngomzuzu wokugqibela, anethemba lokuba aza kugxothwa.
Elona xhoba lincinci kwiZiko leSikhumbuzo saseUkraine iBabi Yar lakwazi ukuchonga yayilusana oluneentsuku ezimbini ubudala. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi ‘A Document in the Form of a Novel’, eyapapashwa ngowe-1966, uAnatoly Kuznetsov ukhumbula ubungqina belinye ibhinqa elingumYuda elakwaziyo ukuqhwesha: “Wajonga phantsi waza waziva enesiyezi. Ndandiziva ndiphakame kakhulu. Ngaphantsi kwakhe kwakukho ulwandle lwemizimba egcwele igazi.
