Ividiyo yamva nje yentsholongwane yaseMexico ibonisa umzukulwana womzukulwana wenkosi yama-Apache uGeronimo enikela ubungqina bakhe: “Umahluko phakathi kweNgesi kunye neSpanishi kukuba owawabulala onke amaIndiya ukusuka ePlymouth Rock ukuya kuMntla Merika athi namhlanje anamanani Spanish . EMexico, eNicaragua, eBelize, ePeru… AmaIndiya alandela. Vulani amehlo, abona bantu babulala amaIndiya ngamaNgesi, ingengawo amaSpanish!” Abantu baseSpeyin kuphela abaqaphela abantu bomthonyama kwaye bakha izibhedlele zokuqala kwilizwekazi.Nangona ezinye izithunzi, i-Spanish Conquest yanika izibane ezininzi kubantu beeKumkani, ukunyanzelisa kuye kwaziwa ukukhuselwa kunye nentlonipho. Kwakukho amanani embali, afana noVasco de Quiroga, owakhusela abantu baseMichoacán, wakha izibhedlele zokuqala kwilizwekazi kwaye waseka iColegio de San Nicolás, eyayiyimbangela yokuzimela kweMexico. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zingathandabuzekiyo, urhulumente waseMexico uye waseka isicwangciso sokulinga semfundo esiza kudibanisa izikolo ezingama-30 kwilizwe ngalinye kwangama-32 aseMexico (ama-960 ewonke) kwaye esiya kufuna ukutshintsha ingcamango yezemfundo yelizwe, ngokutsho kweSebe leMfundo likarhulumente. . . Ezinye iingcali ezinjengoAlma Maldonado, ugqirha kwimfundo ephakamileyo kunye nomphandi kwiZiko loPhando kunye neZifundo eziPhambili (Cinvestav), zibonisa ukuba esi sicwangciso sivelisa ukungaqiniseki ngenxa yokuba sanikezelwa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhosi apho Abafundi abazizigidi ezingama-24 koko eMexico kubizwa ngokuba yiMfundo esiSiseko (iminyaka emithathu kwisikolo sabasaqalayo, abathandathu kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi nemithathu kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo). Bona, kunye nabasebenzi bezemfundo abayi-1,9 yezigidi kunye nezikolo ezingaphezu kwe-232.000, baya kuba ngabamkeli bokugqibela besi sicwangciso, ngokukaMaldonado, sisekelwe kumazembe amathathu: inxalenye yengcamango, inxalenye yezopolitiko kunye nenxalenye yemfundo. Ukukhangela izizathu Ingxabano enkulu kakhulu iveliswa yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "anti-colonial" imbono, echaphazela ngokukodwa i-Spanish Conquest. Nangona ekunikezelweni kwesicwangciso, nge-16 ka-Agasti, iiparamitha zezemfundo zemveli nazo zabuzwa ngenxa yokuba ziya kumela "imodeli yesayensi ye-Eurocentric kunye nobuhlanga" eye "yanyanzeliswa ngaphandle", imbali yaseSpain yaseMexico ivuselela umdla okhethekileyo abasemagunyeni bocwangciso. Umfundi weYunivesithi yase-Ibero-American kunye nomphandi waseMexico, u-Isabel Revuelta Poo, uqinisekisile i-ABC ukuba kubonakala "kubuhlungu kwaye kulishwa" ukuba abafundi bagxininiswe "ngengxelo yezopolitiko ngokupheleleyo", nangona "besisoloko siqhwala kulo nyawo" inkqubo ekufanelekelayo ukuba "selenzekele kakhulu". “Imbali imela kakubi ngendlela yaseManichean. Kwaye ngeli xesha (elo likamongameli ka-Andrés Manuel López Obrador, onyulwe ngo-2018) iya kwandiswa ngakumbi ngokwahlula abantu phakathi kwama-villains namagorha. U-Revuelta ukholelwa ukuba ngesi sicwangciso 'sokulwa nobukoloniyali' into efunwayo kukukhomba utshaba olungekhoyo, kulo mzekelo umhlaseli wangaphandle, obeka ityala kuye ngokusilela kwesizwe. Enye yezi ntsilelo inkulu ibe kukuvalwa kwezikolo eMexico ngenxa ye-Covid-19 kangangeenyanga ezili-18, lelinye lawona maxesha amade ngaphandle kweeklasi zobuso ngobuso emhlabeni. Oku kubangele ukulibaziseka kwezemfundo kunye nokungayi esikolweni. "Ngenxa yezizathu ezinxulumene ne-Covid-19 okanye ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali okanye izixhobo, abantu abazizigidi ezi-5,2 (i-9,6% yetotali ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-29 yeminyaka ubudala) abazange babhalise kunyaka wesikolo ka-2020-2021," litsho iZiko. Iinkcukacha-manani kunye neJografi (Inegi). NgokukaRevuelta, abantu abawazi umonakalo owenziweyo. