Musi waKukadzi 24 wegore rapfuura, zuva rekutanga rehondo muUkraine, ABC yakarondedzera husiku hurefu hwekubhomba hwakasangana neKiev, nezviuru zvezvivakwa zvekugara zvakakuvadzwa uye kukuvara kwakanyanya kwezvivakwa. Uyewo kurwisana kwakanyanya kwemaoko-ku-ruoko kwakaitika mumigwagwa yeguta guru, nekupfurwa kwakanyanya mukupindirana kwezvivako zveMutungamiri weUkraine, Hurumende uye Verkhovna Rada (Paramende). Kupinda kwakarairwa mushure mekunge purezidhendi weRussia, Vladimir Putin, ararama sechinotyisa pakati pevaUkraine, vakanga vatonyoresa mazuva aSeptember 1941 umo mauto aHitler akapinda muguta kuti aparadze zvinhu zvose.
Zvinoda kuziva, nekuti zuva rimwechete iro Russia yakatanga kupinda kwayo gore rapfuura, Hurumende yeUkraine yakaburitsa mufananidzo pane yayo Twitter account iyo yakakurumidza kuenda kuhutachiona. Yakanga iri mufananidzo wekatuni umo Hitler akaonekwa achipuruzira Putin neshoko rinotevera: "Iyi haisi meme, asi yedu uye chokwadi chako izvozvi." Asi zvakaitika zuva iroro, mukati menjodzi, zvakanga zviri kure nezvakaitika musi waSeptember 16, 1941, kutozosvikira pavakwa chinyorwa chitsva chakanga chisingambopfuuri: Hitler akatora vasungwa 660.000 XNUMX veSoviet muzuva rimwe chete, nhamba inopfuura yose yeHondo Yenyika. II.
Jesús Hernández anorondedzera mu 'Izvo zvakanga zvisiri mubhuku rangu reHondo Yenyika Yechipiri' (Almuzara, 2018) kuti Hitler akanga akundikana mukuedza kwake kukunda maBritish uye kuti, pakupera kwa1940, akanangidzira pfungwa dzake pane iyo. akashanda muvengi wake chaiye: Soviet Union. Yakanga yasvika nguva yekutarisana neiyo yaizove iyo huru duel yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, iyo dhizaini yeNazi yaida kuzadzisa chiroto chayo chekushandura Germany kuita humambo hwekondinendi hwakatambanuka kubva kuAtlantic kuenda kuUrals. Musi waKurume 30, 1931, akazivisa kuvakuru vemauto ake chinangwa chake chekurwisa hofori yechikomunisti, mukuvhiya kwainzi Barbarossa, kwakatanga musi wa22 Chikumi, pakarira runhare pamuzinda wedunhu remasoja reLeningrad pakati pehusiku. .
Zvakanga zvisina kujairika kuti Moscow ikumbire musangano "wekukurumidza" nemukuru weguta panguva iyoyo, saka zvaive pachena kuti chimwe chinhu chakakomba chaiitika. Signal operator Mikhail Neishtadt akapa zano mukuru wevashandi, uyo akasvika maminetsi makumi mana gare gare ari mumhepo yakaipa. "Ndinovimba zvine basa," akaridza tsamwa, uye akamutambidza teregiramu: "Mauto eGerman ayambuka muganhu weSoviet Union." “Kwakanga kwakaita sokurota hope. Isu taida kumuka uye zvese zvichadzokera kune zvakajairika ", akadaro wekupedzisira, uyo akakurumidza kuona kuti uku kwaisava kurota, asi kurwiswa kukuru kwemauto emamiriyoni matatu uye makumi emakiromita ematangi nendege dzanga dzave kuenderera mberi. pamberi pemakiromita 2.500 kubva kuGungwa Dzvuku kusvika kuBaltic.
Nyaya: Kyiv
Sezvakatsanangurwa naMichael Jones mu 'Kukomba kweLeningrad: 1941-1944' (Kutsoropodza, 2016), kushanda kwakaronga kurwisa katatu: Army Center Group yaizokunda Minsk, Smolensk neMoscow; Boka reNorth rakapotera mudunhu reBaltic ndokutungamira Leningrad, asi Boka reMaodzanyemba raizorwisa Ukraine yakananga Kyiv. Iyo yekupedzisira yakanga iri pasi pemurairo waMarshal Gerd von Rundstedt, uyo akayambuka Poland, akapfuura Lviv ndokusvika kuDonbass basin neOdesa munaSeptember mushure mekukunda kwakatevedzana. Erich von Manstein ndiye akakurira iri guta rechiteshi chezvikepe rokupedzisira mushure mekukombwa kunotyisa.
Kugumbura kuUkraine kwakakonzera kukundwa kwekutevedzana kweSoviet Army kwakaitika mukudonha kwekupedzisira kweKyiv munaGunyana 26, 1941, apo vadziviriri vekupedzisira vakadzimwa. Pakazosvika pakati paAugust, Stalin akanga aunganidza varwi vanenge 700.000 XNUMX muguta, matangi ane chiuru uye pfuti dzinopfuura chiuru. Vazhinji vevakuru vemauto ake vakamuyambira, kunyangwe nekutya, kuti mauto angave akakombwa nemaGerman. Iye ega airatidza simba aive Gueorgui Zhukov, akatsiviwa mushure mekunge mudzvanyiriri weSoviet afa nemurairo wekusadzokera shure.
