I-CO2 ibalasele ngakumbi kune-methane xa isiza kwiigesi ze-greenhouse ezikhawulezisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kwiplanethi enguMhlaba. Ubukhulu becala, esi sesibini sitsibela kumxholo weendaba xa sithetha ngokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa kwiifama zeenkomo. Nangona kunjalo, amazwi angakumbi nangakumbi eengcaphephe abanga ukubaluleka kwale gesi xa kutyalwa izisombululo zokuthintela utshintsho lwemozulu.
Ingxelo yakutshanje (yoMdumba yowama-2022) evela kwi-Arhente yezaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe iqinisekisa ukuba imethane inoxanduva lokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ngama-30% ukususela ekuqaleni kweNguqu yezoShishino.
Kodwa inyaniso kukuba ubunzima bayo kwisethi yeegesi ezingcolisayo bunokuba bukhulu kunokuba bekukholelwa ngaphambili.
Oku kuthotywe yenye ingxelo yakutsha nje esebenzise imifanekiso yesathelayithi ukulinganisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane lishishini leoli negesi.
Isigqibo ekufikelelwe kuso sesokuba sikhulu kunoko kuqondwayo. Izikhupha zemethane ezinkulu ezingaxelwanga zithatha ngaphantsi kwe-10% yokukhutshwa kwe-oyile negesi yemethane ngokusemthethweni kumazwe amathandathu aphezulu avelisayo.
Ukuguqulelwa kumanani, itoni nganye ye-methane engabandakanywanga kwiingxelo ezisemthethweni zilingana ne-4,400 yeedola zempembelelo kwimozulu kunye ne-ozone yomhlaba, obangela impilo yabantu, imveliso yomsebenzi okanye isivuno sezityalo, phakathi kwabanye.
Yintoni kwaye iveliswa phi?
I-Methane yigesi engenambala nengenavumba eveliswa kwindalo ngokubola kwezityalo. Le nkqubo yendalo ingabotshelelwa ukuvelisa i-biogas kwaye inokwenza ukuya kuma-97% erhasi yendalo. Kwimigodi yamalahle ibizwa ngokuba yi-firedamp kwaye iyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuyitshisa.
Phakathi kwemiba yokukhutshwa kwemvelaphi yendalo, ukubola kwenkunkuma ephilayo (30%), imigxobhozo (23%), ukutsalwa kwamafutha efosili (20%) kunye neenkqubo zokwetyisa kwezilwanyana, ngakumbi imfuyo (17%).
Kutheni ibaluleke ngaphezu kokuba ucinga?
I-Methane ithathwa njengegesi yesibini ye-greenhouse enempembelelo enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembali ayizange inikwe ukubaluleka okukhulu njenge-CO2.
Omnye kunye nomnye banendlela yokuziphatha eyahlukileyo. Ikharbhon diokside yeyona nto iphila ixesha elide neyona ingcolisayo. Ezinye, kuquka i<em>methane, ziphila ixesha elifutshane yaye ziphela ngokukhawuleza emoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba isebenza ngakumbi ekubanjeni imitha yelanga kwaye inegalelo elinamandla ngakumbi ekufudumeni. Kubalwa ukuba inamathuba angama-36 ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko ukubaluleka kokulwa nayo phantse kwinqanaba elifanayo ne-CO2 eyaziwayo.
Ukwenza oku, i-European Union ineSicwangciso seMethane somhla we-2020. Ukongezelela, ilungiselela umthetho omtsha ogxile kule gesi kwaye unenjongo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwayo.
Icandelo lamandla (elibandakanya i-oyile, igesi yendalo, amalahle kunye ne-bioenergy) liphinde lakhokela kuxanduva lokukhutshwa kwemethane.
Ngokohlalutyo lwe-International Energy Agency, malunga ne-40% ye-methane ekhutshwayo ivela kumandla. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, lo mbutho ukholelwa ukuba ukuqonda le ngxaki yithuba elihle lokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi "kuba iindlela zokunciphisa ziyaziwa kwaye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, zinenzuzo," ikhusela ingxelo.
Imfuyo, inomsila wokukhupha imisi
Kutheni kuqhelekile ukugxeka iinkomo ngokuba zingunobangela wobubi bemethane? Ngoko ke, ulimo aluyena nobangela ophambili, ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-methane ekhutshwayo kwaye umphumo odibeneyo wecandelo lezolimo uthathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, naluphi na utshintsho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luncinci kangakanani, kweli candelo linokuba nefuthe elikhulu.
Ngokujongana namanyathelo ayimfuneko, kwi-COP26 amazwe aza kuzama ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane ngama-30% phakathi kwangoku kunye nowama-2030, aphunyezwe kwi-Global Methane Initiative.
EYurophu, i-strata ukuze ikwazi ukuhambelana nesi sivumelwano iya kugxila ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwe-methane kumandla, ezolimo kunye necandelo lenkunkuma, ekubeni le mimandla imele kwimeko yabo yonke i-methane emissions kwi-Old Continent.
Ucwangciso kukusungula izenzo ezithile kwicandelo lezoqoqosho ngalinye kwaye kuthatyathwe ithuba lentsebenziswano phakathi kwamacandelo (njengomzekelo, ngokuveliswa kwebhayomethane).
