Boithuto bo entsoeng ho palo ea bana ba Spain, ka tatelano ho tloha ho boimana ho isa bocheng (karolelano ea lilemo tse 22), e fumane kamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa ha bana ho chefo e bolaeang likokonyana le li-fungicides le tsoelo-pele ea bohlankana. Mosebetsi, o hatisitsoeng koranteng ea "Tšilafatso ea Tikoloho" e entsoe ke bafuputsi ba Univesithi ea Granada (UGR), Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA) le CIBERESP (ISCIII).
Mofuputsi oa ibs.GRANADA le CIBERESP, Carmen Freire, ea ikarabellang bakeng sa khatiso ena, o bontša hore ke ba fokolang haholo ba entseng lipatlisiso ho fihlela joale kamano pakeng tsa ho pepesehela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e sebelisoang hona joale le lilemo tseo bocha bo hlahang ho banana le bashanyana, ho nahanoa hore tsoelo-pele ea tsoelo-pele ea bohlankana ke 'nete e atisang ho hlokomeloa tleliniking ea bana, haholo-holo ho banana, le bao lisosa tsa bona li sa utloisisoeng hantle.
Mosebetsing ona, ho ile ha hlahlojoa kamano pakeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea metabolites ea moroto oa chefo e sa tsitsang le nts'etsopele ea boroetsana ho bashanyana le banana ba tsoang litoropong le mahaeng a Spain, ho nahanoa hore botenya ke ntho e kotsi ho nts'etsopele ea tsoelopele.
E tlameha ho hopoloa hore botenya ba bongoaneng ke bothata bo tebileng ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, ke ka lebaka leo Spain e thehileng Leano le khethehileng la Leano (2023-2030) ho le loantša.
Spain ke moreki e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana European Union (EU), e sebelisa lithane tse 77.700 tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka 2020, ho kenyeletsoa lithane tse 34.000 tsa li-fungicides, sehlopha se seholohali. Likokoana-hloko li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea temo, hammoho le libakeng tsa litoropo le malapeng. Tsela e ka sehloohong ea ho pepesehela batho ka kakaretso ke ka lijo, haholo-holo ka ho sebelisoa ha litholoana le meroho e tloaelehileng.
Hang ha e se e le ’meleng oa motho, chefo ena e bolaeang likokoanyana e tšeloa ka potlako ’me e ntšoa ka har’a moroto. Liphuputso tsa liteko li fana ka maikutlo a hore chefo e 'ngoe e sa tsitsang e ka sebetsa joalo ka lik'hemik'hale tse sitisang tsamaiso ea endocrine, tse tsejoang ka hore ke li-endocrine disruptors. Keketseho ea ho pepesehela batho ba sitisang bana ba endocrine lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena e kanna ea ba e 'ngoe ea mabaka a ikarabellang bakeng sa tloaelo ea ho kena boroetsaneng ho banana, mohlomong le bashanyana.
Mosebetsing ona, bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahloba moroto oa bana ba 606 le bana ba 933, ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 7 le 11, ba ileng ba kenya letsoho thutong ea INMA pakeng tsa 2010-2016.
Khatello ea metabolite e mene ea likokoana-hloko tsa organophosphate, ho kenyeletsoa chlorpyrifos, diazinon le pyrethroids, tse sebelisoang haholo taolong ea likokoanyana tsa temo, hammoho le li-fungicides tsa dithiocarbamate, joalo ka mancozeb, li hlahlojoa mots'ehare.
Liphetho tse fumanoeng khafetsa ho feta, ka lilemo, likhahla tse phahameng tsa masala a moroto a li-fungicides le likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana li amahanngoa le monyetla o moholo oa ho hlahisa matšoao a ho qala ha boroetsana, haholoholo nts'etsopele ea mammary. Metsoalle ena e ne e bonahala haholoanyane ho banana ba nang le boima bo tloaelehileng.
Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a kamano ea ho pepeseha ha bana ho li-fungicides le chefo e itseng e bolaeang likokoanyana le boroetsana ba pejana ho banana le bashanyana.
Ho bashanyana, ho pepesehela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana chlorpyrifos le pyrethroids ho amahanngoa le menyetla e eketsehileng ea nts'etsopele ea litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Joalo ka banana, li-fungicides li ne li amahanngoa le monyetla o moholo oa ho hola litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho bashanyana ba boima bo tloaelehileng. Ho makatsang ke hore kamano le pyrethroids e boetse e bonoa, feela ho banna ba batenya / ba batenya.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, Carmen Freire o re, “liphello li bontša kamano pakeng tsa ho pepesehela li-fungus le likokoanyana bongoaneng le ho kena bonneng kapa bosaling ho banana le bashanyana. Liphetho tsena li tšoenya haholo kaha ho kena bohlankaneng pele ho nako ho amahanngoa le mathata a fapaneng bongoaneng le bocheng, ka liphello tsa morao-rao bophelong ba bona ”.
Nicolás Olea, e mong oa ba saenneng mosebetsi ona, o totobatsa hore ke pontšo ea hore banana le bashanyana ba fetang 60% ba tla ba le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka har'a moroto oa bona, 'me diazinon e etella pele lethathamong, e lateloa ke li-fungicides, ho feta halofo ea palo ea batho, 'me e lateloe ke chlorpyrifos le pyrethroids, e fumanoe ho bana ba ka bang 40%. O ile a re: "Ena ke ntho e neng e sa lokela ho etsahala le ka mohla.
Ka bobeli organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos le dithiocarbamate fungicide mancozeb li thibetsoe Europe haufinyane (2020 le 2021, ka ho latellana) ke European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), leha ka lilemo tse ngata ba kentse letsoho ho beheng Spain maemong a holimo a ts'ebeliso. ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
