TORA
Beatriz Madrigal ane makore makumi maviri nematanhatu. Anoshanda, ari kuita dhigirii remasters uye ane madhigirii maviri eSociology nePolitical Science. Akatopedza makore maviri ari Erasmus, kamwe muGermany uye kamwe muArgentina, kuti avandudze rovedzo yake. “Ndanga ndiine utsinye kubvira ndichiri mudiki. Ndagara ndichidzidza zvakawanda, "anoudza ABC nekuseka. Mhosva yake, yakataurwa seizvi, ndiyo inonyanya kutaurwa. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti mukadzi wechidiki haanyatsoona 26%: haanyatsoona. Chokwadi, haatakure tsvimbo kana magirazi.
Zvinoenderana nechidzidzo 'Kuitwa kwevadzidzi veyunivhesiti vakaremara muSpain', kwakaitwa neONCE Foundation, vadzidzi ava vakawana mamakisi akafanana neaya eresitorendi yevechidiki, zvisinei nekuti zvavanoda "zvinowanzoregeredzwa".
Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana misiyano mumagiredhi anowanikwa mubvunzo dzavanotora, izvo zvakatsanangurwa nevaongorori seyero yekubudirira, iyo iri muzvidzidzo zvevasati vapedza kudzidza pakati pevadzidzi veyunivhesiti vakaremara, nepo yevadzidzi vasina kuremara kubva kuzvirongwa zvakafanana. iri pa86.7. Munyaya iyi yezvidzidzo zvatenzi, mamakisi ari 97,1 uye 98,1, zvichiteerana.
"Matambudziko evadzidzi ava anomuka kana vasina zviwanikwa zvinodiwa uye kugadzirisa," akatsanangura Isabel Martínez Lozano, director weZvirongwa neYunivhesiti uye Kusimudzirwa kweVadiki Talent kuONCE Foundation, uyo anoita chikumbiro nekukurumidza kuti atarise zvinodiwa. vepwere idzi, avo nenhamburiko huru vanotamburira kusasiyiwa pasinei zvapo nezvipingamupinyi zvisingaverengeki zvavanotarisana nazvo. “Kwavari, kuenda kuyunivhesiti kunodarika kupasa bvunzo kana kuwana ruzivo: kunovabatsira kuti vazvimirire uye varambe vachikura muhupenyu hwavo,” anoyeuka kudaro.
UNESCO, muna 2020, yakatoyambira kuti Spain haina dzidzo inosanganisirwa. "Pane kushomeka kukuru maererano nemaitiro mangani edzidzo akakwidziridzwa kuitira shanduko yedhijitari," anodaro Martínez Lozano. “Kureva kuti, hapana nzira dzekudzidzisa dzinosanganisira-inoenderera mberi. Kana kushandiswa kwedhizaini yepasirese yekudzidza. Pane zvigadziriso chete. Takaisa ramps munyika yenyama asi iwo mabhiriji mamwe chete kuzivo haana kuiswa. Uye ramangwana rinonyatsoitika nekuti isu tinokwanisa kudzidzisa munhu wega wega nenzira yakasiyaniswa zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo ”.
zvipingamupinyi
Somuenzaniso, Beatriz aishatirwa kana atarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu asingafungidziriki. Muna 3rd ESO, mudzidzisi wemasvomhu akaudza CHETE mudzidzisi kuti aisakwanisa kupinda mukirasi. “Aifanira kuva neni, ndiye ruoko rwangu rwerudyi, tsigiro yangu, nekuti bhodhi handirione. Agara aineni kuti aone zvandiri kudzidza, kunyora manotsi, nezvimwe. saka mozondibatsirawo gare gare." Kukoreji, mumwe mudzidzisi akakumbira kuti awane 50% yenguva yokunyora bvunzo. “Uye akandiudza pamberi pekirasi yose. Fungidzira kuti ndainzwa sei!”, anodaro, asi “Ndakadzidza kuti ikodzero dzangu, kuti handikumbire nyasha, ndinongoda izvo zvinoenderana neni”. Chimwe chisingafadzi chaakasangana nacho kakawanda pabvunzo nderekuti vadzidzisi vanokanganwa kuti anadzo uye havakwanise kumupa bvunzo pabepa. “Vanofanira kundipa paUSB kuti ndikwanise kuiverenga negirazi remagetsi rekombuta. Vanoyeverwa munguva yakawanda asi vanopfuura mumwe chete havana kubvumirana uye pamusoro pazvo vakashatirwa nokuti kirasi yose yakanga yaoma mitezo. Uye unovhunduka here? kushushikana kwangu? Ini ipapo pakati, ndiri pakati pekutarisa, vandinodzidza navo vakandimirira vasina kukwanisa kutanga bvunzo. Izvo hazvina kuverengerwa mukuongororwa”, anoyeuka kudaro mukadzi wechidiki.
Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvose izvi, Martínez Lozano anoyeuka kuti “gadziriro yedzidzo yakaomera zvikuru vanhu vakaremara. Asi zviri muchikamu chekupedzisira, kubvira pazera remakore 16, pazvisingamanikidzwe, zvakatoipisisa nekuti vadzidzisi vanonzwa kuti hapana chavanosungirwa kuita. Mhosva dzedu dzinobva kune vechidiki vanonyimwa chenji yekamuri yekudzidzira kuenda pauriri hwekutanga nekuti vari pawiricheya uye muchikoro hamuna lift. Uye vanofanira kuchinja zvikoro. Vadzidzisi vanonzwisisa kuti havana chavanosungirwa kupa kurapwa kwakasiyana kana kugadzirisa… Pane kushomeka kwekudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi”.
Isabel Martínez Lozano muhofisi yeONCE Foundation - Tania Sieira
Nekudaro, mukoreji, vadzidzi vanowanzo gara vari nani. “Zvinondiita kuti ndinzwe dzungu kufunga nezvake nekuda kwekuipa kwange kwaita zvinhu asi, kunyangwe zvese, ndipo pavanenge vari nani ipapo - anodaro mukuru weONCE Foundation-. Zvisinei nekushaikwa kwese kuriko, yunivhesiti inoziva zvakawanda uye ine mabasa ekutsigira vakaremara”.
“Tinotambira nyaya dzevechidiki vanonyimwa chenji yekamuri yekudzidzira kuenda pauriri hwekutanga nekuda kwekuti vanenge vari pawiricheya uye muchikoro hamuna lift. Uye vanofanira kuchinja zvikoro. Vadzidzisi vanonzwisisa kuti havana chavanosungirwa kupa kurapwa kwakasiyana kana kugadzirisa… Pane kushomeka kwekudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi”.
Ruzhinji rwevadzidzi vakaremara vanosarudza UNED, maererano nekudzidza, nekuti inovapa kuchinjika. "Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mayunivhesiti akatarisana haasati ava kupa mukana wese unodiwa nevadzidzi vazhinji," anodaro Martínez Lozano, uyo anodaidzira kuti 100% isvike nzvimbo dzeyunivhesiti.
“Kune zvipingamupinyi uye kutya zvakare,” anowedzera kudaro, sezvo pwere dzakawanda dzinobvunza mano avo okudzidza nokuda kwedhigirii reBachelor kana kuti masters. Mhuri zvakare inokanganisa kuita kwemudzidzi akaremara. “Havagarotsigira zvakakwana vana vavo nekuda kwekudzivirira zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso, pasina kuvakurudzira kuti vakure,” anodaro Martínez Lozano.
MuBeatriz, zvisinei, vabereki vake nehanzvadzi yake vakagara vachimutsigira. Zvakanyanya zvekuti akapedza makore maviri muGermany neArgentina paErasmus, aine rubatsiro kubva kuFundación KAMWE. “Zviwanikwa zvemari uye mabhezari evadzidzi ava zvine chekuita nesarudzo. Matambudziko mazhinji avanosangana nawo ane chekuita nekushaikwa kwezvekushandisa”, anodaro mukuru webasa, uyo anorangarirawo kuti mari yekurarama kwemunhu akaremara inodhura nechikamu che30%. “Kana zviwanikwa zvikapiwa, vanhu vanofambira mberi. Nhasi uno vadzidzi veErasmus vakaremara vanodarika zana vari kuenda”.
Vakuru uye makore akawanda ekudzidza
Naizvozvo, chii chinosiyanisa mudzidzi weyunivhesiti akaremara? Sekureva kwemushumo, muzera ravanowana dzidzo yepamusoro uye nguva yavanotora kuti vapedze: zera ravo repakati rakakura zvakanyanya, makore 31 mudhigirii uye 37 mune tenzi, zvichienzaniswa nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri nemakumi maviri nemasere, zvichiteerana. seti yevadzidzi. Vanopawo, sevadzidzi mune zvese, misiyano maererano nebonde.
