Hupfumi nehondo, ari mabasa evanhu, zvakave nehukama hwepedyo munhoroondo yese. Kwemakore akawanda ezana remakore rechiXNUMX, pfungwa yaVon Clausewitz yokuti "hondo kuenderera mberi kwezvematongerwo enyika nedzimwe nzira" yakatonga nzira iyo vanhu vaiteerera kune chiitiko ichi. Yakaremerwa nekusimbiswa kwenhoroondo - musoja wePrussia akataura kuti "nguva imwe neimwe ine mhando yayo yehondo" - basa rake harina kupukunyuka kunakidzwa neNewtonian mechanics yaivepo munguva yake uye iyo yakabvumira hondo kurondedzerwa semutambo kuenzanisa. simba pakati pemasimba eEurope.
Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga ndeye 'kuvhunduka' kwenhoroondo kunobata nharaunda dzakasiyana
zvechiuto seunyanzvi nehuzivi. Asi zviri pamusoro pezvose munguva yehondo apo hupfumi huchauya kuzosimudza izwi rayo pamusoro pezvimwe zvidzidzo nekudhindwa mu1920 ye 'Economic Consequences of Peace', apo John Maynard Keynes akafanotaura kuti mamiriro anorema akaiswa kuGermany muChibvumirano che. Versailles yaizotungamira kondinendi yeEurope kuhondo nyowani munguva pfupi. Parizvino ndipo panotanga kuchinja hukama pakati pehondo nehupfumi. Hupfumi hunomira kungova chikonzero chekurwira kugovewa kwezviwanikwa uye kunova chirango chinokwanisa kutsanangura uye kunyange kutonga hondo sezvayaimboitika nenhoroondo, zvematongerwo enyika kana masvomhu.
Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakabatsira zvakasimba kuendesa pfungwa dzehondo kukambani. Mamaneja mazhinji, vazhinji vavo vaive vapfuura nemunhandare dzehondo, vakatotaura nezve kuronga kwehungwaru uye kumisa chinangwa. Asi zvichave nekuuya kweCold War kuti hupfumi huve hutsvene senzira yekuteerera hondo. Zvichave zvekutenda kune nzira yemasvomhu yakagadzirirwa kutevedzera kudyidzana pakati pevanhu: Game Theory yakagadziridzwa naJohn von Neumann naOskar Morgenstern, kubva kuPrinceton University. Dzidziso iyi yaizosvika pakuzivikanwa kukuru nedzidziso yeMutual Assured Destruction (MAD), mutambo uyo vatori vechikamu vaviri vasingakwanise kukunda. Chinhu chikuru chinotorwa kubva kuMAD igwaro rekudzivirira nyukireya: hapana iyo USSR kana US yaizotarisana zvakananga, kunyangwe ivo vaigona kuzviita kuburikidza nevabatsiri vavo kana mune yechitatu-hurongwa mamiriro.
Mafungiro ehurongwa hwemauto akapfuudzwa munyika yebhizinesi nemiganhu yayo yepakutanga
Muchinyorwa chakabudiswa muna 2013 ('The Strategic Plan is Dead. Long Live Strategy' naDana O'Donovan naNoah Rimland Flor), vanyori vanotsvaga kwakabva pfungwa ye'business strategy' kunhandare dzehondo. Vanotaura kuti pasinei zvapo nenyongano inovapo muhondo, vatungamiriri vemauto kwenguva refu vakafarikanya mwero mukuru wokuterama. Vanotsanangura kuti, “Nguva yakapfuura yainyatsoratidza zviri mberi. "Makore kana makumi emakore akapfuura pakati pekuchinja kukuru kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sesimba rezvombo kana rudzi rwendege." Zvimwe zvinhu zviviri, zvavakaongorora, zvakapesvedzera zvakanyanya kuita sarudzo dzemauto. Yekutanga yaive kushomeka kwedata rakavimbika. "MaScouts nevasori vanofanirwa kuisa hupenyu hwavo munjodzi kuti vawane uye kupfuudza ruzivo, uye vanofanirwa kugara vakangwarira Pitfalls dzemuvengi." Uye, chechipiri, "mitsara yekukurukurirana yakanga isina kuvimbika" saka mirairo inofanira kuva pfupi, yakajeka uye inoshandiswa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi.
"Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, sezvo zano remauto rakapinda munyika yebhizinesi, ndizvo zvakaitawo zvipimo izvi," O'Donovan naRimland vanonyora. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kufanotaura nezveramangwana kwakatonhorera munguva yakapfuura, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvakaiswa mari mukuunganidza data, uye chimiro chekuraira chaive chakasarudzika.
Iyi nzira yakapona zvakanaka munyika yebhizimisi pakati pe 1950s ne 1990. Asi ne digitization uye kudyidzana kwenyika, nyika yakashanduka. Ramangwana haritarisike zvine musoro zvichibva pane zvakapfuura, data rakawanda uye rakachipa, uye kutaurirana kunokurumidza, kusarura, uye kunogara.
Hondo nyowani, dzakadai sedziri muKosovo, Iraq kana Afghanistan, dzakatorawo hurongwa hwepfungwa kubva kuhupfumi: manejimendi enjodzi. Iri ndiro dingindira repakati rebhuku rinonzi 'War as Risk Management' naYee-Kuang Heng, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeTokyo. Pamusoro pekuisa hurongwa hwekuongorora kwaakaunganidza, pakati pezvimwe zvipo, dzidziso yengozi yepasi rose yemuzivi weGerman Ulrich Beck, Heng aiona zviito izvi sechinhu chisingaperi chinogona kudzorwa pasi pemitemo yakadai sekuchengetedza, proactivity (uye kwete-reactivity). ), kuverenga kwezvingangoita uye systemic njodzi. Zvese izvi zvaienderana nepfungwa ye "hondo dzakasanganiswa" - kuchinjika kweyakajairwa hondo nemaitiro ehugandanga uye kushandiswa kwecyberpace, hupfumi uye nzanga senhandare yehondo - chaizvo mufashoni.
Mangwanani ekutora zvidzidzo kubva mukurwiswa neRussia kuUkraine, asi ine chimiro chekare (kutyisidzira kwenharaunda, mafambiro ehukuru hwemasoja, kukwezva kune nhoroondo, nezvimwewo) izvo zvinoita kuti munhu afunge nezve kudzokorora kwekare, se. kana Putin aidaidza Clausewitz. Hapana mubvunzo kuti, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, hupfumi, kunze kwekushanda senhandare yehondo, hunopawo hurongwa hwekuteerera kune zvakaitika.
