Muvhuro uno unotanga svondo reNobel Prize, mibairo yevanhu vakashandira "zvakanaka zvevanhu" uye inopihwa muStockholm neOslo.
Iyo mibairo, iyo yakagadzirwa nainjiniya wekuSweden Alfred Nobel (muumbi we dynamite) akapihwa mamirioni gumi korona dzeSweden pachikamu uye menduru yegoridhe gumi nesere.
Sezvo ichipihwa muSEK, kuchinjanisa mari kunogona kukanganisa huwandu hwemubairo unogamuchirwa. Semuenzaniso, gore rino muAmerica akahwina Mubairo weNobel achawedzera mari inopfuura miriyoni yemadhora, asi gore rino mari yacho ishoma: $900.000.
Kunyangwe menduru ichipihwa zvakanyanya sechiumbwa, vamwe vanopihwa mibairo vakaishandura kuita mari. Mutori wenhau wekuRussia uye akahwina Mubairo weNobel Peace Prize Dmitri Muratov akafungidzira kushandura goridhe kuita pfuma yevana vekuUkraine. Muna Chikumi, menduru ye196-giramu yakahwina muna 2021 yakasvika madhora zviuru zana nemakumi matatu neshanu yakabhadharwa nemunhu asingazivikanwe philanthropist, yakapihwa kuchirongwa cheUnicef. Nhamba yacho yakapetwa ka103,5 kupfuura rekodhi yapfuura.
Pasinei nemukurumbira wavo, Nobel haisi mibairo yakawanda kwazvo. Iyo 'Discovery Awards' yakaitirwa muSilicon Valley uye yakapihwa 'Oscar yesainzi', yakahwina mibairo yemamiriyoni matatu emadhora, anopfuura katatu Nobel, maererano neAFP.
posthumous awards
Kutanga muna 1974, mitemo yeNobel Foundation yakataura kuti mubairo wekutanga waipiwa mushure mekufa, kunze kwekunge rufu mushure mokunge nhamba yevatambi yaziviswa.
Kusvikira mutemo wanyorwa, vaviri chete vakafa veSweden vanhu vakapihwa: mudetembi Erik Axel Karfeldt (bhuku muna 1931) uye angangove akaurayiwa Munyori Mukuru weUN, Dag Hammarskjöld (mubairo werunyararo muna 1961).
Zvakaitikawo kuti mubairo hauna kupihwa sezvo wakaumbwa kupa mutero kune akashaika, semuna 1948 mushure mekufa kwaGandhi, yakashuma AFP.
Mumwe akagamuchira nguva pfupi yadarika akawana mukana wekugamuchira zita renhare rine mukurumbira achizivisa Nobel: mushure mekupihwa mubairo wemushonga weCanada Ralph Steinman muna 2011, aizivikanwa kuti akafa mazuva matatu apfuura, kunyangwe achiramba ari pane rondedzero yevakakunda.
Kutsoropodza "kuwana hupenyu"
Neanopfuura makore 120 enhau, vamwe vanoarangarira sechinyakare, kazhinji kazhinji vachisarudza zvakawanwa zvekare. ChiSweden physicist uye chemist Svante Arrhenius, ane tarenda zvikuru mundima dzakawanda, akagamuchira Chemistry Prize muna 1903 nokuda kwe "electrolytic theory of dissociation."
Asi rakanga riri rimwe basa rokupayona rakamuwanira chimiro chokuva piyona nhasi: pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 2 akanga ari wokutanga kutaura kuti kupiswa kwemafuta ezvisaririra, zvikurukuru marasha panguva iyoyo, kunokonzera kudziya kwepasi nokuda kwokusunungurwa. ye COXNUMX nharaunda.
Maererano nekuverenga kwake, kupetwa kaviri kwekabhoni dhaikisaidhi kunodziya pasi nemadhigirii mashanu; mhando dzemazuva ano dzine huwandu hwe2,6º kusvika 3,9º.
Kure nekufungidzira kuwanda kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwemafuta ezvicherwa ari kudyiwa nevanhu, Arrhenius akarerutsa kumhanya kwaaizosvika pamwero iwoyo uye anofanotaura kuti kudziya kwakadaro kwaizoitika semugumisiro wekuita kwevanhu mumakore 3.000.
