Mufananidzo waSchackleton, pane imwe yerwendo rwake - ABCIsrael VianaMadridUpdated: 14/03/2022 04:13h
“Pasina kuwedzeredza, ndiko kuputsika kwechikepe kwemapuranga kwandisati ndamboona, kusvika kure. Inomira kureba, inodada pasi pegungwa, yakasimba uye iri muchimiro chinoshamisa chekuchengetedzwa. Ichi chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yepolar, "akavimbisa ABC Mensun Bound neChitatu. Mutungamiriri werwendo rwakawana chikepe chaErnest Shackleton (1874-1922) chaipenya, akakwanisa kuwana Endurance yakarasika uye yakakanganwa pakadzika kwemamita 3.008, muWeddell Sea, kweanopfuura zana remakore.
Magumo anosuruvarisa engarava yaShackleton akatanga kunyorwa pana January 18, 1915, sezvo bhiridha rakaisvonaka raizovharirwa muaizi. Mutsvakurudzi akaedza kuva murume wekutanga kuyambuka Antarctica kuburikidza neSouth Pole, asi haana kubudirira.
Mushure memwedzi yakati wandei yakavharwa, iyo Endurance yakakuvadzwa kubva kuchando mashizha apo yakakwanisa kunyunguduka muchirimo ndokupunzika zvachose. Muongorori nevarume vake vakabva vamanikidzwa kuramba mubasa rinoshamisa rekupona iro rakazoguma nebudiriro mwedzi misere gare gare.
+ Memory yeSchacklenton, muABC Cultural, muna 2015 - ABC
Vose vakaponeswa, zvichiita kuti kuedza ikoko kwakakundikana kuve rimwe remabasa makuru okuongorora. Chisina anorangarira, zvisinei, ndechokuti Shackleton akapfuura nomuGalicia, sezvakashumwa neABC musi waSeptember 30, 1914. Musoro wenhau waiti: 'Expedition to the South Pole'. Kuenderera mberi kunogona kuverengwa: “Muchikepe cheBritish, muongorori weChirungu akakurumbira Shackleton asvika pachiteshi chengarava cheVigo, ari kunanga kuBuenos Aires kuti, kubva ikoko, atange rwendo rutsva rwokuenda kuSouth Pole urwo runotora nguva mbiri. makore. Rwendo rwekusatya rwakabhadharwa nekunyoreswa kwakatangwa naMambo George V negumi remadhora.
Vashomanana vevafambi venguva yake vangadai vakamutsa kuzvidza kwaShackleton. Chiziviso chaakabudisa mumapepanhau chokutsvaka vazvipiri chakaratidza uchokwadi hunorwadza hwebasa racho: “Varume vaida rwendo rune ngozi. Murwi akaderera. Kutonhora kwakanyanya. Mwedzi mirefu yerima guru. Ngozi inogara iripo. Hazvina kunaka kudzoka uri mupenyu. Kukudzwa uye kuzivikanwa kana ukabudirira". Asi zvisinei neyambiro, vanhu vanodarika zviuru zvishanu vakaunzwa.
Anopenga
Rwendo rwacho rwakanga rwakapenga, nekuti Gungwa reWeddell rakanga raramba risina kucheneswa kubva zvakawanikwa nemuvhimi wechirungu muchikamu chekutanga chechitatu chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Vafambisi vengarava vakawanda vakanga vaedza izvi pasina kubudirira pamberi paShackleton. Kune izvi tinofanira kuwedzera kufamba netsoka kwavaifanira kuita paAntarctica kana vasvika kumahombekombe, asi havana kubudirira. Uchapupu hwekutambudzika ndiko kushamisika uye kusatenda kunoratidzwa naRoald Amundsen, murume wekutanga kusvika kuSouth Pole, paakatsanangura chirongwa chake kwaari.
+ ruzivo Peji kubva 1914 ichirondedzera mafambiro aShackleton kuburikidza neVigo - ABC
Mutori wenhau weSpain anga achiburitsa ruzivo rwechirongwa ichi mwedzi isati yapfuura nemuVigo. Muna Kurume, 'El Heraldo Militar' yakashuma kuti Shackleton aive kuNorway achigadzirira rwendo urwu: "Akasarudza nyika ino nekuti, panguva ino yegore, dunhu rinopa nzvimbo zhinji dzakafukidzwa nechando kwaanogona kushanda semumatunhu polar. ”. 'La Correspondencia de España' yakaratidza kukakavara kuri kuramba kuchiitika nemuongorori wekuAustria Felix König, uyo akasimbisa 'kodzero yake yekukosha ndokumunyorera tsamba yaiti: 'Hazvibviri kuti nzendo mbiri idzi dzibve muGungwa reWeddell. Ndinovimba uchasarudza imwe nzvimbo yekutangira.’”
