Lilemo tse mashome a mane tsa Toledo (1983-2023). ho tsoa ka albamo

Hoseng ha la 10 Hlakola, 1983, 'me ka lehloa, bophelo bo le bong bo ile ba fihla sepetleleng sa bakhachane sa Sepetlele sa Virgen de la Salud se toropong ea Toledo, ka nako eo ka baahi ba 58.000, palo e hole le ba 86.906 ka 2023. Bolulo boo, lilemo tse mashome a mane hamorao, ke sekepe se se nang letho se emetseng ho ntšoa bohareng ba sebaka se hlomohileng sa Palomarejos. Ho tloha ka Pulungoana 2020, bakuli le balekane ba ntse ba ea setsing sa sepetlele se tebileng haholo tikolohong e matla ea Polígono (Santa María de Benquerencia) e nang le baahi ba 23.000, palo eo e neng e le halofo, ka 1982, ha letsatsi le ntseng le le teng le ne le amohela batho ba likete. ho Amohela Mopapa, ketsahalo eo ho neng ho se mohla e kileng ea e-ba teng historing ea Toledo.

Lilemong tse mashome a robeli, toropo e ne e tla hola ho tloha ntlafatsong ea molao-motheo e neng e tla tsoala Sechaba sa Castilla-La Mancha. Ka September 1982, mohahong oa Lorenzana o Toledo, ho ile ha thehoa Kopano ea Nakoana eo, ka May 31, 1983, ka mor'a likhetho tsa pele, e ileng ea fana ka sebaka sa Cortes e ncha San Pedro Mártir, ntlo ea khale ea baitlami ea Dominican. Sehlopha se entsoeng ke molao se ile sa isoa qhobosheaneng ea San Servando, ea falla, ka 1987, ho ea sebakeng sa pele sa baitlami sa Gilitos, chankaneng ea letsatsi le ntlo-kholo ea Lefapha la Civil Guard le lefapha la mollo. Kantoro ya Moporesidente e ile ya hlongwa ka hara Fuensalida Palace, musiamo ho tloha ka 1969 le ntlokgolo ya Lekgotla la Baretoro ba Yunibesithi. Molao oa ho qetela oa 1983 o thehiloeng Toledo "setulo sa Cortes le 'Muso oa sebaka seo."

Baahi ba diaspora

Ts'ebetso eo e ile ea qobella ho batla libaka ka hare le ka ntle ho marako bakeng sa tsamaiso e lokolotsoeng. Sebakeng sa nalane, ka 1985, Sepetlele sa Desierto del Nuncio se ne se tšoaretsoe ke Lekala la Moruo le Lichelete. Meeli ea Karolo ea Sejuda e ile ea kenella ka sebete bakeng sa Temo (1989) mme moaho o hahelletsoeng oa Colegio de Doncellas o ne o tla lula litšebeletso tse ling ka 1994. -, bolutu bo ne bo lula literateng. Khaello ea mehato e potlakileng ea ho theha baahi e ile ea bolela ho koaloa ha likolo ka nako e mahareng, tahlehelo ea khoebo e haufi, ho hlaha ha matlo a matle a matle le mabenkele a theko e tlaase a lihopotso.

Ka 1996, lilemo tse leshome ka mor'a hore Toledo e phatlalatsoe e le Toropo ea Bohlokoahali Lefatšeng, karolo e ka har'a marako e ne e lahlehetsoe ke liphesente tse mashome a mabeli tsa baahi ba eona. Ka ntle ho marako, khaello ea mobu oa sechaba le tlhokahalo e tsoelang pele ea bolulo e ile ea phahamisa litheko, haholo-holo Santa Teresa le Buenavista. Likamore tsa sechaba (bakeng sa malapa a 826) le mekoloto ea theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa e ne e le Polígono kapa litoropong tse haufi ka phahamiso e hlokang litšebeletso le ho fallisetsoa ho ea Toledo. Phallo ena ea letsatsi le letsatsi e ne e amahanngoa le bohahlauli, ho sebeletsa literata, li-square le li-esplanades tse nang le libaka tsa ho paka makoloi. E le ho rarolla bothata bona le ho nolofalletsa batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto ho ea setsing, ho 2000 le 2014, ka ho latellana, ho phahamisoa ha mechine ka morao ho ile ha eketsoa ho Paseo de Recaredo le Huerta de San Pablo, ntho e boletsoeng ke B. Winkler ka moralo oa ho tsamaea (1990). ) . Ka 2005, terene ea "Alta Velocidad" e ile ea qala terene ea "Alta Velocidad", e leng pontšo ea nako e telele e letetsoeng ea mehleng ea kajeno bakeng sa motse ofe kapa ofe oo Madrid o fihlileng mona ka halofo ea hora. Leha ho le joalo, ho hokeloa ho Extremadura ho ntse ho lebeletsoe, e leng sepheo se seng se boletsoe ha Toledo e ne e bona seporo seo se khakoloa ka 1857.