"Nzira dzekuwana vanhu vakaremara zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvavanazvo munzira uye nekuda kwehurema hwavo hunoita kuti vamire muhupenyu hwavo nekuda kwehutano, maoparesheni, nezvimwewo.", akatsanangura maneja we ONCE. «Uye kusiyana kwevarume nevakadzi kwakabatana nekuremara kunova mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka-anoenderera mberi- nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekutendiswa mumhuri uye nenharaunda kuti vanogona kuve nyanzvi. Sezvo pasina munhu anofungidzira kuti musikana bofu kana musikana ari pawiricheya achava amai sei. Gender bias iripo: vakadzi vakaremara vanotendwa zvishoma kuti inyanzvi. Ndinovimba anokururamisa nekukurumidza."
Chimwe chezvinangwa zveFundación KAMWE ndechekuvimbisa kubatanidzwa kuzere kwevanhu vechidiki ava kuburikidza nemabasa. "Dzidzo nekudzidziswa ndizvo zvinonyanya kuvapa simba," anodaro Martínez Lozano. Nechikonzero ichi, sangano rine chirongwa che internship chinofambisa iyi yekutanga kuonana uye chinokurudzira vadzidzi mukutsvaga kwavo basa rakakodzera.
"Tine matambudziko maviri akakosha - anotsanangura maneja weONCE Foundation-. Chekutanga ndechekuti vashoma vanoshanda. Isu hatigone kuve neiyo nhanho yekusaita basa nekuti haigoneke muhurongwa hwazvino: 1 chete kubva pa3 vanhu vakaremara vanoshanda. Uye, chechipiri, vanowanzowana gaka mumabasa epasi-unyanzvi uye muzvikamu umo mamwe mabasa achaparadzwa mumakore anotevera makumi mashanu nekuda kwekushandurwa kwedhijitari. Dambudziko redu nderekuti vanoenda kuyunivhesiti vowana mikana. Zvichakadaro, makambani anofanira kushandura mafungiro avo kuti aenderane nehurukuro yavo kuvanhu nekuti chokwadi ndechekuti injiniya akaremara haataridzike sainjiniya asina hurema. Uye kunyange zvishoma kana kuremara kwavo kuchionekwa.
Nechikonzero ichi, chidzidzo ichi chinokumbira mayunivhesiti kuti abatanidze mugwara ravo uye nzira dzekutora vadzidzi kuti vasimudzire mukana wevadzidzi vakaremara kuenda kudzidzo yepamusoro, sezvo kuvepo kwavo mundima iyi kuchiri kwakaderera, uye kuve nebvunzo dzekuwana dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvavo. , kuwedzera kune isinganyanyi kuomesesa scholarship system.
Iyo ONCE Foundation inoonawo zvakare kuti kuitira kuti tive nezviratidzo zvese zvinoenderana nezvekuita kwevadzidzi veyunivhesiti vakaremara, zvakakosha kubatanidza shanduko yehurema, yakanyorwa zvakafanana, muhuwandu hweIntegrated University Information System (SIU). nezverudzi uye dhigirii rehurema uye, kusvika pamwero unobvira, nezvekutarisirwa kunogamuchirwa nerubatsiro rwevadzidzi. "Zvakakosha kuti ukwanise kuona kukundikana uye kugadzirisa," anopedzisa maneja.
EVAU yakamiswa mukugadzirisa
Vadzidzi vakaremara vanowana yunivhesiti kunyanya kuburikidza neEBAU, maererano neongororo yakaitwa neONCE Foundation. Nechikonzero ichi, sangano rinokumbira iro rakati bvunzo rigadziriswe mu "maitiro, fomu uye nguva" kuitira kuti vadzidzi vakaremara vakwanise kuiwana "pasi pemamiriro akafanana".
Director weZvirongwa nemaYunivhesiti uye Kusimudzirwa kweVadiki Talent veONCE Foundation, Isabel Martínez Lozano, anobvuma kuti "vanofanirwa kuve nekugadziriswa kwavo" asi "pane zvese uye zvakaoma".
“Somuenzaniso, matsi dzine nguva yakaoma zvikuru. Sekuona kwevaongorori, kusaperetera ndiko kwatinoziva tese asi kumatsi, hazvina kufanana. Zvakavaomera kusashaya zviperengo nekuti nzira yavo yekutaura yakasiyana. Pane zvirango zvisinganzwisisike. Vane nguva yakaoma kwazvo, pamwe nevanhu vane hyperactivity, vasingagone kugara kwenguva yakareba vachitora bvunzo vasina kufamba. Aya marudzi ehunhu haacherechedzwe mubvunzo isingachinjiki, apo ongororo uye nzira dzemaitiro dzinofanira kuchinjika uye dzakagadzirirwa boka revadzidzi rakasiyana nekuti nzanga yakadaro”.