Zvisinei, pakanga pane dambudziko guru mumusoro waShackleton iro rakazunguza rwendo rwake rukuru. Pazuva rimwe chetero iro Endurance yakafamba nechikepe kubva kuLondon pana August 1, 1914, Germany yakazivisa hondo mukurwisana neRussia. France, zita remauto rekupedzisira, rakaita zvimwe chete neGermany. Mamiriro ezvinhu ehondo akadzora rwendo rwacho kubvira pazuva rokutanga, sezvarwaifamba nomurwizi rwaThames. Chokutanga pane zvose, protagonist wedu akakwira pasi uye akawana kuti mapepanhau akazivisa kuunganidza kukuru muGreat Britain. Panguva iyoyo, Antarctica inova isingasvikike seMwedzi.
kunzwa kuda nyika
Zviri nyore kufungidzira manzwiro akafamba nemunhu wese muchikepe paakanzwa nezvekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Manzwiro ekuda nyika akaita kuti vasimuke kusiya zvese kuti vauye kuzodzivirira nyika yavo. Shackleton, hongu, akafungawo saizvozvo, kunyangwe rwaive rwendo rwezviroto zvake. Mangwanani iwayo akaunganidza varume vake padheki ndokuvaudza kuti vakanga vakasununguka kupinda mumapoka kana vachida. Akabva atumira telegraph kuAdmiralty kuti ape chikepe chake, kunyange akawedzera kuti, "kana pasina munhu anofunga kuti zvakakodzera, akafunga kuti zvakakodzera kubva nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti akwanise kusvika kuAntarctica kumaodzanyemba kwezhizha," anodaro Javier Cacho mu. 'Shackleton, el indomable' (Forcola, 2013).
+ infoMufananidzo werwendo rwunotungamirwa naAmudsen kuSouth Pole nguva pfupi yapfuura - ABC
Awa imwe gare gare, achiri kutya kuti chirongwa chake chaizoparara, akagamuchira mhinduro pfupi kubva kuna Admiralty: "Enda mberi." Akabva atambidzwa teregiramu yechipiri kubva kuna Winston Churchill, umo akamutenda nemashoko anopenya uye pakureba nokuda kwechipo chake uye akamurayira kuti aenderere mberi nerwendo rwake. Panguva iyo nyika yakapinda muhondo yaityisa zvikuru munhoroondo kusvika panguva iyoyo, akayambuka English Channel nehana isina kuchena zvachose.
Zuva rakatevera, Endurance yakasvika pachiteshi chengarava chePlymouth, kudana kwayo kwekupedzisira muGreat Britain isati yasimuka kuenda kuBuenos Aires. Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo Shackleton akasarudza kuti akanga asiri kuzovaperekedza kuyambuka Atlantic ndokudzokera kuLondon kunogadzirisa bhizimisi. Muguta guru akaona kufora kwakasimba uko kwakaitika zviitiko, vachipesana nekuziviswa kwehondo yenyika yake kuGermany muna Nyamavhuvhu 4. Kwapera zuva akasangana naJorge V, uyo akamuudza nezvezvaaida iye pachake uye Crown kuti rwendo rwacho rwaisazokanganiswa nekunetsana kwacho.
Kudivi reVigo
Pasinei nerutsigiro rwose rwaakanga awana, Shackleton akanga asina kunyatsojeka pamusoro pechinzvimbo chake. Mamwe mapepanhau akanga amushoropodza nokuda kwechisarudzo chake chekuenda kuAntarctica apo Britain yakanga iri kumucheto kwegomba rakadzika-dzika. "Nyika inokuda iwe", akazivisa maposta akapararira muLondon yose paakatora rwendo rwake kuenda kuGalicia pachikepe 'Uruguay' pakupera kwaGunyana. Panguva ino, maGermany akanga ari pamasuwo eParis paakakwira kuSpain kuti aende nechikepe kubva ipapo kuti asangane neEndurance nevarume vake muBuenos Aires.
+ infoChronicle yekununura Shackleton - ABC
'Shackleton muVigo', inogona kuverengwa mupepanhau 'Informaciones de Madrid'. Ikoko muongorori akaramba asina chokwadi kana aifanira kuenderera mberi nerwendo irworwo rwakanga rwamutorera makore ekugadzirira, uye kwaakanga adyara mari yakawanda kudaro, kana kuti “aifanira kumutuma kuti atore chepfu,” sezvaakaudza vatori venhau pavakabvunza. iye. Zvaiva nemusoro kuti akanzwa kuvhunduka nezvose zvaiitika ari pakati pekuombera maoko kwevaGalicia vakaenda kunomutambira pachiteshi.
“Shackleton akakwaziswa ari mungarava nechiverengero chikuru chavanhu vakabvunza pamusoro pemagwa ehondo ayo, muna 1702, akabuda mugwara iroro nengarava mikurusa yendarama, sirivha namabwe anokosha. Sekutaura kwaakaita, iye pachake aida kunge aita basa rekubvisa hupfumi hwose uhwu asati aronga rwendo rwekuenda kuSouth Pole, "ABC yakashuma. Kufarira uku kwakanga kuri kuyeuchidza tsika yake youduku yokutsvaka pfuma yakavanzwa, kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzake dzakanga dziri kune imwe nzvimbo zvino.
Kusahadzika kwake kwakapedzisira kwabviswa neshamwari yake James Caird, mutsigiri wekuScotland uyo, sezvaaikakavara, zvaive nyore kuwana mazana ezviuru zvevechiduku vakamhanyira kuhondo, asi zvichida hazvibviri kuwana anokwanisa, saiye, Kuita. dambudziko rerwendo irworwo. Akabva aenda kuBuenos Aires kuti apinde muEndurance panguva imwe chete yaakanga achigadzirira rwendo rwokupedzisira rwehupenyu hwake.