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba iMexico, namhlanje enabantu abangaphezu kwe-330.000 ababhubhileyo kwi-Covid, ifikelele kwincopho yobhubhane njengelizwe lesithathu emhlabeni elinabantu abaninzi ababhubhileyo, ngezibhedlele eziwohlokileyo, "imfundo ayizukuthatha isigqibo ngento enzima". “Ukungacaci kwembali kusisono. Andikwazi ukucinga ukuba indoda yaseNgilani ingena ematyaleni ngenxa yokuba ‘uWilliam uMnqobi’ walwandisa ulawulo lwakhe phezu kweBritish Isles ngo-1066,” utsho. "EMexico sinezibane ezininzi kwi-Conquest, kodwa ziingxelo zembali ezilawulwa yizopolitiko." “Ndiyifumana ilishwa into yokuba bafuna ukufundisa abantwana, nangona le ingeyonto intsha,” utshilo uRevuelta. Umphandi wathi nangona iMexico ibe ngumongameli waseSpain iminyaka engaphezu kwelizwe elizimeleyo, "izicwangciso zemfundo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX azizange zinike ukubaluleka kokufundwa kweli nqanaba." Umongameli uLópez Obrador wayithethelela imodeli entsha yemfundo ephunyezwe luLawulo lwakhe. "Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuhlasela kweSpeyin, kwiminyaka eyi-500 eyadlulayo, kwiinkulungwane ezintlanu ezedlulileyo, (yayiyi) inkcubeko yabantu baseSpanishi abangaphambi kweSpanishi ayaziwa ngokupheleleyo." Ngala mazwi, umongameli wayengazi nto izimbo zomzimba ezifana nezabefundisi bokuqala abali-12 baseFrancisca abafika kweli lizwe yaye into yokuqala abayenzayo kukufunda ulwimi lwesiNahuatl, olwaluthethwa ngamaMexico kubukhosi bama-Aztec, ukuxubana nokuthelela. kunye nabemi baseMexico. Emva koko wabalaselisa uAlonso de la Vera Cruz, owaxhasa ngezimali iyunivesiti yokuqala yaseMexico kwaye wakhokela kwaye wagcina ithala leencwadi lokuqala kulo lonke elaseMelika. Ukulwa nokuyeka isikolo kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa kukulahlekelwa bubukho, uRhulumente uyila izenzo ezikhuthaza "isikolo esitsha saseMexico". Kwesi sindululo sekharityhulam, ukufundisa ngokwesintu kunxulunyaniswa "nelifa le-neoliberal kunye ne-Eurocentric" ethintela inkqubo yezemfundo, njengoko kugxininiswe kwingxelo yeqonga 'loVavanyo lwaseMexico' elenziwe ziingcali ezisigxekileyo isicwangciso esitsha. I "decoloniality" Olu hlengahlengiso lwezemfundo lujolise ekuphumezeni into ebizwa ngokuba yi "Fourth Transformation" uLópez Obrador wathembisa ngayo xa wayenyulwa. Le ntshukumo yeengcamango inesiseko sayo sokuqala ukufezekiswa kokuzimela kweMexico (ngokungathi akuzange kwenzeke kwiminyaka eyi-200 eyadlulayo) ukuze -ngamazwi ombhalo- "zikhulule kwiminyaka eyi-300 yolawulo lwaseSpain". Idibaniswa nale ngcamango yangoku, i-paradigm entsha yemfundo ibhenela "kwinkcubeko ebaluleke kakhulu", efuna ukulwa nobudlelwane be-asymmetrical phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana, ngaphezu kokuvumela inkqubo ye-globalization. Izikhundla zabo zikhuthaza "ukucinga ngokutsha" okubalulekileyo "kwe-decoloniality". Kujongwe