Mu 'La violoncellista', bhuku razvino rakabudiswa muSpain naDaniel Silva, tenzi wekunetsana nedzimwe nyika, anozvitaura kune boka reWagner, sangano remauto reRussia rakatangira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi nechinangwa, sezviri pachena, kutonga dzimwe 'rare earth'. Pakati pezvikonzero zvekurwiswa kweUkraine ndiyo yakawanda yelithium reserves yakachengetwa muvhu rayo, inyanzvi yehupfumi muhupfumi hutsva ... Kubva pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II, kubudirira kwemaindasitiri uye kudyidzana kwepasi rose kwakatevera kwakakonzera kuwedzera kasere mukushandiswa kwe. simbi
Mamwe data: paLondon Metal Exchange, mutengo wenickel wakapetwa kana, uye chimwe chinhu chakafanana chakaitika palladium.
Platinum, rhodium, cobalt, beryllium, borate, niobium, tantalum ... isingazivikanwi kuvanhu vose, asi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muupenyu hwezuva nezuva: nharembozha, mapurazi emhepo, motokari dzemagetsi, nezvimwewo. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, China inodzora, maererano neUS Geological Survey, 60% ye 'rare earths in the world' uye, maererano neongororo yakaitwa neBelgian yunivhesiti (KU Leuven), Europe inogona kutambura, kutenderera 2030 , kuperevedza kwepasi rose. yesimbi dzakadai se lithium, cobalt, nickel, 'rare earths' nemhangura.
Chinangwa 2030
IEU inonyanya kutsamira pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika senge cobalt (86%); lithium uye 'rare earths' (pa100%), aluminium, nickel uye mhangura kubva kuRussia, nezvimwe. Nekuda kwekuti ine miganhu yejoloji, EU inofanirwa kutarisa kune yakasiyaniswa uye isina kukanganiswa kuwana misika yezvinhu zvepasi rose, paine shanduko yeparadigm inodiwa kana masosi matsva ezvekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo achida kuwanikwa nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo kwakakwirira uye magariro. . Zvirinani, ongororo yeyunivhesiti yeBelgian yakaona kuti migodhi mitsva yenyika inovhara pakati pe5% ne55% yezvavanoda zvakakosha zvesimbi panosvika gore ra2030, ine mapurojekiti makuru ekuchera lithium uye 'zvisingawanzoitiki'.
Kudiwa kwesimbi dzekutanga muEU kuchakwira kusvika muna 2040. Kubva ipapo, kudzokorodza kunofungidzirwa seimwe yezvisarudzo zvinogona kubatsira kuwana kugutsikana kukuru uye kuchengetedzeka kwehurongwa, izvo zvinokurudzira kuisirwa mari kukuru muzvivakwa. Kana tikataura nezve manejimendi eWaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), iyo Global E-Waste Monitor 2020 kudzidza yeUnited Nations, inoratidza kuti muna 2019 rekodhi yepasi rose yemarara emarara yakasvikwa ne53,6 miriyoni matani, 21% zvakawanda mumakore mashanu chete… asi fungidziro inoratidza kuti fungidziro inosvika 57.000 miriyoni emadhora muzvinhu zvinodzoreredzwa, pedyo neGDP yepagore yeSlovenia kana Lithuania.
Mitemo uye kuvandudzwa kwemitemo mukutarisira marara kwakakosha, munguva dzavanogona kureva mikana yemakambani uye niches yebasa iri kuwedzera. Chiitiko chepasi rose chetekinoroji nyowani zvakare inosimbisa basa rehungwaru rekutonga kwakaringana kweWEEE uye 'migodhi yemumaguta', mukati meEuropean uye yenyika marongero ekusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa. Denda iri rakapedza kudiwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi nemagetsi kubasa nekumba.
Kana kudzokorodza uye kushandiswa zvakare kwanga kwatove kunetsa kune yese EU, iyo Ecolec Foundation yave ichishanda kweanoda kusvika makumi maviri emakore, ikozvino yave chinhu chekukurumidzira munguva dze4Rs: Recycle, Reuse, Rece and Repair, maererano Zvinangwa zveSustainable Development zve2030 Agenda.
The Ecolec Foundation, yakagadzirwa muna 2004 neNational Association of White Line Appliance Manufacturers and Importers (Anfel) uye Spanish Association of Small Appliance Manufacturers (FAPE), inotarisira matani angangoita zana nemakumi maviri neshanu emhando iyi yemarara muSpain muna 125.000, 2021% zvimwe. paavhareji zvichienzaniswa ne8 (2020% mumaguta ane vanhu vakawanda). Ndiyo yega SCRAP (Collective System Yekuwedzera Chigadzirwa Mutoro) inokwanisa kudarika zviuru zana zvematani mukati memakore mashanu, zvisinei nedenda uye akasarudzika mamiriro muzvinhu zvese.
zvitsva zvinodzoka
Iko hakuna chikonzero chekuzorora mukuedza, sezvo matambudziko matsva anomuka, sekukwira kwekutengesa kuburikidza neInternet (20% yehuwandu muSpain muna 2019, 33% muna 2021), nezvinoreva izvi pakuunganidza, kutungamira. uye kudzokorora. Uye yakawedzerwa kune pamusoro apa kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye kuoma kwekutora zvinhu kubva kune zvakasikwa kugadzira michina mitsva, apo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinoramba zvichiwedzera kuti, pakupera kwekushandiswa kwavo, zvichatsanangurwa mu 'migodhi yemuguta' yezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Kudzokorodza kwakanaka kwemarara emidziyo yemagetsi iyi kwaizoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira midziyo mitsva nekudaro kusimudzira modhi yeCircular Economy, kusikwa kwezvirimwa zvitsva zvekushandisa patsva uye kufambiswa mberi kwemaitiro matsva etekinoroji, aine mabhenefiti asina kupokana ehupfumi nemagariro. Pasi, Fundación Ecolec yakakwanisa, muSpain chete, 31.705.932 kg. yemarara mufiriji muna 2021, kwayakatenderwa kudzoreredza matani mazana mapfumbamwe nemaviri ealuminium, 902 yekabhoni, 175 yesimbi simbi uye 12,8 yesimbi isina-ferrous. Mupiro wakakwana kusimudzira nyika yakagadzikana.