Pakutanga, mapofu eThird Reich aikomberedza vadziviriri kumaodzanyemba nekuchamhembe kweguta. Kuti vaite izvi, vaive nerutsigiro rweBoka II reHeinz Guderian's Panzer Division, iyo yakafamba makiromita mazana maviri nekumhanya kwakazara nematangi ayo kubatsira mupincers musi wa200 wemwedzi iwoyo. Pana September 23, Stalin akaziva chikanganiso chake ndokukwanisa kurega, asi kwakanga kwanyanyononoka kutiza. Ruzhinji zvikuru rwevarwi veSoviet 5 700.000 vakanga vasina nguva yokutiza. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kukomba kwakavharwa, kutozosvikira pa16 apo boka II reGuderian Division rakasangana neboka I.
Kuurayiwa kweBabi Yar nemaNazi kwakauraya maJuda zviuru makumi matatu nezvitatu muKyiv ABC
Chinyorwa chevasina rombo rakanaka
Sekureva kwedhayari raHans Roth, musoja weBattalion 299 weGerman Sixth Army Infantry Division, kurwa kwakanyanya kuchaitika pakati paGunyana 17 na19. MaRussia akadzivirira neMolotov cocktails, iyo yakakurumbira Katyusha maroketi, uye kunyangwe nembwa dzebhomba, pamwe nekusiya migodhi muguta rese. Nzira yaStalin, zvisinei, yakaguma nekuzviuraya, kunhuwa kubva kuna meya masoja ake akaiswa mumabhegi uye akaiswa mujeri mushure mekudonha kweguta musi wa26 apo vadziviriri vekupedzisira vakakanda mapfumo pasi. Zuva rimwe chetero, mumaawa 24 bedzi, varwi 660,000 XNUMX vakasungwa neUto reNazi, vachiputsa chinyorwa chinosuruvarisa nokuda kwenhamba yapamusoro zvikurusa yavasungwa muzuva rimwe chifo cheHondo yeNyika II.
Zvakaipa zvikuru, zvisinei, zvakanga zvichiri kuuya. Musi wa28, vaNazi vakaparadzira mapepa muguta guru rose achizivisa kuti: “VaJudha vose vanogara muKiev nemakapoteredza vanofanira kuzviratidza mangwana Muvhuro nenguva dzaXNUMX:XNUMX mangwanani pakona yemigwagwa yeMelnikovsky neDokhturov. Vanofanira kutakura magwaro avo, mari, zvinhu zvinokosha uyewo mbatya dzinodziya. MuJudha upi noupi asingateereri mirairidzo iyi uye anowanikwa kumwewo achapfurwa. Ani naani asiri varwi anopinda munzvimbo dzakabviswa nevaJudha ndokuba zvinhu zvavo achapfurwa.
Zuva rakatevera kuurayiwa kwavo vose kwakatanga, vangava vokuRussia kana kuti vokuUkraine. MaNazi haana nguva yekurasikirwa uye anogadzira breakneck kumhanya. Sezvavakasvika, varindi vakavatungamirira kunzvimbo chaiyoiyo yavakanga vachizourawa. Kutanga, vakarayirwa kuti vabvise mbatya dzavo uye vaone kuti vakanga vasina kutakura mari kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha. Vachingosvika kumucheto kwegoronga, mumhanzi wakazara uye ndege yaibhururuka pamusoro kuti ivanze mhere mhere, vakapfurwa mumusoro.
VaJudha vekuUkraine vachichera makuva avo muStorow, Ukraine. 4 Chikunguru 1941 WIKIPEDIA
mwana yar
Grossman akanyora mubhuku rake kuti kuurayiwa kweBabi Yar kwakakurumbira, sezvaakafunga pamusoro pemupata waakagadzira kunze kweKiev, kwaiva kubuda kwekuuraya rudzi kuburikidza nemabara, ayo akazowedzerwa nekushandiswa kwegesi. Mupfungwa iyi, varume zviuru zvitatu zveEinsatzgruppen, boka remauto ekuuraya anomhanya-mhanya akaumbwa nenhengo dzeSS, vazhinji vacho vaiita basa ravo vakadhakwa, vaive kiyi. Mumaawa 3.000 chete, varwi veGermany vakati varasikirwa nevaJudha 48 avo, panguva yokupedzisira, vakaratidza tariro yokuti vaizodzingwa.
Mudiki akabatwa muUkraine Babi Yar Memorial Center akakwanisa kuziva aive mucheche ane mazuva maviri. Mubhuku rake rinonzi ‘A Document in the Form of a Novel’, rakabudiswa muna 1966, Anatoly Kuznetsov anoyeuka chipupuriro chomumwe mukadzi wechiJudha akakwanisa kutiza: “Akatarisa pasi ndokunzwa dzungu. Ndainzwa kunge ndakakwirira. Pazasi pake paive negungwa remiviri yakazara ropa.