ukuba abafundi "bazi ingqiqo yekholoniyali kunye ne-domain yezoqoqosho njengokuxhaphaza abantu, i-domain yezopolitiko kunye nokulawulwa kwabasemagunyeni kunye ne-domain yentlalo kunye nolwazi." Ingcamango kukuba abafundi bangaphakathi bakholelwa ukuba i-colonization yinto ebangele ukuba amazwe akhoyo angalingani ngenxa "yengcinga enye yendalo yonke eqala kwi-Eurocentric, i-patriarchal kunye ne-heterosexual view of real." UMarco Fernández, umphandi kwiTecnológico (Tec) de Monterrey kunye nomququzeleli weprogram yemfundo yeqonga le-'México Evalúa ', uqikelele ukuba esi sicwangciso sokulinga "lithuba elitsha eliphosiweyo lemfundo esisiseko kweli lizwe." Ngokoluvo lwakhe, “akukho lizwe lichitha ixesha ekuphuculeni ukufunda kwabafundi kwaye liziphathe ngokungathi akukho ngxaki yokufunda”. Kule nto yongezwa "uluhlu lwezinto ezininzi zokucalucalula kunye nokungafaneleki malunga nexesha elidlulileyo ngaphandle kokunikezela ngedatha". Ibonisa ukuba isicwangciso sokulinga siyayigxeka ikharityhulamu yemveli "njenge-Eurocentric, imfundo yokuthanda abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana bebodwa eye yahlanganisa indima yesisa kwaye ibe yeyodidi ngenxa yokuba ishiya izixhobo zemfundo esemgangathweni ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwehlabathi. Ibhanki”. UFernández uchaza esi sithethe “njengesiphelelwe lixesha”. "Kunokuba kuhle ukutsala abaphulaphuli abathile abasekhohlo, kodwa akuncedi ukuphucula imfundiso yamagumbi okufundela eMexico kuba sele sinomgangatho ophantsi wokufunda ngaphambi kobhubhane." "Umntu akanakuwukhanyela umnqamlezo werhamente apho uvela khona kwaye le ntetho yobuzwe yaseRamblon isuka kwixesha apho i-Institutional Revolution Party (PRI), apho uLópez Obrador aphuhlayo, wenza umonakalo omkhulu kwilizwe." "Le nto iguqulela njani kwisicombululo kwiingxaki zemfundo?" UFernandez uphakamile. Yaye wongezelela esithi: “Ngaba uninzi lolutsha lwaseMexico luyakwazi ukusebenzisa iMathematika ngokuchanekileyo? Ngaba bayayazi indlela yokuqonda oko bakufundayo baze bafikelele kwizigqibo kubabhali? Impendulo nguhayi”, ucelwe umngeni ngaphandle kokwandisa. “Andiboni ukuba le nto iza kusonjululwa njani ukuba uyilo lolandelelwano lokufunda kulo mlingelo alukagqitywa nokugqitywa, kwaneencwadi zokufunda ezifundiswayo,” uvale ngalo mazwi. Amazwe amanyeneyo asathetha-thethana ngokufanelekileyo, aya kuba zizikolo ezikhethiweyo ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kumava kwaye iinjongo zootitshala zokuguqula le pedagogy ibe yizicwangciso zokufunda ezitsha azikacaci ncam. Kananjalo nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweli nyathelo alukabonakali. UMphathiswa weMfundo esiSiseko akafunanga kuphendula amajelo osasazo ahlukeneyo malunga nale miba. Ejongene nebango lokuphelisa "inkqubo ye-neoliberal," uFernández uyibiza ngokuthi "i-rhetoric ephantsi." Inkcubeko yomzamo iya kuncipha nge-archetype "engafuniyo ukwenza ibakala lemisebenzi, okanye ukwabela amanqaku okuzimasa okanye umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga," wongeza. Kuphela iindawo zaseGuanajuato, eNuevo León naseQuerétaro ziye zafunda impembelelo yokulahleka kweeklasi zobuso ngobuso kule minyaka mibini yesikolo. Ngeli xesha, uthungelwano luvutha kunye nabafundi bezikolo zaseprayimari abanyamezela i-46 degrees ngaphandle kweMexicali ngenxa yokungakwazi ukufumana iingcingo zombane ukucaphukisa amagumbi okufundela.