Tagus le liphetoho tse ling

Boemong bo bong, ho pota 1983, Zocodover, tikoloho ea eona ea khoebo le ea boikhathollo, e ile ea fela. Banka e ile ea fumana mpho ho senya li-cafes. Ka 1992 Cine Imperio e ile ea koaloa ka nako e tšoanang ha ho hlaha liholo tse ncha haufi le Plaza de Toros. Ka 1984 re ile ra tsoaloa hape ka katleho e kholo Carnival le Ho Patoa ha Sardine, mekete e neng e thibetsoe ho tloha nakong ea ka mor'a ntoa. Merchán, ho tloha ka 1990, phetoho e ikhethang ea sebaka se bohareng sa promenade e ile ea e thibela ho amohela libaka tse khahlang tsa Corpus Christi le Fair. Lipere tse nyenyane le li-carousels li ile tsa fallela Peraleda moo setsi se setle le sa boikhathollo se neng se ke ke sa atleha. Ho tloha bofelong ba lilemo tse mashome a supileng, bophelo ba bosiu bo ile ba etsahala liemahaleng tsa Miradero, nako le nako e ne e senyeha le ho feta. Ho koaloa ha eona, ka 2002, ho ile ha fana ka sebaka sa ho paka koloi e nchafalitsoeng le holo (2012) e tla tlatsana le mosebetsi oa sethaleng sa Rojas Theater, e tsosolositsoeng ka 1989. Litsi tsa univesithi le tsa setso li ile tsa matlafatsa, ka ho latellana, tikoloho ea San Pedro Mártir ( 1985) le Alcázar, ka lebaka la Laeborari ea Castilla-La Mancha (e khakolotsoeng ka 1998) le Musiamo oa Sesole (2010).

Ho fetisoa ha Tagus, e ileng ea kopanya matla ohle a lipolotiki le a sechaba Phetohong, e ile ea tsoela pele ho khothalletsa boipelaetso sebakeng sa metsi a eona a lefifi a koahetsoeng ke lekoeba. Ka 1994, ho ile ha etsoa moralo oa ho khutlisa, bonyane, libanka tse nang le matamo a tsona a khale, litsela le lisebelisoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le tsa boikhathollo. Ha toropo e se e khonne ho khaotsa ho furalla nōka, ho se hlokomeloe hantle ho ile ha baka ho senyeha ha eona le ho se tsotelleng ha eona. Ha e le noka, litlhoko tsa baahi Toledo le Talavera li ntse li phehella ho emela Tagus ea phelang, mohlokomeli oa bohlokoa ba histori le mohloli oa leruo.

Ka November 1986, fekthering ea lilemo tse makholo a mabeli ea Arms Factory, ho phatloha ha setsi sa pokello ea thepa ho ile ha baka lefu la mosebetsi, e leng ketsahalo e ileng ea tšosa motse. Lilemo tse leshome ka mor'a tlokotsi eo, k'hamphani ea tsamaiso ea Santa Bárbara (INI), joalokaha e ile ea etsa lifekthering tse ling, e ile ea koala e ileng ea siea lebali mohopolong oa Toledo. Karolo e 'ngoe ea Toledo, Sebakeng sa Industrial Estate, e ile ea felisoa ka 2006 ke khamphani ea Standard (hamorao Alcatel le Sanmina), feme e ileng ea hira basebetsi ba 1.700. Hammoho le lik'hamphani tse ling tse seng li ntse li lebetsoe, e ne e le peō ea sebaka se sa tsoa thehoa sa Santa María de Benquerencia, kajeno tšepo ea katleho ea nakong e tlang bakeng sa Toledo.

Ka April 1998, Lekhotla la Toropo, ka pel'a Lekala la Tšireletso, le ile la nehelana ka Factory ea Lihlomo ho Univesithi ea Castilla-La Mancha. Naheng e setseng, ka 2004 ho ile ha phatlalatsoa matlo a 1.300 2023, a hlakoloa lilemo tse peli hamorao ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale le likhang tse matla. Ka XNUMX, ho Vega Baja le Peraleda, liketso li phatlalatsoa bakeng sa thabo ea sechaba ea libaka tse ling tsa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale, tse seng li senyehile, li boloka boleng ba naha le lefa. Leha ho le joalo, masimo a rona a ipapisitseng le merero e ka hlokomeloa ea thekiso ea matlo le meaho e ile ea kenya tšebetsong khanyetso ea sethala le batho ka bomong ho haha ​​​​meaho e mecha masimong a nalane ea nalane ea Tagus.

Ba bangata ba rōna re bone liphetoho tsohle tse etsahetseng lilemong tse mashome a mane. Tito Livio's urbs bunch (XNUMXst century) e lekholong la boXNUMX la lilemo ke nnete e kholo le e qhalakaneng eo bokamoso ba eona bo tlamehang ho kopanngoa le merero e tsitsitseng ea sechaba ho etsa toropo e le kannete.

MABAPI LE MONGOLI

RAFAEL MOHLOMI CERRO MALAGON

Tichere, tichere ea sekolo se mahareng le mohlahlobi oa thuto. PhD ho Histori ea Art. Mofuputsi ea khethehileng ka photohistory le setšoantšo sa motse oa Toledo

<div class="voc-author__name">RAFAEL DEL CERRO MALAGÓN</div>
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