Iwo mashanu madhizaini eMupata weVakadonha uye muchinjikwa waro wakatariswa pamberi pechirongwa chekupedzisira - ABCIsrael VianaMadridUpdated: 18/11/2022 00:19h
"La Cruz yaive dambudziko redu," ABC yakabvuma, muna 1957, mugadziri wezvivakwa aitarisira Mupata weFallen: Diego Méndez. Aitaura nezvechiyeuchidzo chakakura uye chinopokana icho Isabel Díaz Ayuso ari kuyedza kudzivirira nemutemo, anopfuura makore makumi matanhatu mushure mekugadzwa, maererano nezvakaudzwa nehurumende yedunhu iri. Zvinopfuura 200.000 matani ekongiri nesimende, 150 mamita kureba kubva pachigadziko uye 46 mamita kureba pamaoko ayo, iyo mutungamiri weCommunity of Madrid anoda kudzivirira "kupokana nekuedza kupi zvako kwechisimba."
Ayuso achaita izvi kuburikidza neprojekiti yeiyo itsva yedunhu Heritage Law, iyo inomisikidza mukana wekuchengetedza, uchitevera tekinoroji maitiro, mukurumbira weCruz uye zvinhu zvekushongedza zvine chekuita nekuvaka kwechitendero, chero bedzi nyanzvi dzinoona zvakadaro.
Mutungamiri weMadrid akaita danho panyaya iyi, kunyangwe hazvo makore matatu apfuura, Mutungamiriri, Pedro Sánchez, akataura kuti "haana dambudziko" nazvo uye kuti akange asiri kufunga nezvekuputswa kwayo.
Kukakavadzana, zvisinei, kwakakomberedza chiyeuchidzo ichi uye Mupata weVakawa kubva pakusvika kwedemokrasi, sezvinoratidzwa nekufukunurwa kwaFranco naJosé Antonio Primo de Rivera. MunaNovember 2010, semuenzaniso, iyo Forum for the Memory of the Community of Madrid uye Social Forum yeSierra de Guadarrama yakadana kuputika kwayo pakarepo: kutsiva ", vakapokana.
"Zvese kuna Franco nekwandiri, zvakandiomera kuratidza Muchinjikwa pamusoro pedombo wakakwira kumakore usingaratidziki kunge mudiki kana kutsvinda muchimiro uye nechiyero," Mendes, anga ari National Heritage Architecture chipangamazano, zvakaratidza muna 1957. kumudzvanyiriri. Mutakuri wekutakura kubva, kunze kwemabasa muMupata weVakadonha, akatungamira kuvakwazve kwePalacio de La Granja, La Moncloa, Palacio de la Zarzuela, iyo Reales Alcázares muSeville, Monastery yeEl Escorial uye Monastery yeLas Descalzas de Madrid, pakati pezvimwe zvivakwa zvekare.
+ ruzivo
Futuristic uye yakanyanyisa mhando
Mugadziri weMadrid akanyora paABC makwikwi akavhurwa nehutongi, muna 1950, kune ani nani aida kupa chirevo chavo chemuchinjikwa mukuru waizoshongedza Mupata weVakadonha. Mhando dzakawanda dzakasvika dzinochengetwa nebepanhau rino mudura raro. Mamwe acho aive akakura kupfuura zvaakazopedzisira aita, mamwe aiita seakatorwa mubhaisikopo resainzi remanyepo, saFrancisco Cabrero, aiita seakabatwa mune ramangwana. Mamwe mashoma seaVíctor d'Ors. Vagadziri vezvivakwa vane mukurumbira vakaita saPedro Muguruza nechikwata chinoumbwa naLuis Moya, Enrique Huidobro naManuel Thomas vakapawo zvirongwa zvavo zvinokatyamadza uye zvemhando yepamusoro.
Zvizhinji zvezviyeuchidzo zvekuvigwa izvi zvingadai zvakanyanya kudiki dai hukuru hwekongiri piramidhi yakagadzirwa muna 1940 yeViscount yeUzqueta, mugadziri Luis Moya uye muvezi Manuel Laviada akasarudzwa, izvo zvavaida kuwana pakati peMadrid uye kwete mukati. San Lorenzo kubva kuEl Escorial. Somuongorori uye muparidzi wenhoroondo José Luis Hernández Garvi, munyori we 'Occultism uye esoteric zvakavanzika zveFrancoism' (Luciérnaga, 2017), akanongedzera kuABC gore rapfuura, "yakanga yakakura kupfuura iya yeKeops uye nzira hombe inotungamira kubva mairi. nzira ina munzira imwe neimwe, iyo yakarangarira pfungwa dzemagalomaniac dzaHitler nemugadziri wake, Albert Speer ".
