LANDELA
Ukungoneliseki ngokubanzi kuluntu lwaseRashiya "kwimfazwe etshabalalisayo, echitha igazi kunye nengafanelekanga" uMongameli u-Vladimir Putin aye wayikhulula kwilizwe elingummelwane, ngokuchasene ne-Ukraine, abemi bayo, njengamaRashiya, bangamaSlav aseMpuma kwaye bahlala beqwalaselwa. abazalwana”, ingaphezu kokuqondakalayo. Bayanda oosomashishini, amagcisa, ababengamagosa aphakamileyo, izazi ngezoqoqosho kunye nezazinzulu zibaleka eRashiya. Barhoxa kwizikhundla zabo, babhangisa amashishini abo, bashiya ubuprofesa babo, bashiye iithiyetha zabo okanye barhoxise imiboniso.
Naphakathi kwabo basondeleyo kuPutin, kukho ukungavisisani. UMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko uSergei Shoigu, uMphathi we-Army of Staff Valeri Gerasimov, umlawuli we-FSB (owayesakuba yi-KGB), u-Alexander Dvornikov, okanye umphathi-mkhosi oyintloko we-Black Sea Fleet, u-Admiral Igor Osipov, babonakala bengapeyinti nantoni na.
Ngokucacileyo uyazigcina izikhundla zakhe, kodwa u-Putin akasabathembi ngenxa yokubala kakubi into ekhubekisayo, ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lamaxhoba kunye nesantya esicothayo sokuhamba phambili kwemikhosi.
Isazinzulu kwezopolitiko uStanislav Belkovski uqinisekisa ukuba "uPutin sele eqalisile ukukhokela umsebenzi wasemkhosini eUkraine" ngemiyalelo ethe ngqo kumagosa asemhlabeni. Ngamazwi akhe, "I-Operation Z ihlala iphantsi kolawulo olupheleleyo lukaPutin. Akukho namnye umzobo onokumisela isisombululo angenamdla kuso”. Umongameli waseRashiya, isigwebo sikaBelkovsky, "uyavuma ukuba ukuqala kokukhubekisa akuphumelelanga kwaye into ebifanele ukuba yiblitzkrieg ayiphumelelanga. Yiyo loo nto wathabatha umyalelo, njengoko uTsar Nicholas II wenzayo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala.”
Inani eliphezulu lamaxhoba phakathi kwabemi baseUkraine, inkohlakalo eyenziwa eBucha, iingxwelerha ezinzima kumacala omabini, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezixeko zonke, njengoko kwenzekile ngeMariupol, kunye nokungabikho kweengxoxo eziqinileyo ezithethelela imfazwe akuzange kumthintele uPutin kwimfuno. ukubuya umva. Amandla akhe apheleleyo amvumela ukuba angahoyi naliphi na icebiso elisengqiqweni xa kungekho zixhobo zokuchasana kunye nesikhokelo esihlangeneyo.
Akukho mntu ugxininise amandla angako kwiminyaka eyi-100
Kwaye kungenxa yokuba akukho namnye eRashiya kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu oye wagxininisa amandla amaninzi kangangokuba azivumele ukuba asebenze yedwa. Wade wazivumela ukuba abonise abalingane bakhe abasondeleyo esidlangalaleni, njengoko kwenzekayo ngoFebruwari 21, iintsuku ezintathu emva kokuqala kwemfazwe echasene neUkraine, xa kwintlanganiso yeBhunga lezoKhuseleko, esasazwa kumajelo aphambili kamabonwakude, wahlazisa umlawuli we-Ofire. iNkonzo yobuNhloli baNgaphandle (SVR), uSerguei Naryskin.
Ngexesha le-tsarist, isithsaba saseRashiya sasingomnye umzekelo we-absolutism eYurophu ngelo xesha, kodwa amandla alawo makhosi ngamanye amaxesha ayekwabelwana ngezandla zezihlobo kunye nezintandokazi. Omnye wabalinganiswa abachaphazela kakhulu uNicholas II kwizigqibo zakhe wayengumonki uGrigori Rasputin, owayeyazi indlela yokuqwalasela u-Alejandra "njengesibane".
Emva kweMvukelo kaOktobha (1917), igunya lenkokeli yalo, uVladimir Lenin, nangona lalisenza isigqibo, lantywiliselwa ngandlel’ ithile phantsi kolawulo lweSoviet Union nePolitburo, elona qumrhu lilawulayo liphakamileyo yaye ngokusisigxina. Kamva, kunye noJoseph Stalin sele esele e-Kremlin, iiplani zazilukiwe kwinqanaba leKomiti ePhakathi yeQela lamaKomanisi kunye nePolitburo, amanye amalungu awo aphelile ukuhlanjululwa, athunyelwa kwiGulag okanye adutyulwe. UStalin wafaka ulawulo lobuzwilakhe olunegazi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha phantsi kweliso lePolitburo okanye amanye amalungu ayo, njengoko kwakunjalo ngeLavrenti Beria.