Méndez haana kuoneka mumakwikwi "kunze kwekunaka kwekutanga." Nekuti aiziva kubhadharisa, izvo zvisina kufanira zvaiita. Nekudaro, Franco haana kuda chero ipi zvayo yeaya emangwana uye anoshamisira vagadziri. Mudzvinyiriri akataura kuti rakanga risina maturo uye akakumbira muvaki wezvivako kuti pakupedzisira atore basa racho pachake. Aifanira kupfekedza korona yepasi pevhu nechiratidzo chisingaperi uye aifanira kuva nacho nekukurumidza sezvinobvira: “Mwedzi yakapfuura uye akatadza kuwana mhinduro. Rimwe zuva, ndisingazvitarisiri, pandakanga ndakamirira vana vangu vashanu kuti vapfeke kuti vaende kumisa, kunyura, kuda kuvhenekerwa, chinenge chiridzwa, penzura muruoko yandaiita arabesque pabepa, ini nekusaziva ndakadhirowa Muchinjikwa. sezvazvakarovererwa zvino pakakwirira.
+ infoProject by Pedro Muguruza for the Cross of the Fence of the Fallen – ABC
“Hapana tsaona imwe chete”
Nokudaro, muna July 1950 nheyo yakatanga uye, muna 1951, kuvakwa kwemuchinjikwa. Zvese zvakaitwa nekumhanya uko, maererano neABC, vashandi vanopfuura zviuru zviviri vakapinda. Pakati pavo pakanga paine "makumi masere akatongerwa mhosva," akadaro Méndez. Kubva pane zvakazodzidzwa, vazhinji vavo vaive vasungwa veRepublican kubva muHondo yeVanhu vakapedzisira vafa panguva yemabasa uye vakavigwa pasi pematombo iwayo. Vatsigiri vechiyeuchidzo ichi vanoti kubva pakutanga chakasimwa senzvimbo yekuzororera vakafa vemativi maviri muhondo uye hapana tsigiro yekuti vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri nezvinomwe vakafa mukuvakwa kwacho.
“I nhamba isina musoro. Dziripi mhuri idzodzo? Vasungwa 2.500 18 vakabatanidzwa mukuvaka, avo vaigona kutenderera vakasununguka nemhaka yokuti vakakuchidzira marwadzo nemazuva ebasa. Pakanga pasina vanopfuura gumi vakafa mumakore gumi nemasere emabasa ", akadaro senator kuBBC, muna 2010, senator wePopular Party Juan Van-Halen. Mamwe masosi anopikisa anotaura nezve gumi nemaviri, asi nhamba chaiyo haina kumbobvira yazivikanwa. Méndez, nokuda kwake, akavimbisa kuti: “Vashandi vakachera makomba mugranite, vakakwira pachikafori chisingafungidziki ndokubata dhamu. Vaitamba nerufu zuva nezuva vachirukunda. Panguva yekuvakwa kwemuchinjikwa, tsaona imwe chete yakanyorwa.
Muna Kubvumbi 2018, mhuri ina dzakakwanisa kukunda muhondo yepamutemo uye nePatrimony izvo zvakavatadzisa kudzoreredza zvisaririra zvehama dzavo, dzakafira muHondo yeVanhu uye vakavigwa semutero mubhokisi rebhokisi reguva, mhiri kweguva. vashandi vakafira mumabasa. Vaive maRepublican maviri uye maFrancoists maviri, akabatanidzwa mu33.815 querpos aripo, ayo 36% (12.410) anoramba asingazivikanwi. Rondedzero yezvose iri paruzhinji pawebhusaiti yeBazi rezvemukati menyika, kunze kwekuti ruzivo rwunogumira kunhamba dzinodanwa uye dzine mavambo anozivikanwa.
+ infoProject naLuis Moya, Enrique Huidobro naManuel Thomas veCruz del Valle de los Caídos - ABC
the oscillation
Méndez akaudza ABC muna 1957, nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzwa kweMupata weVakadonha, kuti pamusoro pemuchinjikwa munhu anogona kuona kubvongodza kwakadzikama mukuwedzera kune maoko, akadzidza zvine hungwaru, uko, sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa nevanotungamira vashanyi, " Motokari mbiri dzinogona kuyambuka pasina kubata." Kupfuura kushambadza uku, hukuru hwayo hunoibvumira kugarisa spiral staircase uye lifti kubva pachigadziko kuenda kumaoko. Uye kuti maEvhangeri mana eJuan de Ávalos, anoyera 18 metres imwe neimwe, amire pahwaro hwayo.
Mabasa eMuchinjikwa neBasilica akapera muna 1958, achiona kuzadzisa kurota kwakaratidzwa naCaudillo, muna 1940, muHurumende yeHurumende Gazette: "Zvakakosha kuti matombo anosimudzwa ave nehukuru hwezviyeuchidzo zvekare, kuti ivo vauye. kupikisa nguva uye kukanganwa uye iyo inoumba nzvimbo yekufungisisa nekuzorora yezvizvarwa zvinotevera kupa rukudzo kune avo vakavapa Spain iri nani ”.
Maererano nomunyori webvunzurudzo naMéndez, Tomás Borrás, vokune dzimwe nyika vakaona kuvaka uku nenzira yakasiyana: “VaLatin vanoinzwisisa; maAnglo-Saxons, kwete. Vanobvunza kuti chii chiri purofiti yavo. Ndinovapindura kuti 'hapana'. Uye vanokatyamadzwa nezvose zviri zviviri basa racho uye ravanodaidza kuti 'kusabetsera kwaro'”. Kune munyori uye mutori wenhau kubva kuMadrid, zvisinei, "nyaya yehunyanzvi muvagadziri vemafirimu" yakashandiswa.