Ulawulo lweKomiti ePhakathi kunye nePolitburo
Bonke oonobhala jikelele be-CPSU babenobunzima obungaphezulu kokubalulekileyo ngexesha lokuthathwa kwezigqibo, kodwa ngaphandle kobunkokeli beqela abalahlekelwayo ngabo. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba, njengoko kwenzeka kuNikita Khrushchev, banokugxothwa. Bonke abanye ukususela ngoku (uLeonid Brezhnev, uYuri Andropov, uKonstantin Chernenko noMikhail Gorbachev) baphoqeleka ukuba bazinze ngaphakathi kwabalawuli jikelele abaphuma kwiiNgqungquthela zePhathi, iKomiti ePhakathi kunye nePolitburo.
Emva kokuqhekeka kwe-USSR, umanduleli kaPutin, u-Borís Yeltsin, uqhankqalaze kuMgaqo-siseko omtsha onophawu olubalaseleyo lukamongameli. Ukwenze oku emva kongquzulwano ngezixhobo nePalamente, awathi wayidubula ngokungenalusini. Kodwa i-Yeltsin, nangona kunjalo, yayiphantsi kwamagunya enyani afana neshishini, imidiya kwaye ilawulwa kwinqanaba elithile yiPalamente. Kwakhona wayeyihlonela inkundla. Ulonyulo, nangona kukho iziphene ezininzi, luchazwe "njengedemokhrasi" nguMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe. Umongameli wokuqala weRussia yasemva kweSoviet kwafuneka ajongane nomkhosi, ngakumbi emva kokuqalisa imfazwe eyintlekele eChechnya.
Umongameli wangoku waseRussia, nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala, waqala ukudiliza idemokhrasi engafezekanga eyakhiwe ngumcebisi wakhe. Okokuqala, yomeleza amandla ayo asele ekhulile de yafumana indawo esembindini ethelekiseka kuphela naleyo ikhoyo ngexesha likaStalin, nangona imbonakalo yedemokhrasi. Emva koko wenza ukuba impahla itshintshe izandla, ngakumbi kwicandelo lamandla, ngokuthanda oosomashishini baseSone. Ngoko ke, yenze urhwebo oluyimfihlo lwamacandelo aphambili ezoqoqosho.
Emva kokuba ethathe inxaxheba kumaphephandaba azimeleyo. Iziteshi zikamabonwakude, izikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye namaphephandaba aphambili afunyenwe ziinkampani zikarhulumente, ezinje ngeGazprom energy monopoly, okanye ngamaqumrhu aqhutywa ngama-oligarchs athembekileyo kumongameli.
ngaphezu kukaStalin
Inyathelo elilandelayo yaba kukuphelisa oko kubizwa ngokuba “ngamandla athe nkqo”, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuyekisweni konyulo lwerhuluneli yommandla, umthetho weqela elingqongqo nongalawulekiyo, uhlolo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kwimibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente kunye nokuvunywa komthetho ochasene neembono ezibaxiweyo. wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho nabani na ongahambisaniyo nembono esemthethweni.
Amagumbi amabini ePalamente, athatyathwe liqela lase-Kremlin «United Russia», ayizihlomelo zokwenyani ze-Ofisi kaMongameli kunye noBulungisa libhanti lokuhambisa umdla wabo wezopolitiko njengoko kubonisiwe kumatyala aqhekekileyo, kubandakanywa nelo bagcina entolongweni. inkokeli ephambili yenkcaso, u-Alexei Navalni.
Njengoko uNavalni uye wagxeka, eRashiya ulwahlulo lwamagunya alukho, kwaye alukho ukhetho lwentando yesininzi olunyanisekileyo, ekubeni, ngokwemibuzo yakhe, ukuguqulwa kweziphumo zokuvota kuyinto eqhelekileyo. UPutin wamenza ukuba alungise uMgaqo-siseko ngo-2020 ukuze akwazi ukuveza amanye amagama amabini, aza kuhlala entloko yelizwe kude kube ngu-2036.
Ukudiliza idemokhrasi engaqinisekanga eyayakhela ngaphambili, uPutin uhlala esebenzisa iinkonzo zobuntlola. Imfuneko "yelizwe elomeleleyo" yayihlala iyinto ethanda kakhulu kuye. Kuloo ndlela, abaninzi baphelela entolongweni. Abanye badutyulwa okanye batyhefwa ngaphandle kokuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, bakwazi ukucacisa ukuba ngubani owenze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Inani labathinjwa bezopolitiko liye landa kwaye ngoku, emva kokuhlaselwa kwe-Ukraine, liye landa kangangokuba umongameli waseRashiya uye wakwazi ukukhupha ilizwe labachasi.
Isiphumo salo mgaqo-nkqubo onoburhalarhume kukuba uPutin ususe nayiphi na i-counterweight. Unamandla anokuthelekiswa nalawo kaStalin nangaphezulu, ekubeni akufuneki aphendule kuyo nayiphi na "ikomiti ephakathi". Yena ngokwakhe uqinisekisa ukuba kuphela "abantu" banokubuza izigqibo zakhe, bambeke umyalelo okanye bamsuse. Kwaye oko kulinganiswa ngonyulo abathi abachasi bakhe basoloko becinga ukuba luqhathiwe. Ngoko umongameli yedwa nguyena kuphela iziko lesigqibo eRashiya, yedwa onika imiyalelo ngokumalunga nokungenelela okuxhobileyo e-Ukraine.
